Forwarded from Get ready's MCQ (Clinic) (Sajeda ALrabti)
🟣KEY POINTS OF ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS
▫️Adult worm lives in cecum and appendix.
▫️Mouth is surrounded by three wing-like cervical alae.
▫️Worm is oviparous.
Eggs are colorless, not bile-stained; plano-convex in shape.
▫️Natural host: Humans. E. vermicularis passes its entire life cycle in human host. No intermediate host is required.
▫️Infective form: Embryonated egg containing infective larva.
▫️Mode of infection: By ingestion of eggs or autoinfection. Seen
mostly in children and among family members.
▫️Clinical features: Pruritus ani, nocturnal enuresis. Sometimes,
salpingitis, peritonitis, appendicitis, etc. may be seen.
▫️Diagnosis: Detection of eggs
by NIH swab and cellophane
scotch tape method. Detection of adult worm in finger nails or
from stool after enema.
▫️Treatment: Mebendazole, albendazole, or pyrantel pampate
▫️Adult worm lives in cecum and appendix.
▫️Mouth is surrounded by three wing-like cervical alae.
▫️Worm is oviparous.
Eggs are colorless, not bile-stained; plano-convex in shape.
▫️Natural host: Humans. E. vermicularis passes its entire life cycle in human host. No intermediate host is required.
▫️Infective form: Embryonated egg containing infective larva.
▫️Mode of infection: By ingestion of eggs or autoinfection. Seen
mostly in children and among family members.
▫️Clinical features: Pruritus ani, nocturnal enuresis. Sometimes,
salpingitis, peritonitis, appendicitis, etc. may be seen.
▫️Diagnosis: Detection of eggs
by NIH swab and cellophane
scotch tape method. Detection of adult worm in finger nails or
from stool after enema.
▫️Treatment: Mebendazole, albendazole, or pyrantel pampate
Forwarded from Get ready's MCQ (Clinic) (Sajeda ALrabti)
🟣KEY POINTS OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES
▫️A. lumbricoides is the largest nematode infecting human.
▫️Adult worm is cylindrical resembling an earthworm.
▫️Male is little smaller than female.
▫️Fertilized eggs are bile-stained, round or oval, surrounded by a
thin translucent wall with outer mammillated coat containing
a large unsegmented ovum. Unfertilized eggs are elliptical,
longer with an outer thinner irregular mammillated coat,
containing a small atrophied ovum and refractile granules.
▫️Natural host: Man.
▫️Infective form: Embryonated egg containing rhabditiform
larva.
▫️Clinical features: Spoliative action-protein and vitamin A
deficiency. Toxic action-utricaria and angioneurotic edema.
Mechanical action-intestinal obstruction, intussusception,
volvulus, intestinal perforation. In lungs-Ascaris can cause
pneumonia (Loeffler's syndrome).
▫️Diagnosis: Demonstration of eggs in stool, finding of larvae in
sputum, finding of adult worm in stool or sputum.
▫️Treatment: Albendazole, mebendazole, ivermectin, or pyrantel
pamoate.
▫️A. lumbricoides is the largest nematode infecting human.
▫️Adult worm is cylindrical resembling an earthworm.
▫️Male is little smaller than female.
▫️Fertilized eggs are bile-stained, round or oval, surrounded by a
thin translucent wall with outer mammillated coat containing
a large unsegmented ovum. Unfertilized eggs are elliptical,
longer with an outer thinner irregular mammillated coat,
containing a small atrophied ovum and refractile granules.
▫️Natural host: Man.
▫️Infective form: Embryonated egg containing rhabditiform
larva.
▫️Clinical features: Spoliative action-protein and vitamin A
deficiency. Toxic action-utricaria and angioneurotic edema.
Mechanical action-intestinal obstruction, intussusception,
volvulus, intestinal perforation. In lungs-Ascaris can cause
pneumonia (Loeffler's syndrome).
▫️Diagnosis: Demonstration of eggs in stool, finding of larvae in
sputum, finding of adult worm in stool or sputum.
▫️Treatment: Albendazole, mebendazole, ivermectin, or pyrantel
pamoate.
Forwarded from Get ready's MCQ (Clinic) (Sajeda ALrabti)
🟣KEY POINTS OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI
▫️KEY POINTS OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI
▫️Adult worm is white, thread-like with smooth cuticle and
tapering end.
