🔆The article analyzes Beijing's successful efforts to reduce air pollution and draws parallels with Delhi's situation.
Key Points:
📍Beijing's Success:
✅Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
✅Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
✅Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
📍Delhi's Challenges:
✅Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
✅Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
✅Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
✅Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
📍Lessons for Delhi:
✅Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
✅Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
✅Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment
Key Points:
📍Beijing's Success:
✅Significant reduction in air pollution levels between 2013 and 2017.
✅Coordinated efforts across multiple sectors, including transport, industry, and energy.
Stricter regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns.
✅Substantial financial investment in pollution control measures.
📍Delhi's Challenges:
✅Similar air pollution levels to Beijing in 2015.
✅Need for comprehensive and integrated approach to tackle pollution.
✅Importance of regional cooperation to address transboundary pollution.
✅Political will and sustained efforts required for long-term impact.
📍Lessons for Delhi:
✅Prioritize public transport and reduce reliance on private vehicles.
✅Improve industrial emissions standards and enforce regulations.
✅Invest in renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures.
#science_and_technology #GS3 #environment
Polar Geoengineering
In News
• Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
• Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect
Technique⚙️?
• Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
• Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims
In News
• Arctic sea ice has shrunk by 95% since the 1980s(NSIDC)
• Ice loss fuels global warming through a "doom loop" effect
Technique⚙️?
• Pump seawater onto ice to freeze it, adding thickness
• Remove insulating snow to promote ice growth
#science_and_technology #prelims
👍2
🔆Nano-plastics identified as emerging agents in spread of antibiotic resistance
Nanoplastics derived from single-use plastic bottles (SUPBs) contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance
(AR), shows a new study, underscoring an unrecognized public health risk
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
Nanoplastics derived from single-use plastic bottles (SUPBs) contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance
(AR), shows a new study, underscoring an unrecognized public health risk
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology
🔆Manganese:
✅Manganese is the fifth-most abundant metal on earth that exists in the form of oxides, carbonates and silicates.
✅It is present in water, soil and rock as a naturally occurring component.
Properties
✅It is too brittle to be of much use as a pure metal. It is mainly used in alloys, such as steel.
✅Its minerals are widely distributed, with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) and rhodochrosite (manganese carbonate) being the most common.
✅It somewhat resembles iron in general chemical activity.
✅It oxidizes superficially in air and rusts in moist air.
✅It is obtained by reducing the oxide with sodium, magnesium or aluminium, or by the electrolysis of manganese sulfate.
✅Its ores are primarily found in Australia, South Africa, China, Gabon and Brazil.
✅It is essential for the growth of plants and is also involved in the assimilation of nitrates in plants and algae.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology@thegameoftoppers
✅Manganese is the fifth-most abundant metal on earth that exists in the form of oxides, carbonates and silicates.
✅It is present in water, soil and rock as a naturally occurring component.
Properties
✅It is too brittle to be of much use as a pure metal. It is mainly used in alloys, such as steel.
✅Its minerals are widely distributed, with pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) and rhodochrosite (manganese carbonate) being the most common.
✅It somewhat resembles iron in general chemical activity.
✅It oxidizes superficially in air and rusts in moist air.
✅It is obtained by reducing the oxide with sodium, magnesium or aluminium, or by the electrolysis of manganese sulfate.
✅Its ores are primarily found in Australia, South Africa, China, Gabon and Brazil.
✅It is essential for the growth of plants and is also involved in the assimilation of nitrates in plants and algae.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology@thegameoftoppers
🔆GPS Spoofing:
✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals.
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.
📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?
✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology #science@thegameoftoppers
✅GPS spoofing, also known as GPS simulation, refers to the practice of manipulating or tricking a GPS receiver by broadcasting false GPS signals.
✅Essentially, it misleads the GPS receiver into believing it is located somewhere it is not, resulting in the device providing inaccurate location data.
✅This form of cyberattack undermines the reliability of GPS data, which is vital for a variety of applications, from navigation to time synchronization and more.
📍How Does GPS Spoofing Work?
✅It exploits the inherent vulnerabilities in the GPS infrastructure – the weak signal strength of GPS satellites.
✅The Global Positioning System (GPS) functions by sending signals from satellites to GPS receivers on Earth.
✅These receivers then calculate their position based on the time it takes for these signals to arrive.
✅However, due to the weak signal strength of the GPS satellites, these signals can be easily overwhelmed by fake signals, resulting in inaccurate location data on the receiving device.
✅Typically, a GPS spoofer begins by acquiring a basic understanding of the victim’s GPS setup, including the types of signals it uses and how they are processed.
✅With that information, the attacker then sends counterfeit GPS signals that mimic the real ones.
✅These fake signals are stronger, causing the receiver to recognize them as authentic signals.
✅As a result, the victim’s GPS receiver ends up processing these counterfeit signals, leading to erroneous location information.
#gs3
#prelims
#science_technology #science@thegameoftoppers
😁2
🔆Molecular Motors
✅Scientists at the National Centre for Biological Sciences have found a new type of molecular motor that could be used in life science and medicine.
📍Molecular Motor:
✅Molecular motors are a class of proteins that drive intracellular trafficking by converting chemical energy to mechanical work along cytoskeletal filaments.
