* Nano Bubble Technology: Water treatment using tiny bubbles for enhanced water quality.

* Benefits: Contaminant removal, increased dissolved oxygen, algae/biofilm reduction, improved aquatic animal water quality, better distribution/oxidation/disinfection.

* Protected Areas (India): Managed under Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Management includes water level/aeration/circulation, silt/weed management, STPs.

* Zoos (India): Central Zoo Authority ensures hygiene/health of captive aquatic animals (Recognition of Zoo Rules, 2009).

* India Status: Pilot phase. Long-term impact studies pending.

🔆 POCSO Act: Protecting Children from Sexual Offences

✅ Context : The Supreme Court of India reinforced that consuming sexually explicit content involving minors is a serious crime under the POCSO Act.

📍 About the POCSO Act (2012)
✅ India’s first comprehensive law addressing child sexual abuse, administered by the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
✅ Aims to:
Protect children from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography.
Establish Special Courts for speedy trials.
✅ Amended in 2019: Introduced stricter penalties for severe offences.

📍 Key Provisions
✅ Gender-neutral: Defines a child as anyone under 18 years.
✅ Mandatory Reporting: Failure to report sexual offences is punishable.
✅ No Time Limit: Abuse can be reported anytime, even after years.
✅ Confidentiality: Victim’s identity cannot be disclosed without Special Court approval.

#gs1
#society

Dear Students,
Third Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Financial Markets

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

Good Morning🌞🌞

6 luxuries in life:

✅time
✅health
✅a quiet mind
✅slow mornings
✅ability to travel
✅a house full of love

Mount Harriet: Biodiversity and Significance 🌳🐾

✅ Forests: Known for evergreen primary forests and mixed deciduous forests, making it a biodiversity hotspot.
✅ Wildlife: Home to unique species like:
- Andaman wild pigs 🐗 (Endangered)
- Saltwater crocodiles 🐊
- Turtles 🐢
- Robber crabs 🦀

✅ Geographical Importance:
- Mount Harriet is the third-highest peak in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

🌍 A vital ecological zone with unique flora and fauna, contributing to the rich biodiversity of the region.

India Budget 2025-26: Sector-Wise Allocation (Descending Order)

1️⃣ ₹6.8 lakh crore – Defense & National Security
2️⃣ ₹3.5 lakh crore – Agriculture & Rural Development🚜
3️⃣ ₹3 lakh crore – Healthcare & Pharma 🏥
4️⃣ ₹2.9 lakh crore – Railways (Vande Bharat Freight Corridors) 🚆

Dear Students,
Fourth Economics Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Economy
Sub topic:-  Public Finance

Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl

The significance of Sacred Groves is:

SACRED 🌿
• S – Soil & Climate Protection (Prevents erosion, stabilizes ecosystems)
E.g. Sarna forests in Jharkhand help prevent land degradation and desertification.

• A – Aquifer & Water Conservation (Maintains water tables, supports springs and rivers)
E.g. Sarpa Kavu groves in Kerala are crucial for maintaining local water tables and streamflow.

• C – Cultural & Religious Heritage (Integral to local traditions, rituals, and beliefs)
E.g. Mawphlang sacred forest in Meghalaya is central to Khasi tribal rituals and remains untouched for centuries.

• R – Reservoir of Biodiversity (Home to rare, endemic, and medicinal species)
E.g. Many groves in the Western Ghats serve as genetic reservoirs for native flora and fauna.

• E – Ecological Disaster Mitigation (Shields against floods, landslides, and droughts)
E.g. Dense groves in Rajasthan protect against desertification and extreme climate events.

• D – Divine Connection with Nature (Revered as abodes of deities and spirits, ensuring conservation)
E.g. Sacred groves in Himachal Pradesh are protected as the dwelling places of local deities.

पीछे रह जाते हैं वो लोग
जो अवसर का इंतज़ार करते हैं ,

जब मेहनत करना आपके हाथ में है ,
तो मौक़े के भरोसे नहीं ;
अपने परिश्रम के ज़रिए
लक्ष्य को प्राप्त करें

Skill Development Initiatives: 
✅Skill Training of Rural Youth (STRY): Offers 7-day short-term skill training in agriculture and allied sectors for self-employment. 
✅Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK): Provides training in agriculture, horticulture, livestock, and allied sectors to strengthen rural skills. 
✅Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA): Delivers decentralized extension services to update farmers on new technologies and practices. 
✅Student READY Programme: Focuses on skill development and hands-on learning through training, rural awareness, internships, and projects

Cotton

While India is first in the world in area under cultivation. It is second to China in production and consumption.

Yield per hectare in China is 4X of India.

White fly and pink bollworm are noteworthy pests.

(Question unlikely as it paints India in a negative light, however it’s important to know)

🔆 Thirty-Eighth Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975

📍 Key Changes:
✅ Article 352: Modified to allow the President to declare different proclamations of national emergency on different grounds (e.g., war, external aggression, or armed rebellion) simultaneously.
✅ Article 356: Altered provisions related to President’s Rule in states.
✅ Article 360: Adjusted provisions regarding the declaration of a financial emergency.
✅ Article 123: Made the promulgation of ordinances by the President non-justiciable in courts.
✅ Article 213: Extended the same non-justiciable protection to ordinances promulgated by governors and administrators of union territories.

📍 Significance:
✅ Made the declaration of emergency by the President non-justiciable, ensuring the executive’s decisions during emergencies could not be challenged in courts.
✅ Strengthened the executive’s authority in managing emergencies and promulgating ordinances, reducing judicial scrutiny.

The Thirty-Eighth Constitutional Amendment Act, 1975, significantly expanded the powers of the executive, especially during emergencies, reducing judicial intervention in key proclamations and decisions.

#polity #prelims

Difference between ICC and ICJ

India will roll out the new Labour Codes in phases starting from 2025.

Consolidation of Laws: 29 existing labour laws will be merged into four codes.

Enterprise Compliance:

- Large Enterprises (500+ employees): Immediate compliance required.

- Medium Enterprises (100-500 employees): Transition period before compliance.

Small Enterprises (under 100 employees): Up to two years for compliance.

Centre working with states for final approval and smooth rollout!

Intangible cultural heritage