🔆This article discusses the dangers of rat-hole mining in Meghalaya, India, and the reasons why this hazardous practice continues despite being banned.
Key Points:
✅What is Rat-Hole Mining?: A dangerous and illegal mining practice involving narrow tunnels dug into coal seams. Miners work in cramped spaces, facing risks of asphyxiation, mine collapse, and flooding.
✅Why is Such Mining Banned?: Rat-hole mining is banned due to its high risks, including deaths from asphyxiation, mine collapses, and flooding. It also causes environmental damage, including land degradation, deforestation, and water pollution.
✅Why Does it Continue?:
🔸High demand for coal, especially from industries like brick kilns.
🔸Lack of alternative livelihood options for miners.
🔸Weak enforcement of the ban by authorities.
🔸Political pressure from mining interests.
✅Human Cost: The practice has led to numerous deaths and injuries, with many miners, primarily from Assam, Nepal, and Bangladesh, losing their lives.
Key Points:
✅What is Rat-Hole Mining?: A dangerous and illegal mining practice involving narrow tunnels dug into coal seams. Miners work in cramped spaces, facing risks of asphyxiation, mine collapse, and flooding.
✅Why is Such Mining Banned?: Rat-hole mining is banned due to its high risks, including deaths from asphyxiation, mine collapses, and flooding. It also causes environmental damage, including land degradation, deforestation, and water pollution.
✅Why Does it Continue?:
🔸High demand for coal, especially from industries like brick kilns.
🔸Lack of alternative livelihood options for miners.
🔸Weak enforcement of the ban by authorities.
🔸Political pressure from mining interests.
✅Human Cost: The practice has led to numerous deaths and injuries, with many miners, primarily from Assam, Nepal, and Bangladesh, losing their lives.
🔆 Mount Etna: Europe's Largest Active Volcano
📍 Location:
✅ Mount Etna is located on the eastern coast of Sicily, Italy, near the city of Catania.
📍 Geological Significance:
✅ It is Europe's largest and most active stratovolcano, with a history of frequent eruptions spanning thousands of years.
✅ Formed at the convergence of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, it is a prominent feature of the Mediterranean tectonic zone.
📍 Recent Eruption (2025):
✅ On Friday, Mount Etna erupted, spewing lava, ash, and smoke into the sky.
✅ The eruption forced the closure of Catania Airport as ash disrupted airspace and the surrounding areas.
📍 Tourism & Cultural Importance:
✅ Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mount Etna attracts millions of visitors annually for its geological and cultural significance.
📍 Global Connection:
✅ Mount Etna highlights the importance of monitoring active volcanoes worldwide to minimize risks and study Earth's dynamic processes.
#Geography #Disaster_Management #mapping
📍 Location:
✅ Mount Etna is located on the eastern coast of Sicily, Italy, near the city of Catania.
📍 Geological Significance:
✅ It is Europe's largest and most active stratovolcano, with a history of frequent eruptions spanning thousands of years.
✅ Formed at the convergence of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, it is a prominent feature of the Mediterranean tectonic zone.
📍 Recent Eruption (2025):
✅ On Friday, Mount Etna erupted, spewing lava, ash, and smoke into the sky.
✅ The eruption forced the closure of Catania Airport as ash disrupted airspace and the surrounding areas.
📍 Tourism & Cultural Importance:
✅ Designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Mount Etna attracts millions of visitors annually for its geological and cultural significance.
📍 Global Connection:
✅ Mount Etna highlights the importance of monitoring active volcanoes worldwide to minimize risks and study Earth's dynamic processes.
#Geography #Disaster_Management #mapping
📚 Good Evening students!
Use this Saturday and Sunday to catch up on your pending coursework.
📍 Important Update: Polity classes will resume from Monday. Be prepared!
Happy studying! 📝
Use this Saturday and Sunday to catch up on your pending coursework.
📍 Important Update: Polity classes will resume from Monday. Be prepared!
Happy studying! 📝
NEWS: Gates in the Sky - Docking Technology by ISRO.
A) ISRO successfully demonstrated docking technology through the SpaDeX mission.
B) This is a major step for India’s future space missions.
1) What is Docking : Docking means joining two spacecraft in orbit while moving at 28,000 km/h.
First successful automated docking: USSR’s Kosmos 186 & Kosmos 188 (1967).