▫️The female worm is viviparous. The embryo (microfilaria) is
colorless, sheathed, with tail-tip free of nuclei and actively
motile.
▫️Microfilaria in blood shows nocturnal periodicity (10 pm to 2am)
▫️Definitive host: Man.
■ Intermediate host: Culex quinquefasciatus (C. fatigans).
▫️Microfilaria do not multiply in man.
■ Clinical features: Early stage-fever, malaise, urticaria,
fugitive swelling, lymphangitis. Chronic stage-lymphadenitis
lymphangiovarix, chyluria, hydrocele and elephantiasis.
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia occurs due to hypersensitivity
reaction to filarial antigen.
▫️Diagnosis: Demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood or
chylous urine. Demonstration of adult worm in biopsy, Doppler
USG and X-ray. Demonstration of filarial antigen and antibody.
▫️Treatment: Drug of choice is DEC and ivermectin. Supportive
and surgical management in some cases.
▫️KEY POINTS OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI
▫️Adult worm is white, thread-like with smooth cuticle and
tapering end.
▫️The female worm is viviparous. The embryo (microfilaria) is
colorless, sheathed, with tail-tip free of nuclei and actively
motile.
▫️Microfilaria in blood shows nocturnal periodicity (10 pm to 2am)
▫️Definitive host: Man.
■ Intermediate host: Culex quinquefasciatus (C. fatigans).
▫️Microfilaria do not multiply in man.
■ Clinical features: Early stage-fever, malaise, urticaria,
fugitive swelling, lymphangitis. Chronic stage-lymphadenitis
lymphangiovarix, chyluria, hydrocele and elephantiasis.
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia occurs due to hypersensitivity
reaction to filarial antigen.
▫️Diagnosis: Demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood or
chylous urine. Demonstration of adult worm in biopsy, Doppler
USG and X-ray. Demonstration of filarial antigen and antibody.
▫️Treatment: Drug of choice is DEC and ivermectin. Supportive
and surgical management in some cases.
Forwarded from Get ready's MCQ (Clinic) (Sajeda ALrabti)
🟣KEY POINTS OF LOA LOA
▫️Loa loa is also known as African eyeworm and causes loiasis.
▫️Vectors: Day-biting flies (Chrysops).
▫️Microfilaria is sheathed and nuclei extend up to tail tip.
▫️Microfilaria appears during the day (diurnal periodic).
▫️Clinical features: Subcutaneous swellings (Calabar swellings),
ocular granuloma, edema of eyelid and proptosis.
▫️Diagnosis: Demonstration of adult worm from skin and
conjunctiva. Demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood
during day. High eosinophil count.
▫️Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin or albendazole.
▫️Loa loa is also known as African eyeworm and causes loiasis.
▫️Vectors: Day-biting flies (Chrysops).
▫️Microfilaria is sheathed and nuclei extend up to tail tip.
▫️Microfilaria appears during the day (diurnal periodic).
▫️Clinical features: Subcutaneous swellings (Calabar swellings),
ocular granuloma, edema of eyelid and proptosis.
▫️Diagnosis: Demonstration of adult worm from skin and
conjunctiva. Demonstration of microfilaria in peripheral blood
during day. High eosinophil count.
▫️Treatment: Diethylcarbamazine
Ivermectin or albendazole.
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🔴Risk factors for Giardiasis:
MCQ❗️❗️❗️
Achlorohdria (alkaline PH).
Carbohydrates rich diet.
Bacterial colonization of intestine.
Malnutrition
Hypogammglobulinemia (low Antibodies level).
IgA deficiency
Chronic pancreatitis
Children with A blood group.
يعني اللي عندهم الحاجات هذي معدل إصابتهم بالجارديا هيزيد.
MCQ❗️❗️❗️
Achlorohdria (alkaline PH).
Carbohydrates rich diet.
Bacterial colonization of intestine.
Malnutrition
Hypogammglobulinemia (low Antibodies level).
IgA deficiency
Chronic pancreatitis
Children with A blood group.
يعني اللي عندهم الحاجات هذي معدل إصابتهم بالجارديا هيزيد.
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🟠Steatorrhea : bulky offensive fatty loose yellow stool, difficult to clean.
