رشا هادي

١-false لان املاح الكالسيوم لازم ca
2- false لان الاورام الحبيبية تقضي ع المرض وليس تؤدي الى تقدمة
3-True

🫠 progress: تقدم
🫠regress: تراجع
فرقوا بينهم لان واردات ب مات تقدم المرض البكتريا
وتراجعها 🫥

د وسام 🫠
الاجوبة //
1-because the structural and chemical similarities of bacterial and human cell membrane selective toxicity . They cause the cells leak , leading to cell death

2- metronidazole
3- pipracillin
4- vancomycin
5-doxycyclin
6-erythromicin
8-isoniazid (iNH)

نزل تكملة لسؤال د وسام بالملف الجديد
لان هنه 12

بعض النقاط المهمة. د زمن اولى

Q1
A
1- Diphtheria  powerful exotoxin
2 - Iron

B
1- Ia, Ib, and IVb
2- lag phase (A), exponential or log phase (B), stationary phase (C), and death phase
3 - cell-mediated immunity (sensitized lymphocyte)
4- Activation , Initiation , Outgrowth

Q2
1 - F , Transcription
2- F , Amino acids are coded for by more than one codon
3-F , presence
4- F , Conjugation
5-F , Recombinant DNA
6-F , in upper respiratory and genital tracts.
7 -F , can cause both
8- F , Enterotoxigenic
9- F , it know and called GM1
10 - T
11- F , it invasive and toxigenic.
12 -F , required

Q3
1 - Amidase is cell wall-bound enzyme mediated the process of  Pneumococcal Autolysis a process which breaks down peptidoglycan in the cell wall of Strep. pneumoniae .
2 - M protein
3- Strep. pneumoniae
4 - premature delivery
5 - extremely alkaline pH and high salt concentrations , It resist bile salts detergents, heavy metals, ethanol, azide, and desiccation.
6 - E.faecalis (90–95%) and E. faecium (5–10%)
7 - ………
8 - patients with significant 
compromise of their defenses such as extensive abdominal surgery, indwelling devices, or who are undergoing procedures such as peritoneal dialysis are at greatest risk.

Q4
1 - Tuberculoid leprosy , Lepromatous leprosy
2- isoniazed (INH), pyrazinamide and rifampin
3- C.botulinum , C. tetani , C. perfringens , C. difficle
4 - Protective antigen (PA ), L Lethal Factor(LF), Edema-Factor(EF)
5 - enterotoxin or an emetic toxin
6 - necrotic tissue , calcium salts

Q5
1 - chronic and metabolic diseases, immune conditions, cancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective effects, infections, inflammation, and 
autoimmune diseases.
2- AngiotensinConverting 
Enzyme (ACE2) receptors and vitamin D receptors (VDR)
3 - Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause(tuberculosis-TB),Mycobacterium leprae cause (leprosy), Borrelia burgdorferi cause (lyme disease), Treponema pallidum cause (syphilis), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause (AIDS),Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cause (mononucleosis)

Q6
1 - Helicobacter pylori
2 - Coxiella burnetii
3 - Neisseria meningitidis
4 - Rickettsiae
5 - Neisseria gonorrhoeae
6 - Helicobacter pylori
7 - Brucella
8 - Vibrio cholerae
9 - Neisseria meningitidis
10 - Vibrio cholerae
11 - Rickettsiae
12 - Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Q7

1 - F , Dimorphic fungi
2 - F , normal flora don't cause pathogene
3 - T
4 - F , feet
5 -T
6 - F , treated tineas.

Q 8
1 - prokaryotic cell (bacteria ) that different from  and eukaryotic (human) in cell structure. For example, some agents inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall (an organelle not present in eukaryotes), and others act on the 70S bacterial ribosome (but not the 80S eukaryotic ribosome).

2 - Metronidazole
3 -Piperacillin
4 - Vancomycin
5 - Doxycycline
6 - Erythromycin
7 - carbapenems
8 -Target Mimicry
9-acetyltransferase (CAT) خارجي
10 - transposons.
11 - minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
12 - suppression of bone marrow activity , This affects the formation of blood cells resulting in a plastic anemia condition.

اسئلة الفاينل ⤴️

it is part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell walls  of Gram-negative bacteria and it is highly immunogenic in a vertebrate animal
جواب O antigen
🤯

طلاب الي نجحوا للمرحلة الثانية🤍
رتبتلكم شروحات وكوزات مواد الكورس الاول ع شكل روابط راح انزلهم 👇 يارب تستفادون منهن شدوا حيلكم المرحلة الثانية ابد مو هينه كل التوفيق ان شاء الله 🤍

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