2) Mission Details :
a) Launched via PSLV-C60 (Dec 30, 2024).
b) Used two satellites for docking tests.
c) Fourth stage of rocket carried 24 payloads.
d) Included a plant germination experiment in space.
3) Why is Docking Technology Important?
1. Better Space Missions
a) Helps build large spacecraft in orbit.
b) Overcomes rocket weight limits by launching parts separately.
c) Enables heavy interplanetary missions.
d) Supports Chandrayaan-4 lunar sample return mission.
2. Long-Duration Spaceflight
a) Allows repairing & refueling satellites in space.
b) Makes resupply missions possible.
c) Needed for future human missions to Mars.
d) Useful for space mining operations.
3. Space Station Development
a) Essential for India’s future Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).
b) Enables crew rotations & long-term missions.
A) ISRO successfully demonstrated docking technology through the SpaDeX mission.
B) This is a major step for India’s future space missions.
1) What is Docking : Docking means joining two spacecraft in orbit while moving at 28,000 km/h.
First successful automated docking: USSR’s Kosmos 186 & Kosmos 188 (1967).
2) Mission Details :
a) Launched via PSLV-C60 (Dec 30, 2024).
b) Used two satellites for docking tests.
c) Fourth stage of rocket carried 24 payloads.
d) Included a plant germination experiment in space.
3) Why is Docking Technology Important?
1. Better Space Missions
a) Helps build large spacecraft in orbit.
b) Overcomes rocket weight limits by launching parts separately.
c) Enables heavy interplanetary missions.
d) Supports Chandrayaan-4 lunar sample return mission.
2. Long-Duration Spaceflight
a) Allows repairing & refueling satellites in space.
b) Makes resupply missions possible.
c) Needed for future human missions to Mars.
d) Useful for space mining operations.
3. Space Station Development
a) Essential for India’s future Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).
b) Enables crew rotations & long-term missions.
Aap me se bahut logo ko UPSC 2025 ke form bharne me dikkat aaegi , especially certificate part.
UPSC asks for latest certificates so u can make it ready in advance
Pls go through this link. Here u will find all performas of upsc — it is the format we need to fill and get signed by tahsildar.
He will refer state issued certificate and sign on it.
UPSC accepts certificates only in given formats , not in state issued formats.
https://upsc.gov.in/recruitment/recruitment-performas
UPSC asks for latest certificates so u can make it ready in advance
Pls go through this link. Here u will find all performas of upsc — it is the format we need to fill and get signed by tahsildar.
He will refer state issued certificate and sign on it.
UPSC accepts certificates only in given formats , not in state issued formats.
https://upsc.gov.in/recruitment/recruitment-performas
🔆 Weaving in India
📍 Context : On National Textile Day, a tribute was paid to the rich tradition of Indian weavers, showcasing their significant contributions to India's heritage.
📍 History of Weaving in India
🕉 Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE): Evidence of cotton cultivation and textile production, with dyed cotton fragments found in Mohenjo-Daro.
📜 Vedic Period (Rigveda, 1500–500 BCE): Mentions of weavers as "vaya" (male) and "vayitri" (female), highlighting the craft’s early roots.
🏹 Post-Vedic Period: The Mahabharata mentions silk fabrics, while Buddhist texts describe textiles like linen, cotton, and silk, emphasizing the importance of weavers.
👑 Mughal Empire (1526–1857): Flourishing of luxury textiles like brocades, muslins, and velvets through Karkhanas (workshops). Sericulture expanded in Kashmir, as noted in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi.
⚙️ Modern India: The Industrial Revolution led to the decline of Indian textiles due to competition from machine-made products, causing economic losses and the erosion of traditional markets.
📍 State/UT Weaves
🎨 North:
✅Jammu & Kashmir: Kani Weave, Kashmiri Pashmina.
✅Himachal Pradesh: Kullu Shawls.
✅Punjab: Khes Weave.
🎨 Northeast:
✅Assam: Muga Silk, Eri Silk.
✅Nagaland: Chakhesang Shawl.
✅Meghalaya: Eri Weave, Tap-Moh Khlieh.
🎨 West:
✅Gujarat: Patola, Mashru Weave.
✅Rajasthan: Kota Doria, Jaipuri Rajai.
✅Maharashtra: Paithani, Himru Weave.
🎨 South:
✅Tamil Nadu: Kanchipuram, Kandagi.
✅Andhra Pradesh: Venkatagiri, Dharmavaram Handloom.
