🔆National biopharma Mission and bio-agriculture
✅The National Biopharma Mission (NBM)-Innovate in India (i3), is a government-approved initiative led by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and implemented by BIRAC.
✅It aims to boost India’s capabilities in biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, biosimilars, medical devices, and diagnostics by fostering collaboration between industry and academia
#gs3
#prelims
✅The National Biopharma Mission (NBM)-Innovate in India (i3), is a government-approved initiative led by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and implemented by BIRAC.
✅It aims to boost India’s capabilities in biopharmaceuticals, vaccines, biosimilars, medical devices, and diagnostics by fostering collaboration between industry and academia
#gs3
#prelims
🔆 Public Distribution System (PDS)
📍 Eligibility
✅ Indian citizens only.
✅ BPL families.
✅ Families without a 15-59 age member.
✅ Families with disabled members (Pradhan Mantri Awas Gramin Yojana).
✅ Casual laborers or those without permanent jobs.
📍 Benefits
✅ BPL: 35 kg rice/wheat per month.
✅ Eligible BPL: 15 kg food grains per month.
✅ APL: Food grains at higher prices.
✅ Migrant workers: Access via ONORC.
📍 History & Overview
✅ Established in WWII as rationing.
✅ Relaunched as TPDS on 01-06-1997 for poverty focus.
📍 Ministry & Oversight
✅ Ministry: Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
✅ FCI: Procurement, storage, transport, bulk allocation.
✅ State Govts: Distribution via Fair Price Shops (FPS).
📍 Eligibility
✅ Indian citizens only.
✅ BPL families.
✅ Families without a 15-59 age member.
✅ Families with disabled members (Pradhan Mantri Awas Gramin Yojana).
✅ Casual laborers or those without permanent jobs.
📍 Benefits
✅ BPL: 35 kg rice/wheat per month.
✅ Eligible BPL: 15 kg food grains per month.
✅ APL: Food grains at higher prices.
✅ Migrant workers: Access via ONORC.
📍 History & Overview
✅ Established in WWII as rationing.
✅ Relaunched as TPDS on 01-06-1997 for poverty focus.
📍 Ministry & Oversight
✅ Ministry: Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution.
✅ FCI: Procurement, storage, transport, bulk allocation.
✅ State Govts: Distribution via Fair Price Shops (FPS).
🔆 Model Solar Village
📍 About:
✅ Aims to create one Model Solar Village per district across India.
📍 Structural Mandate:
✅ Nodal Agency: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
✅ Implementation: State/UT Renewable Energy Development Agency under the supervision of the District Level Committee (DLC).
📍 Aims and Objectives:
✅ Promote the comprehensive solarization of villages to meet their energy needs entirely through solar power, supporting sustainable and self-reliant energy solutions.
📍 Targeted Beneficiaries:
✅ Villages across India.
📍 Funding Mechanism:
✅ Total financial outlay of ₹800 crore allocated, providing ₹1 crore per selected Model Solar Village.
📍 Features:
✅ Implementation under PM-Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
✅ Solarize all households and public areas with lighting, water systems, pumps, and streetlights.
✅ One model solar village per district.
✅ Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of ₹1 crore per village based on a Detailed Project Report (DPR).
✅ Implemented by State Renewable Energy Development Agency (SREDA) or other nominated entities.
✅ Fund disbursement is structured as 40% on award of works, 40% after completion, and 20% after 6 months of operation.
📍 About:
✅ Aims to create one Model Solar Village per district across India.
📍 Structural Mandate:
✅ Nodal Agency: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
✅ Implementation: State/UT Renewable Energy Development Agency under the supervision of the District Level Committee (DLC).
📍 Aims and Objectives:
✅ Promote the comprehensive solarization of villages to meet their energy needs entirely through solar power, supporting sustainable and self-reliant energy solutions.
📍 Targeted Beneficiaries:
✅ Villages across India.
📍 Funding Mechanism:
✅ Total financial outlay of ₹800 crore allocated, providing ₹1 crore per selected Model Solar Village.
📍 Features:
✅ Implementation under PM-Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
✅ Solarize all households and public areas with lighting, water systems, pumps, and streetlights.
✅ One model solar village per district.
✅ Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of ₹1 crore per village based on a Detailed Project Report (DPR).
✅ Implemented by State Renewable Energy Development Agency (SREDA) or other nominated entities.
✅ Fund disbursement is structured as 40% on award of works, 40% after completion, and 20% after 6 months of operation.
🔆 Ravana Shaking Mount Kailasha - Ellora, Rashtrakuta Period
📍 Characteristics of the Sculpture:
✅ Scale and Grandeur:
- Carved into the side of a sheer rock face, reaching a height of approximately 30 meters (98 feet) and stretching over 40 meters (131 feet) in length.
- This impressive scale conveys the immense power and determination of Ravana.
