Forwarded from TARGET S&T SHOTS
India’s Forex Reserve include
Foreign Currency Assets
Gold reserves
Special Drawing Rights
Reserve position with the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Foreign Currency Assets
Gold reserves
Special Drawing Rights
Reserve position with the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
SDR
The SDR is neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members. SDRs can be exchanged for these currencies.
The SDR serves as the unit of account of the IMF and some other international organizations.
The SDR basket of currencies includes the U.S. dollar, Euro, Japanese yen, pound sterling and the Chinese renminbi (included in 2016).
The SDR currency value is calculated daily (except on IMF holidays or whenever the IMF is closed for business) and the valuation basket is reviewed and adjusted every five years.
Quota (the amount contributed to the IMF) of a country is denominated (expressed) in SDRs
The SDR is neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF. Rather, it is a potential claim on the freely usable currencies of IMF members. SDRs can be exchanged for these currencies.
The SDR serves as the unit of account of the IMF and some other international organizations.
The SDR basket of currencies includes the U.S. dollar, Euro, Japanese yen, pound sterling and the Chinese renminbi (included in 2016).
The SDR currency value is calculated daily (except on IMF holidays or whenever the IMF is closed for business) and the valuation basket is reviewed and adjusted every five years.
Quota (the amount contributed to the IMF) of a country is denominated (expressed) in SDRs
Voluntary Retention Route (VRR) scheme
The VRR scheme is aimed at attracting long-term and stable FPI investments into debt markets.
Investments through the route will be free of the regulatory norms applicable to FPI investments in debt markets, provided investors maintain a minimum share of their investments for a fixed period.
VRR Scheme has a minimum retention period of three years and investors need to maintain a minimum of 75% of their investments in India.
FPIs registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) are eligible to voluntarily invest through the route in government and corporate bonds.
The VRR scheme is aimed at attracting long-term and stable FPI investments into debt markets.
Investments through the route will be free of the regulatory norms applicable to FPI investments in debt markets, provided investors maintain a minimum share of their investments for a fixed period.
VRR Scheme has a minimum retention period of three years and investors need to maintain a minimum of 75% of their investments in India.
FPIs registered with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) are eligible to voluntarily invest through the route in government and corporate bonds.
V-Shaped Recovery
A V-shaped recovery is characterized by a sharp economic decline followed by a quick and sustained recovery.
#Economics
A V-shaped recovery is characterized by a sharp economic decline followed by a quick and sustained recovery.
#Economics
Purchasing Managers' Index
Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is an indicator of business activity - both in the manufacturing and services sectors.
It is calculated separately for the manufacturing and services sectors and then a composite index is also constructed.
The PMI summarizes whether market conditions as viewed by purchasing managers are expanding, neutral, or contracting.
The purpose of the PMI is to provide information about current and future business conditions to company decision makers, analysts, and investors.
The PMI is a number from 0 to 100.
PMI above 50 represents an expansion when compared to the previous month;
PMI under 50 represents a contraction, and
A reading at 50 indicates no change.
Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) is an indicator of business activity - both in the manufacturing and services sectors.
It is calculated separately for the manufacturing and services sectors and then a composite index is also constructed.
The PMI summarizes whether market conditions as viewed by purchasing managers are expanding, neutral, or contracting.
The purpose of the PMI is to provide information about current and future business conditions to company decision makers, analysts, and investors.
The PMI is a number from 0 to 100.
PMI above 50 represents an expansion when compared to the previous month;
PMI under 50 represents a contraction, and
A reading at 50 indicates no change.
Farm-To-Port Project:
▪️The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia had decided to use India as a base to address their food security concerns.
🔺To implement this, India has announced a Farm-To-Port Project.
It is similar to a special economic zone but in the style of a corporatized farm, where crops would be grown keeping in mind the requirements of the UAE and Saudi Arabia’s market.
#Pre_2020
▪️The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia had decided to use India as a base to address their food security concerns.
🔺To implement this, India has announced a Farm-To-Port Project.
It is similar to a special economic zone but in the style of a corporatized farm, where crops would be grown keeping in mind the requirements of the UAE and Saudi Arabia’s market.
#Pre_2020
New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1(blaNDM-1)
▪️New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1(blaNDM-1) is Antibiotic-Resistant Gene (ARG) which results in multi-drug resistance (MDR) in microorganisms.
🔺Superbug gene, ‘blaNDM-1’ has a strong resistance mechanism as it produces an enzyme called New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1.
▪️British scientists found the superbug -blaNDM-1 in New Delhi's public water supply.
🔺Since then, the resistant gene has been found in over 100 countries, including new variants.
▪️The NDM-1 gene causes bacteria to produce an enzyme called a carbapenemase.
🔺Carbapenemase renders many preferred types of antibiotic ineffective, including carbapenems.
#Pre_2020
▪️New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1(blaNDM-1) is Antibiotic-Resistant Gene (ARG) which results in multi-drug resistance (MDR) in microorganisms.
🔺Superbug gene, ‘blaNDM-1’ has a strong resistance mechanism as it produces an enzyme called New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1.
▪️British scientists found the superbug -blaNDM-1 in New Delhi's public water supply.
🔺Since then, the resistant gene has been found in over 100 countries, including new variants.
▪️The NDM-1 gene causes bacteria to produce an enzyme called a carbapenemase.
🔺Carbapenemase renders many preferred types of antibiotic ineffective, including carbapenems.