✅Karnataka: Ilkal, Mysore Silk.
🎨 East:
✅West Bengal: Jamdani, Baluchari.
✅Odisha: Sambalpuri, Bomkai.
✅Bihar: Bhagalpuri Weaving.
#gs1 #prelims #art_and_culture
📍 Context : On National Textile Day, a tribute was paid to the rich tradition of Indian weavers, showcasing their significant contributions to India's heritage.
📍 History of Weaving in India
🕉 Indus Valley Civilization (3300–1300 BCE): Evidence of cotton cultivation and textile production, with dyed cotton fragments found in Mohenjo-Daro.
📜 Vedic Period (Rigveda, 1500–500 BCE): Mentions of weavers as "vaya" (male) and "vayitri" (female), highlighting the craft’s early roots.
🏹 Post-Vedic Period: The Mahabharata mentions silk fabrics, while Buddhist texts describe textiles like linen, cotton, and silk, emphasizing the importance of weavers.
👑 Mughal Empire (1526–1857): Flourishing of luxury textiles like brocades, muslins, and velvets through Karkhanas (workshops). Sericulture expanded in Kashmir, as noted in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi.
⚙️ Modern India: The Industrial Revolution led to the decline of Indian textiles due to competition from machine-made products, causing economic losses and the erosion of traditional markets.
📍 State/UT Weaves
🎨 North:
✅Jammu & Kashmir: Kani Weave, Kashmiri Pashmina.
✅Himachal Pradesh: Kullu Shawls.
✅Punjab: Khes Weave.
🎨 Northeast:
✅Assam: Muga Silk, Eri Silk.
✅Nagaland: Chakhesang Shawl.
✅Meghalaya: Eri Weave, Tap-Moh Khlieh.
🎨 West:
✅Gujarat: Patola, Mashru Weave.
✅Rajasthan: Kota Doria, Jaipuri Rajai.
✅Maharashtra: Paithani, Himru Weave.
🎨 South:
✅Tamil Nadu: Kanchipuram, Kandagi.
✅Andhra Pradesh: Venkatagiri, Dharmavaram Handloom.
✅Karnataka: Ilkal, Mysore Silk.
🎨 East:
✅West Bengal: Jamdani, Baluchari.
✅Odisha: Sambalpuri, Bomkai.
✅Bihar: Bhagalpuri Weaving.
#gs1 #prelims #art_and_culture
Dear Students,
Sixth Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:- Judiciary
Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl
Sixth Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:- Judiciary
Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl
Telegram
GOT - Rapid Revision
Akshu invites you to join this group on Telegram.
📌 UNION AND TERRITORIES CREATED AFTER 1956.
#unionanditsterritories
1. MAHARASHTRA and GUJARAT
🔸️ In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into two separate states–Maharashtra for Marathi speaking people and Gujarat for Gujarati speaking people.
🔸️ Gujarat was established as the 15th state of the Indian Union.
#unionanditsterritories
1. MAHARASHTRA and GUJARAT
🔸️ In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into two separate states–Maharashtra for Marathi speaking people and Gujarat for Gujarati speaking people.
🔸️ Gujarat was established as the 15th state of the Indian Union.
Dear Students,
Seventh Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:- Centre - Judiciary
Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl
Seventh Polity Rapid revision class will be conducted today at 8 PM.
Subject:- Polity
Sub topic:- Centre - Judiciary
Zoom Link for the class will be shared in the group.
https://t.me/+5SmN4Vv1mcFkNTRl
Telegram
GOT - Rapid Revision
Akshu invites you to join this group on Telegram.
🔳 China successfully launched Pakistani satellite 'PRSC-EO1' into space
◼️China has been launching satellites for Pakistan for the past few years, further expanding their evergreen alliance in the space sector.
◼️Last year, China launched a multi-mission communications satellite for Pakistan.
◾️In 2018, China put two Pakistani satellites into orbit. PRSS-1, Pakistan's first optical remote sensing satellite, and PakTES-1A, a small observation vehicle.
#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #space
◼️China has been launching satellites for Pakistan for the past few years, further expanding their evergreen alliance in the space sector.
◼️Last year, China launched a multi-mission communications satellite for Pakistan.
◾️In 2018, China put two Pakistani satellites into orbit. PRSS-1, Pakistan's first optical remote sensing satellite, and PakTES-1A, a small observation vehicle.
#UPSC #PSC #prelims #currentaffairs #space