✅Molecular motor proteins are essential for muscle contraction and the movement of cilia and flagella. These structures allow cells to move and transport substances.
✅Research on molecular motors has led to the development of potential new drugs that can improve heart function
✅The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules and filaments, which give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts.
#science_and_technology
✅Scientists at the National Centre for Biological Sciences have found a new type of molecular motor that could be used in life science and medicine.
📍Molecular Motor:
✅Molecular motors are a class of proteins that drive intracellular trafficking by converting chemical energy to mechanical work along cytoskeletal filaments.
✅Molecular motor proteins are essential for muscle contraction and the movement of cilia and flagella. These structures allow cells to move and transport substances.
✅Research on molecular motors has led to the development of potential new drugs that can improve heart function
✅The cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microtubules and filaments, which give the cell its shape and help organize the cell's parts.
#science_and_technology
🔆 World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)
📍 Context:
✅ WOAH has released its Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents for Animal Use.
📍 About WOAH:
✅ Purpose: Promotes global animal health, welfare, and transparency regarding animal diseases.
✅ Genesis: Founded in 1924 as Office International des Epizooties, renamed WOAH in 2003.
✅ Members: 183 countries, including India since 1924.
✅ Headquarters: Paris, France.
📍 Key Focus Areas:
✅ Identified 117 illnesses, including 50+ wildlife diseases impacting livestock, public health, and wildlife.
✅ Zoonoses: Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
✅ Recognized by WTO as the authority on international animal health standards and zoonoses.
#science_and_technology
📍 Context:
✅ WOAH has released its Annual Report on Antimicrobial Agents for Animal Use.
📍 About WOAH:
✅ Purpose: Promotes global animal health, welfare, and transparency regarding animal diseases.
✅ Genesis: Founded in 1924 as Office International des Epizooties, renamed WOAH in 2003.
✅ Members: 183 countries, including India since 1924.
✅ Headquarters: Paris, France.
📍 Key Focus Areas:
✅ Identified 117 illnesses, including 50+ wildlife diseases impacting livestock, public health, and wildlife.
✅ Zoonoses: Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
✅ Recognized by WTO as the authority on international animal health standards and zoonoses.
#science_and_technology
🔆 Endosymbiotic Theory
📍 Context
✅ Recent research on nitrogen fixation and nitroplast has renewed interest in the endosymbiotic theory.
📍 About Endosymbiotic Theory
✅ The Endosymbiotic Theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals) evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells.
✅ According to this theory, certain organelles in eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free-living prokaryotic cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with a host cell.
#science_and_technology
📍 Context
✅ Recent research on nitrogen fixation and nitroplast has renewed interest in the endosymbiotic theory.
📍 About Endosymbiotic Theory
✅ The Endosymbiotic Theory explains how complex eukaryotic cells (like those in plants and animals) evolved from simpler prokaryotic cells.
✅ According to this theory, certain organelles in eukaryotic cells (like mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free-living prokaryotic cells that formed a symbiotic relationship with a host cell.
#science_and_technology
🔳 Sansad Bhashaani initiative will revolutionise parliamentary documentation and accessibility through AI and real-time translation
◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
◾️In a major step towards modernising parliamentary procedures, the Lok Sabha Secretariat and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to develop the Sansad Bhashaani initiative.
◾️It is designed to integrate AI-powered tools that will facilitate multilingual support, optimize documentation, and improve overall parliamentary operations.
◾️The initiative will deploy cutting-edge AI applications such as real-time speech-to-text transcription, speech-to-speech translation, and interactive AI chatbots.
◾️These technologies will ensure seamless translation of parliamentary debates, committee reports, and legislative documents into multiple Indian languages, thereby fostering inclusivity and broader public engagement.
#UPSC #PSC #currentaffairs #prelims #polity #science_and_technology
🔆 Sushruta Samhita: Ancient Text on Surgery
📍 Overview
✅ Relates to the school of surgery, providing essential principles for medical and surgical practices.
✅ Contains descriptions of over 100 surgical instruments, operative procedures, 650 drugs, and key aspects of anatomy, embryology, toxicology, and therapeutics.
📍 Sections of the Sushruta Samhita
✅ Sutrasthana: Deals with the primary principles of medical sciences and pharmacology.
✅ Nidana: Focuses on pathological concepts.
✅ Sarirasthana: Describes human anatomy.
✅ Chikitsasthanam: Covers medical and surgical management.
✅ Kalpasthanam: Provides insights on toxicology.
#science_and_technology
📍 Overview
✅ Relates to the school of surgery, providing essential principles for medical and surgical practices.
✅ Contains descriptions of over 100 surgical instruments, operative procedures, 650 drugs, and key aspects of anatomy, embryology, toxicology, and therapeutics.
📍 Sections of the Sushruta Samhita
✅ Sutrasthana: Deals with the primary principles of medical sciences and pharmacology.
✅ Nidana: Focuses on pathological concepts.
✅ Sarirasthana: Describes human anatomy.
✅ Chikitsasthanam: Covers medical and surgical management.
✅ Kalpasthanam: Provides insights on toxicology.
#science_and_technology