#Pre_2020
Carbapenems:
▪️Carbapenems are a class of highly effective antibiotic agents commonly used for the treatment of severe or high-risk bacterial infections.
▪️This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.
#Pre_2020
▪️Carbapenems are a class of highly effective antibiotic agents commonly used for the treatment of severe or high-risk bacterial infections.
▪️This class of antibiotics is usually reserved for known or suspected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.
#Pre_2020
Micro Enterprise : An annual turnover less than Rs 5 crores.
Small Enterprise : An annual turnover between Rs 5 crores and Rs 75 crores.
Medium Enterprise: An annual turnover less than Rs 250 crores
#New definition of MSME
Small Enterprise : An annual turnover between Rs 5 crores and Rs 75 crores.
Medium Enterprise: An annual turnover less than Rs 250 crores
#New definition of MSME
Subsidiary system - Lord Wellesley
Mahalwari settlement in Northern India Mackenzie
Local Government Lord Ripon
Ryotwari settlement: Thomas Munro
#History #Prelim2020
Mahalwari settlement in Northern India Mackenzie
Local Government Lord Ripon
Ryotwari settlement: Thomas Munro
#History #Prelim2020
Basic structure of the Indian Constitution:
▪️In the Shankari Prasad case (1951), the Supreme Court ruled that the power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution under Article 368 also includes the power to amend Fundamental Rights.
▪️In the Golak Nath case (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fundamental Rights are given a ‘transcendental and immutable’ position and hence, the Parliament cannot abridge or take away any of these rights.
▪️In the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court overruled its judgement in the Golak Nath case (1967). The Supreme Court formulated the concept of ‘basic structure’, it ruled that the constituent power of Parliament under Article 368 does not enable it to alter the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution.
▪️This means that the Parliament cannot abridge or take away a Fundamental Right that forms a part of the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution.
#Pre_2020
▪️In the Shankari Prasad case (1951), the Supreme Court ruled that the power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution under Article 368 also includes the power to amend Fundamental Rights.
▪️In the Golak Nath case (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that the Fundamental Rights are given a ‘transcendental and immutable’ position and hence, the Parliament cannot abridge or take away any of these rights.
▪️In the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court overruled its judgement in the Golak Nath case (1967). The Supreme Court formulated the concept of ‘basic structure’, it ruled that the constituent power of Parliament under Article 368 does not enable it to alter the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution.
▪️This means that the Parliament cannot abridge or take away a Fundamental Right that forms a part of the ‘basic structure’ of the Constitution.
#Pre_2020
299/- offer for those subscribed for round 1 and first 500
Earth Day Network
Earth Day Network is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.
EDN main office is located in Washington DC, USA.
#targetshots
Earth Day Network is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to diversify, educate and activate the environmental movement worldwide.
EDN main office is located in Washington DC, USA.
#targetshots
22 March: World Water Day
22 April: Earth Day
22 May : World Biodiversity Day
Recently the Earth Hour was observed on 28th March, 2020. It encourages people to switch off the lights from 8.30 pm to 9.30 pm as per their local time.
22 April: Earth Day
22 May : World Biodiversity Day
Recently the Earth Hour was observed on 28th March, 2020. It encourages people to switch off the lights from 8.30 pm to 9.30 pm as per their local time.
Blood Disorder
A blood disorder is any condition that impacts one or more parts of the blood, usually interfering with its ability to work correctly.
Blood disorder can be categorised as Common Blood Disorder like anaemia and Rare Blood Disorder like thalassemia.
Types of Blood Disorder
Blood Disorders Affecting Red Blood Cells like Anemia, Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency), Aplastic anemia, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia etc.
Blood disorders that affect White Blood Cells like Lymphoma, Leukemia, Multiple myeloma.
Blood Disorders Affecting Blood Plasma like hemophilia
Blood Disorders Affecting Platelets like thrombocytopenia.
#targetshots
A blood disorder is any condition that impacts one or more parts of the blood, usually interfering with its ability to work correctly.
Blood disorder can be categorised as Common Blood Disorder like anaemia and Rare Blood Disorder like thalassemia.
Types of Blood Disorder
Blood Disorders Affecting Red Blood Cells like Anemia, Pernicious anemia (B12 deficiency), Aplastic anemia, Autoimmune hemolytic anemia etc.
Blood disorders that affect White Blood Cells like Lymphoma, Leukemia, Multiple myeloma.
Blood Disorders Affecting Blood Plasma like hemophilia
Blood Disorders Affecting Platelets like thrombocytopenia.
#targetshots
e-Raktkosh Portal
e-Raktkosh portal is a Centralized Blood Bank Management System.
It is a comprehensive IT solution to standardize and streamline the standard operating procedures, guidelines and workflow of blood banks across the nation.
It was inaugurated on 7th April 2016 by then Minister of Health and Family Welfare (MoHWFW)
It enforces Drug & Cosmetic Act, National blood policy standards and guidelines ensuring proper management of blood.
#targetshots
e-Raktkosh portal is a Centralized Blood Bank Management System.
It is a comprehensive IT solution to standardize and streamline the standard operating procedures, guidelines and workflow of blood banks across the nation.
It was inaugurated on 7th April 2016 by then Minister of Health and Family Welfare (MoHWFW)
It enforces Drug & Cosmetic Act, National blood policy standards and guidelines ensuring proper management of blood.
#targetshots