مهم يجي هلبا في الكيسس بذات في giardia
مهم يجي هلبا في الكيسس بذات في giardia
🔥7❤3
🔴 Control and Prevention of Giardia intestinalis:
Proper hygiene.
Filtration of water.
Using iodine solution to purify water.
Breast feeding
أكثر control and prevention يركز فيه دكتور الأشعل
Proper hygiene.
Filtration of water.
Using iodine solution to purify water.
Breast feeding
أكثر control and prevention يركز فيه دكتور الأشعل
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🔹Free living amoeba :
ك مقارنة فقط
🟠Naegleria fowleri :
Dramatic course.
Transmitted by water.
Non haematogenous spread.
In immunocompromised patients causes Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM )
🟠Acanthameba culbertsoni :
Chronic course.
Transmitted by inhalation.
Haematogenous spread.
Cuses Granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis ( GAM ).
In immunocompromised patients causes acute encephalitis.
ك مقارنة فقط
🟠Naegleria fowleri :
Dramatic course.
Transmitted by water.
Non haematogenous spread.
In immunocompromised patients causes Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM )
🟠Acanthameba culbertsoni :
Chronic course.
Transmitted by inhalation.
Haematogenous spread.
Cuses Granulomatous amoebic meningoencephalitis ( GAM ).
In immunocompromised patients causes acute encephalitis.
❤4
🔹3 stool specimens are needed to diagnose entamoeba and giardia
يجيب فيها في الاسئلة ويقول عينة وحدة بس سادة للتشخيص وهذي غلط لازم ثلاثة
يجيب فيها في الاسئلة ويقول عينة وحدة بس سادة للتشخيص وهذي غلط لازم ثلاثة
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في تشخيص Toxoplasma أهم وأحسن طريقة هي بـ Serological tests اللي هو Ag-Ab Reaction
لكن في حالة تشخيص المولود ب congenital toxoplasmosis ضروري ما يتأكدو إنه IgG اللي ضد التوكسوبلازما اللي عنده هل هي من الأم ولا من الجنين، لأنه زي ما نعرفو IgG صغير ويخترق placenta ف ممكن يكون المولود سليم ومفيشي شي لكن IgG اللي عنده مجرد مناعة خداها من أمه.
ف يديرو في شي اسمه IgG titer ، بحيث يديرو تحليل IgG للمولود أكثر من مرة ويشوفو لو مستواه في تزايد معناها عنده toxoplasma ولو لقوه ينقص مع الوقت معناها معنداش.
مهمة يجيب فيها في الاسئلة.
لكن في حالة تشخيص المولود ب congenital toxoplasmosis ضروري ما يتأكدو إنه IgG اللي ضد التوكسوبلازما اللي عنده هل هي من الأم ولا من الجنين، لأنه زي ما نعرفو IgG صغير ويخترق placenta ف ممكن يكون المولود سليم ومفيشي شي لكن IgG اللي عنده مجرد مناعة خداها من أمه.
ف يديرو في شي اسمه IgG titer ، بحيث يديرو تحليل IgG للمولود أكثر من مرة ويشوفو لو مستواه في تزايد معناها عنده toxoplasma ولو لقوه ينقص مع الوقت معناها معنداش.
مهمة يجيب فيها في الاسئلة.
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Sabin-Feldman dye test (SFDT) : used in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and one of its disadvantages is cross reactivity
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ثلاثة خديناهم يديرو في intermittent fever وهما :
Malaria
Leishmania
Trypanosoma Brucei
Malaria
Leishmania
Trypanosoma Brucei
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الملاريا والليشمانيا الزوز يسببو في intermittent fever و Anemia
الفرق إنه الملاريا تنقص في عدد RBCs فقط يعني ادير في anemia بس.
بينما الليشمانيا ادير في pancytopenia يعني تنقص في كل خلايا الدم ف ادير Anemia leukopenia thrombocytopenia.
وفي الكيسس هكي هيكتبو فيهم بش نفرقو :
Intermittent fever with anemia, normal white cells and platelets count = Malaria.
Intermittent fever with anemia, low white cells and platelets count = Visceral leishmaniasis.
الفرق إنه الملاريا تنقص في عدد RBCs فقط يعني ادير في anemia بس.
بينما الليشمانيا ادير في pancytopenia يعني تنقص في كل خلايا الدم ف ادير Anemia leukopenia thrombocytopenia.
