✅Do You know Difference Between these Terms


- Govt Debt
- Public Debt
-General Govt Debt
-Gross External Debt
-Sovereign External Debt
-Government Liabilities

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🔥 Jnanpith Awards

Award Significance:
-Recognized as the highest literary award in India.
-Acknowledges contributions to Indian literature in English and languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution.

Award Details:
-Cash prize of ₹11 lakhs.
-A citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi (Saraswati), the goddess of learning.
-Sponsored by Bharatiya Jnanpith, established in 1944.

Historical Context:
-First awarded in 1965, established in 1961.
-Exclusively for Indian citizens.
-Not awarded posthumously.

2023 Award Specifics:
-58th edition of the annual award.
-Second time awarded for Sanskrit literature- Jagadguru Rambhadracharya.
-Fifth time awarded for Urdu literature - Gulzar.

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✅Renewable Energy Certificates (REC) : RECs are a market-based instrument which certifies that holder of REC owns one megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity generated from a renewable energy resource.

Why in news : Recently, sales of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) rose over 79 % to 8.38 lakh units in March compared to 4.68 lakh in the same month a year ago owing to good supply.

About REC :
● RECs are proof that energy has been generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind power.
● When someone purchases RECs, renewable energy is generated on his behalf.
● RECs also known as Green tag, Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Renewable Energy Credits.
● RECs are traded on two power exchanges — Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) and Power Exchange of India (PXIL).
● Under Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) bulk purchasers are required to buy a certain proportion of RECs.

Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) : it is a mandate that requires large power procurers to buy a predetermined fraction of their electricity from renewable sources.


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🔗Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES)

-Survey Release: NSO disclosed All India Household Consumption Expenditure Survey findings for August 2022-July 2023 after 11 years.

-Purpose: Data crucial for GDP, poverty, and CPI analysis.

-Frequency: NSO's 5-year survey; 2017-18 results not released due to data quality.

-Growth: Urban MPCE up 33.5% to ₹3,510; rural up 40.42% to ₹2,008 since 2011-12.

-Food Expenditure Drop: Rural at 46.4%, urban at 39.2%, impacting inflation metrics.

Imputed Values: The MPCE figures exclude imputed values of items received free of cost through social welfare programs.

Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): Distribution: Wide gap between bottom 5% and top 5% in both rural and urban areas.

Regional MPCE: Highest in Sikkim, lowest in Chhattisgarh.

Credit / Source - The Hindu