تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Blood

Lecture: 5
Part2: therapy of hyperlipidemia

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

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تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Blood chapter

✅Anticogulant drugs

✅fibrinolytic drugs

✅immunomodulatory agents

✅therapy of hyperlipidemia (part1)

✅therapy of hyperlipidemia (part2)

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

#Pharmacy

#Hematology

#Tafreghat

#شمال_غزه_يموت_جوعا 🇵🇸

كل ما تريد معرفته عن حقن ®️Prolia

🔍 What is Prolia?
Prolia (denosumab) is a medication used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at high risk of fractures.
It is a monoclonal antibody that works by inhibiting a protein involved in bone resorption.

💉 How is it administered?
Prolia is given as a subcutaneous injection every six months.
This biannual administration helps maintain consistent levels of the medication in the body.

🛡️ Mechanism of Action:
Prolia targets and binds to RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor Kappa-B Ligand), a protein that signals bone removal.
By inhibiting RANKL, Prolia reduces bone breakdown and increases bone density.

⚠️ Side Effects:
Common side effects of Prolia include back pain, pain in extremities, musculoskeletal pain, high cholesterol, and urinary bladder infections.
Severe side effects can include hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), serious infections, and osteonecrosis of the jaw.

📝 Clinical Studies:
Clinical trials have shown that Prolia significantly reduces the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures in individuals with osteoporosis.
It has been proven effective in increasing bone mass and strength.

🔗 Considerations and Contraindications:
Prolia is not recommended for individuals with hypocalcemia, and calcium levels should be corrected before starting treatment. Patients should ensure adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D during therapy.

🌐 Reference ➡️ EMA

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IV fluids 🏨

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إيه المقصود بـ
Angular cheilitis❓

🦠 Causes: Angular cheilitis is often caused by a fungal or bacterial infection.
It occurs when saliva accumulates in the corners of the mouth, creating a moist environment conducive to microbial growth.

🤕 Symptoms: The condition presents as red, swollen patches in the corners of the mouth.
These areas may be painful, cracked, and may even bleed. In severe cases, ulcers or crusts can form.

🧬 Risk Factors: Individuals with certain conditions like diabetes, a weakened immune system, or nutritional deficiencies (such as iron or vitamin B deficiencies) are at higher risk.
Additionally, wearing dentures or having habits that keep the corners of the mouth moist, such as frequent licking of the lips, can contribute to the development of angular cheilitis.

💊 Treatment: Treatment usually involves topical antifungal or antibacterial creams to address the infection.
In some cases, addressing underlying conditions like nutritional deficiencies or adjusting dentures may be necessary.
Keeping the area dry and applying emollients can also aid in healing.

🌿 Prevention: Good oral hygiene, ensuring dentures fit properly, and avoiding excessive lip licking can help prevent angular cheilitis.
Maintaining a balanced diet to avoid deficiencies in iron and B vitamins is also beneficial.

🌐 Reference ➡️ Mayo clinic

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كل ما تريد معرفته عن

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)

🌟 What is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of genetic disorders affecting the connective tissues that support the skin, bones, blood vessels, and many other organs and tissues.

🧬 Types of EDS
There are 13 major types of EDS, each with its own set of symptoms and genetic causes. The most common types are hypermobile EDS (hEDS), classical EDS (cEDS), and vascular EDS (vEDS).

🩺 Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely but often include hypermobile joints, stretchy skin, and fragile tissues. Some types may lead to more severe issues like heart problems or organ rupture.

🔬 Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical exams, patient history, and genetic testing. Specific criteria and tests are used to distinguish between the different types of EDS.

💊 Treatment
There is no cure for EDS, but treatments can help manage symptoms. These may include physical therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery to repair damaged tissues.

📚 Living with EDS
Living with EDS can be challenging, requiring lifestyle adjustments and ongoing medical care. Support groups and counseling can be beneficial for managing the emotional and physical aspects of the condition.

🌐 Reference ➡️ Cleveland clinic

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إيه الفرق بين
Vonoprazan 🆚 PPI❓

🧩 Mechanism of Action: Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) that inhibits the gastric H+,K+-ATPase enzyme, leading to a more rapid and sustained acid suppression compared to PPIs, which irreversibly bind to the H+,K+-ATPase enzyme but require activation in an acidic environment to exert their effect.

⏰ Onset of Action: Vonoprazan has a faster onset of action, often achieving significant acid suppression within hours, whereas PPIs may take several days to reach maximum efficacy. This rapid action makes vonoprazan particularly useful for acute symptom relief.

🔻 Efficacy in Acid Suppression: Studies have shown that vonoprazan provides superior acid suppression compared to PPIs, maintaining higher intragastric pH levels for a longer duration. This can lead to better healing rates for conditions like erosive esophagitis and peptic ulcers.

✨ Drug Stability: Vonoprazan is stable at a wide range of pH levels, unlike PPIs that can be degraded in acidic environments, necessitating enteric coating for PPIs to prevent breakdown before reaching the small intestine.

🌟 Tolerance and Side Effects: Both vonoprazan and PPIs are generally well-tolerated. However, long-term PPI use has been associated with various adverse effects like increased risk of bone fractures, kidney disease, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Vonoprazan's long-term safety profile is still being studied, but early data suggests a potentially lower risk for some of these adverse effects.

🏨 Clinical Applications: Vonoprazan is particularly beneficial for patients who do not respond adequately to PPIs, those requiring rapid symptom relief, and in treating Helicobacter pylori infections where it has shown higher eradication rates compared to PPIs when used in combination therapy.

🌐 Reference ➡️ Medscape

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