وفي الكيسس هكي هيكتبو فيهم بش نفرقو :
Intermittent fever with anemia, normal white cells and platelets count = Malaria.
Intermittent fever with anemia, low white cells and platelets count = Visceral leishmaniasis.
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Schistosoma haematobium : Dysuria, hematouria, Squamous cell carcinoma.
Schistosoma Mansoni : Portal hypertension, esophageal varicose, Hematemsis .
Schistosoma Mansoni : Portal hypertension, esophageal varicose, Hematemsis .
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⚪A.dudenale & T.trichura & S.mansoni➡️ iron deficiency anemia ( microcetic hypochromic anemia)
⚪Diphilloputrium latum & fashiolepsis buski➡️ pernicious anemia ( macrocetic hyperchromic anemia) ( megaloplastic anemia)
⚪Fashiola hepatica➡️ normocytic hypochromic anemia
⚪ Fasciolopsis buski ➡️ v.B12 deficiency anemia
⚪V.leishmania➡️ normocytic normochromic anemia
⚪Malaria➡️ hemolytic anemia
⚪Schistosoma mansoni ➡️ microcytic hypochromic anemia
⚪Diphilloputrium latum & fashiolepsis buski➡️ pernicious anemia ( macrocetic hyperchromic anemia) ( megaloplastic anemia)
⚪Fashiola hepatica➡️ normocytic hypochromic anemia
⚪ Fasciolopsis buski ➡️ v.B12 deficiency anemia
⚪V.leishmania➡️ normocytic normochromic anemia
⚪Malaria➡️ hemolytic anemia
⚪Schistosoma mansoni ➡️ microcytic hypochromic anemia
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في حاجة مهمة هلبا في الملاريا ود.الاشعل مركز فيها
لما حد ياخد البلازموديوم من الانوفيلس هيجيه sporozoite اللي بيمشي للكبد وبيدير ال Exoerythrocytic cysle اللي نعرفوها وأهم حاجة فيها هي Hypnozoites اللي بيقعد في خلايا الكبد ك inactive form وبيدير relapse بعدين في حالة oval and vivax.
لكن والمهم لو حد سليم نقلوله دم شخص مصاب بالملاريا، في الدم المنقول ليه هياخد منه stages اللي داخل RBCs اللي هما زي ring troph وإلخ ، مش هياخد sporozoite لانه هذا في البداية بكل وتعطيه الانوفيلس فقط، ف هكي مش هيكون عنده Hypnozoites.
الملخص واللي تبوه واللي يجي في الكيسس
لو حد معنداش ملايا خدي دم فيه بلازوموديوم.
الشخص اللي خدي الدم مش هيكون عنده Hypnozoites مش هيجيه بعدين ال Relapse مش محتاجين نعطوه Radical cure.
لما حد ياخد البلازموديوم من الانوفيلس هيجيه sporozoite اللي بيمشي للكبد وبيدير ال Exoerythrocytic cysle اللي نعرفوها وأهم حاجة فيها هي Hypnozoites اللي بيقعد في خلايا الكبد ك inactive form وبيدير relapse بعدين في حالة oval and vivax.
لكن والمهم لو حد سليم نقلوله دم شخص مصاب بالملاريا، في الدم المنقول ليه هياخد منه stages اللي داخل RBCs اللي هما زي ring troph وإلخ ، مش هياخد sporozoite لانه هذا في البداية بكل وتعطيه الانوفيلس فقط، ف هكي مش هيكون عنده Hypnozoites.
الملخص واللي تبوه واللي يجي في الكيسس
لو حد معنداش ملايا خدي دم فيه بلازوموديوم.
الشخص اللي خدي الدم مش هيكون عنده Hypnozoites مش هيجيه بعدين ال Relapse مش محتاجين نعطوه Radical cure.
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Forwarded from PA240 MCQ M8
A 54 years old female from Libya, was admitted for blood transfusion (Haemogloulin =7g/dl) as complication of chemotherapy, few days later, she complained of regular febrile paroxysm. The blood donor was her brother. All the following are statement are correct EXCEPT:
🔥1
Forwarded from PA240 MCQ M8
❤4👍1
سؤال على اللي قلته جي السيم اللي فات ⬆️
بش تفهمو الفكرة
بش تفهمو الفكرة
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