✅ Dynamic Composition:
- The sculpture captures the chaos and energy of the scene, with Ravana’s muscular arms straining as he lifts Mount Kailasha, the abode of the gods.
- The swirling movement of the figures and the use of negative space add to the dynamism of the composition.
✅ Symbolic Elements:
- The sculpture is rich in symbolism, reflecting the Hindu worldview and the narrative of Ravana’s attempt to impress Shiva.
- The presence of celestial beings, animals, and mythical creatures adds to the mystical and otherworldly atmosphere of the scene.
#art_and_culture
📍 Characteristics of the Sculpture:
✅ Scale and Grandeur:
- Carved into the side of a sheer rock face, reaching a height of approximately 30 meters (98 feet) and stretching over 40 meters (131 feet) in length.
- This impressive scale conveys the immense power and determination of Ravana.
✅ Dynamic Composition:
- The sculpture captures the chaos and energy of the scene, with Ravana’s muscular arms straining as he lifts Mount Kailasha, the abode of the gods.
- The swirling movement of the figures and the use of negative space add to the dynamism of the composition.
✅ Symbolic Elements:
- The sculpture is rich in symbolism, reflecting the Hindu worldview and the narrative of Ravana’s attempt to impress Shiva.
- The presence of celestial beings, animals, and mythical creatures adds to the mystical and otherworldly atmosphere of the scene.
#art_and_culture
🔆 Coffee Board Launches GI-tagged Coffee Variants
📍 Overview
✅ The State-run Coffee Board has introduced single origin specialty brews in a Geographical Indication (GI)-tagged format for on-the-go brewing.
✅ The new product allows consumers to brew a fresh cup of coffee easily using drip bags of GI-tagged coffee.
📍 GI-Tagged Coffee Varieties
✅ The drip bags feature five GI-tagged Arabica varieties from regions such as Coorg, Bababudangiri, Chikmagalur, Araku Valley, and Monsooned Malabar.
✅ These coffees are sourced directly from growers and processed by the Coffee Board under the India Coffee Brand.
📍 Pricing and Availability
✅ The 12 drip bags (one per serving) are priced at ₹200 and are sold through e-commerce platforms like Amazon, Flipkart, and ONDC.
✅ The product is also marketed under the India Coffee Brand, making it available directly to consumers.
📍 Market Strategy
✅ The Coffee Board is focusing on both domestic and international markets, with plans to ship the coffee to countries where there is demand.
✅ This initiative aims to promote Indian coffee globally and ensure direct access to consumers
📍 Overview
✅ The State-run Coffee Board has introduced single origin specialty brews in a Geographical Indication (GI)-tagged format for on-the-go brewing.
✅ The new product allows consumers to brew a fresh cup of coffee easily using drip bags of GI-tagged coffee.
📍 GI-Tagged Coffee Varieties
✅ The drip bags feature five GI-tagged Arabica varieties from regions such as Coorg, Bababudangiri, Chikmagalur, Araku Valley, and Monsooned Malabar.
✅ These coffees are sourced directly from growers and processed by the Coffee Board under the India Coffee Brand.
📍 Pricing and Availability
✅ The 12 drip bags (one per serving) are priced at ₹200 and are sold through e-commerce platforms like Amazon, Flipkart, and ONDC.
✅ The product is also marketed under the India Coffee Brand, making it available directly to consumers.
📍 Market Strategy
✅ The Coffee Board is focusing on both domestic and international markets, with plans to ship the coffee to countries where there is demand.
✅ This initiative aims to promote Indian coffee globally and ensure direct access to consumers
🔆 Kursk Region Emergency Declared in Russia
📍 Context
✅ An emergency has been declared in Russia’s Kursk Region due to escalating tensions and attacks.
📍 Geographical Location
✅ Position: Located in the central part of the Eastern European Plain, adjacent to Ukraine.
✅ Encompasses: The Dnieper and Don river basins.
📍 Security Situation
✅ Armed militants have attacked Russia’s southern republic of Dagestan, highlighting the region's growing instability.
📍 Key Notes
✅ The Kursk region is a critical area in the context of the ongoing conflict in Eastern Europe, and this declaration comes as military tensions continue to rise.
📍 Context
✅ An emergency has been declared in Russia’s Kursk Region due to escalating tensions and attacks.
📍 Geographical Location
✅ Position: Located in the central part of the Eastern European Plain, adjacent to Ukraine.
✅ Encompasses: The Dnieper and Don river basins.
📍 Security Situation
✅ Armed militants have attacked Russia’s southern republic of Dagestan, highlighting the region's growing instability.
📍 Key Notes
✅ The Kursk region is a critical area in the context of the ongoing conflict in Eastern Europe, and this declaration comes as military tensions continue to rise.
