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Foreign Accent Syndrome

📋 Definition: (FAS) is a rare speech disorder where a person suddenly speaks with an accent that is perceived as foreign to listeners.

🧠 Causes: FAS can be caused by brain injuries, strokes, or neurological conditions affecting the language center of the brain.

🗣️ Symptoms: Individuals with FAS may experience changes in intonation, rhythm, and pronunciation, making their speech sound like a different accent.

😮 Perception: Listeners may perceive the affected person as speaking with an accent from a particular country, although the accent may not match any specific dialect accurately.

😔 Psychological Impact: FAS can lead to frustration, embarrassment, and difficulties in communication for the affected individual.

💊 Treatment: There is no specific treatment for FAS, but speech therapy and neurological rehabilitation may help improve speech patterns and communication skills.

📚 Research: Ongoing research aims to better understand the underlying mechanisms of FAS and develop effective interventions.

📚 Reference:
➡️ Clevelandclinic

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إيه الأدوية الي ممكن تعمل False positive في تحليل المخدرات؟

⚠️ Medications That Can Cause False Positives on a Urine Drug Test

* Opioids & Opiates:
* Quinolone antibiotics (Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin): Might show up as opiates.

* Antipsychotics (Quetiapine): May appear as methadone in some tests.
* Over-the-counter antihistamines (Diphenhydramine): Could appear as opiates in certain tests.

* Amphetamines:
* ADHD medications (Methylphenidate): Can cause false positives for amphetamines.

* Antidepressants (Bupropion, Fluoxetine): Might trigger false-positive amphetamine results.

* Beta blockers (Labetalol): Could show up as amphetamines in some tests.

* Diet pills (Phentermine): Known to cause false positives for amphetamines.

* THC (Marijuana):
* Cannabinoid medications (Dronabinol): Contains THC, leading to positive results for marijuana.

* Cocaine:
* Local anesthetics (Lidocaine containing benzocaine): Might create false-positive cocaine results.

Other Potential Interferences:

* Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin): In high doses, rarely cause false-positive opiates.

* Dextromethorphan (Robitussin, Delsym): Can trigger false positives for other substances depending on the test.

📚 Reference ➡️ Drugscom

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تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Endocrine

Lecture 5️⃣

Part1: Glucocorticoids

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

#Pharmacy

#Endocrine

#Tafreghat

#غزه_تنتصر  🇵🇸

تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Endocrine

Lecture 6️⃣

Part2: Glucocorticoids

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

#Pharmacy

#Endocrine

#Tafreghat

#غزه_تنتصر  🇵🇸

تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Endocrine

Lecture 7️⃣

Pharmacology of sex hormones

Part1: physiology of menstrual cycle

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

#Pharmacy

#Endocrine

#Tafreghat

#غزه_تنتصر  🇵🇸

تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Endocrine

Lecture 8

Pharmacology of sex hormones

Part2: sex hormones & contraceptive pills

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

#Pharmacy

#Endocrine

#Tafreghat

#غزه_تنتصر  🇵🇸

تفريغ د عبد المتعال فودة Endocrine

Lecture 9

Pharmacology of sex hormones

Part3: Anti-estrogin & Anti-progestins

By Dr Maymounah
"من إستفاد فلا ينسى الشهيد أبو آية بدعوة صادقة"

#Pharmacy

#Endocrine

#Tafreghat

#غزه_تنتصر  🇵🇸

#quiz
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#quiz
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إيه الفرق بين
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
🆚 Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)?

📋 The key differences between Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA):

Joint Involvement:

* RA: Multiple joints, often symmetrical (both sides affected equally).
Think of a mirror image where both sides have matching joint pain. 🪞
* PsA: Fewer joints, often asymmetrical (one side affected more than the other). Imagine pain like a party happening on just one side of your joints .

Symptoms:

* RA: Pain, stiffness, swelling, and warmth in the joints, often worse in the mornings. ☀️
* PsA: Pain, stiffness, swelling, and sometimes sausage-like swelling in fingers and toes. ️

Cause:

* RA: Autoimmune disease - the body's immune system attacks healthy tissues in the joints. ‍⚔️
* PsA: Exact cause unknown, but linked to genetics and psoriasis (a skin condition).

Diagnosis:

* RA: Blood tests (rheumatoid factor & CCP antibodies) and X-rays. Blood tests check for specific markers, and X-rays show joint damage. 🩻
* PsA: No single test, diagnosis based on symptoms, X-rays, and sometimes MRI scans. 🩻

Treatment:

* RA: Medications to slow disease progression and manage symptoms (like pain relievers & DMARDs). 💊
* PsA: Similar to RA, with additional options for skin symptoms if present.

Reference ➡️ Pubmed 🌐

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إيه المقصود بالـAquagenic urticaria؟

🌊 Aquagenic urticaria is a rare condition characterized by the development of hives (urticaria) upon contact with water, regardless of its temperature.

🔥 Symptoms typically include itching, redness, and hives appearing on the skin shortly after contact with water, which can range from mild to severe.

❄️ The exact cause of aquagenic urticaria is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an abnormal immune response to water or certain substances in water.

🌿 Treatment options for aquagenic urticaria may include antihistamines to reduce itching and hives, as well as avoidance of water contact when possible.

☔ Managing aquagenic urticaria can be challenging, and individuals with this condition may require ongoing support and adaptation to minimize symptoms and improve quality of life.

🌐 Reference ➡️ Pubmed

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