*🛡️Evolution of Education Policy*
♟️University Education Commission (1948-49)
♟️Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)
♟️Education Commission (1964-66) under Dr. D.S. Kothari
♟️National Policy on Education, 1968
♟️42nd Constitutional Amendment,1976-Education in Concurrent List
♟️National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986
♟️NPE 1986 Modified in 1992 (Program of Action, 1992)
♟️T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee Report (27 May, 2016)
♟️Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee Report (31 May, 2019)
♟️New Education Policy 2020
♟️University Education Commission (1948-49)
♟️Secondary Education Commission (1952-53)
♟️Education Commission (1964-66) under Dr. D.S. Kothari
♟️National Policy on Education, 1968
♟️42nd Constitutional Amendment,1976-Education in Concurrent List
♟️National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986
♟️NPE 1986 Modified in 1992 (Program of Action, 1992)
♟️T.S.R. Subramaniam Committee Report (27 May, 2016)
♟️Dr. K. Kasturirangan Committee Report (31 May, 2019)
♟️New Education Policy 2020
*🛡️Impact of a Falling Rupee*
💎 *Mnemonic:* " *CRISIS* "- Rupee Depreciation Triggers an Economic CRISIS!
♟️ *C* - *Costlier Imports –* Crude oil, electronics, and raw materials become expensive.
♟️ *R* - *Rising Inflation –* Businesses pass higher import costs to consumers.
♟️ *I* - *Investor Flight –* Foreign investors withdraw capital from Indian markets.
♟️ *S* - *Shrinking Export Gains –* Inflation-driven input costs negate export benefits.
♟️ *I -* *Increasing Debt Burden –* Foreign debt becomes expensive, raising repayment costs.
♟️ *S*- *Stock Market Volatility –* Economic uncertainty reduces foreign investments.
💎 *Mnemonic:* " *CRISIS* "- Rupee Depreciation Triggers an Economic CRISIS!
♟️ *C* - *Costlier Imports –* Crude oil, electronics, and raw materials become expensive.
♟️ *R* - *Rising Inflation –* Businesses pass higher import costs to consumers.
♟️ *I* - *Investor Flight –* Foreign investors withdraw capital from Indian markets.
♟️ *S* - *Shrinking Export Gains –* Inflation-driven input costs negate export benefits.
♟️ *I -* *Increasing Debt Burden –* Foreign debt becomes expensive, raising repayment costs.
♟️ *S*- *Stock Market Volatility –* Economic uncertainty reduces foreign investments.
*🛡️Ramganga*
♟️Rises in Garhwal district of UK.
♟️River deflects to the South west by shiwaliks.
♟️Emerge in Ganga plain in Najibabad.
♟️The Khoh, the Gangan, the Aril, the Kosi, and the Deoha (Gorra) are important tributaries of Ramganga.
♟️Joins River Ganga in Hardoi district opposite of Kannauj.
♟️Rises in Garhwal district of UK.
♟️River deflects to the South west by shiwaliks.
♟️Emerge in Ganga plain in Najibabad.
♟️The Khoh, the Gangan, the Aril, the Kosi, and the Deoha (Gorra) are important tributaries of Ramganga.
♟️Joins River Ganga in Hardoi district opposite of Kannauj.
*🛡️Enforcement Directorate (ED)*
♟️It is a multi-disciplinary organization mandated with the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.
♟️It was established in 1956 as an ‘Enforcement Unit’ under the Department of Economic Affairs. Later, in 1957, this unit was renamed the ‘Enforcement Directorate’.
♟️It is under the administrative control of the Department of Revenue (under the Ministry of Finance) for operational purposes.
♟️ED is responsible for enforcement of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), and Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).
♟️ED has the power to attach the assets of the culprits found guilty of the violation of FEMA.
♟️It has also been empowered to undertake, search, seizure, arrest, prosecution action, and survey, etc. against the offences committed under PMLA.
♟️Appointment of Director of ED: The ED Director is appointed by the central government on the recommendation of a committee: chaired by the Central Vigilance Commissioner and members comprising of Vigilance Commissioners, Home Secretary, Secretary DOPT and Revenue Secretary.
♟️It is a multi-disciplinary organization mandated with the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.
♟️It was established in 1956 as an ‘Enforcement Unit’ under the Department of Economic Affairs. Later, in 1957, this unit was renamed the ‘Enforcement Directorate’.
♟️It is under the administrative control of the Department of Revenue (under the Ministry of Finance) for operational purposes.
♟️ED is responsible for enforcement of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), and Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018 (FEOA).
♟️ED has the power to attach the assets of the culprits found guilty of the violation of FEMA.
♟️It has also been empowered to undertake, search, seizure, arrest, prosecution action, and survey, etc. against the offences committed under PMLA.
♟️Appointment of Director of ED: The ED Director is appointed by the central government on the recommendation of a committee: chaired by the Central Vigilance Commissioner and members comprising of Vigilance Commissioners, Home Secretary, Secretary DOPT and Revenue Secretary.