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ㄹ/을 뿐만 아니라 (not only ~ but also)

you can use this grammar pattern to create the meaning of 'not only A, but also B'. Note that the 만 next to 뿐 is optional, but frequently used. The basic conjugation rules are:

1) if there is no 받침 - verb + ㄹ 뿐만 아니라
2) if the stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 - verb + 뿐만 아니라
3) If there is a 받침 at the end of the stem - verb + 을 뿐만 아니라

Example Sentences:

그는 가난할 뿐만 아니라 몸도 허약하다.
geuneun gananhal bbunman anila momdo heoyaghada.
He is not only poor but sickly.

이 회시는 집을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 차도 제공해요.
I hwisineun jibeul jegonghal bbunman anila chado jegonghaeyo.
not only does this company provide housing, but it also provides a car.

Note that if the verb in both clauses is the same, it is common to omit the first verb and attach 뿐만 아니라 directly to the noun.

저는 사과뿐만 아니라 바나나도 샀어요.
jeoneun sagwabbunman anila bananado sasseoyo.
I bought not only apples, but babanas too.

나는 한국어뿐 아니라 일분어도 할 수 있어요.
naneun hangug-eo-bbun anila ilbun-eo-do hal su isseoyo.
I didnt just speak Korean,ni speak Japanese too.

난 소주뿐 아니라 맥주도 못 마셔.
nan sojubbun anila maegjudo mus masyeo.
I cannot drink soju or beer.

in fact, just using "뿐만 아니라" by itself has the meaning of "not only that, but ..".

건강한 과일을 많이 먹는 것은 중요합니다. 뿐만 아니라 운동을 자주 하는 것도 중요합니다.
geonganghan gwa-ileul mangi meogneun geoseun jungyohabnida. bbunman anila undong-eul jaju haneun geosdo jungyohabnida.
Eating lots of healthy fruits is very important
Not only that, but exercising often is also important.

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

고 (and/and then)

the function of -고 is twofold. first, it simply *connect two different clauses, regardless of their sequence.* it corresponds to "and" in english. Second, -고 can be used to *link two sequential actions or events*, equivalent to "and then" in english.

Note that -고 is subject to one restriction: It is not conjugated for the tense.

Example sentences :

제니퍼가 청소하고 매튜가 요리해요.
Jennifer-ga cheongsohago maethe-ga yolihaeyo.
Jennifer cleans up, and Matthew cooks.

매튜가 요리하고 제니퍼가 청소해요.
Matthew-ga cooks, and Jennifer cleans up.

숙제를 하고 점심을 먹어요.
sugjeleul hago jeomsim-eul meog-eoyo.
I do the homework and then eat lunch.

숙제를 하고 점심을 먹었어요.
sugjeleul hago jeomsim-eul meog-eoss-eoyo.
I did the homework and them ate lunch.

하고 : and / and then

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지만 jiman (but)

- 지만 is used to *express the word "but" and to mark contrast between two clauses.* Thankfully it only comes in one shape which means that we simply attach it to a verb stem without having to worry about conjugation rules.

Example Sentences:

점심에 배가 고프기는 했지만 안 먹었어요.
jeomsim-e baega gopeugineun haessjiman an meog-eoss-eoyo.
Even though I was hungry, I didn't eat anything.

맥주는 춯지만 소주는 싫어요.
maegjuneun joh-jiman sojuneun silh-eoyo.
I like beer but I dont like soju.

졸리지만 잘 수 없어요.
jolli-jiman jal su eobs-eoyo.
I'm sleepy but I can't go to bed.

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TIME EXPRESSIONS

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ㄴ/은 다음에 (after some action)

-ㄴ/은 다음에 is used to *express doing another action after completing one action.* It has the same meaning as 'after doing something' or 'after something happens'.

-ㄴ/은 다음에 is always attached directly to the end of a verb stem. -은 in a consonant, and -ㄴ다음에 with verb stems ending in a vowel.

닫다 ➡ 닫은 다음에
끝나다 ➡ 끝난 다음에
듣다 ➡ 들은 다음에 (irregular case)
놀다 ➡ 논 다음에 (irregular case)

Example sentences:

영화 본 *다음에* 우리 커피 마셔요.
yeonghwa bun *daeum-e* uli keopi masyeoyo.
After watching the movie, lets drink coffee.

점심을 먹은 *다음에*, 도서관에 갔어요.
jeomsim-eul meog-eun *daeum-e*, doseogwan-e gass-eoyo.
After having lunch, I went to the library.

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

ㄹ/을 때 (during/when)

this pattern is *used to express the time/occurrence of a particular action or state.* it has the same meaning as 'when or while'. Note that although -ㄹ/을 때 and 언제 can both be translated as 'when' in English, they have different meanings and functions in Korean. Then function of -ㄹ/을 때 is to *connect two sentences like 'the time when'.* on the other hand, 언제 *functions as an interrogative like 'when?' or 'what time?'.

-ㄹ/을 때 is used with verbs, adjectives, and 있다/없다. -ㄹ/을 때 is used with verb stems ending in a consonant, and -ㄹ/을 때 is used with verb stems ending in a vowel.

자다 ➡ 잘 때
첮다 ➡ 찾을 때
듣다 ➡ 들을 때 (irregular case)
살다 ➡ 살 때 (irregular case)
덥다 ➡ 더울 때 (irregular case)

Example sentences:

날씨가 좋을 때, 여행을 가겠습니다.
nalssiga joh-eul ddae, yeonghaeng-eul gagess-seubnida.
When the weather is good, I will take a trip.

한국에 올 때마다 한국 음식을 먹어요.
hangug-e ol ddaemada hangug eumsig-eul meog-eoyo.
whenever I come to Korea, I eat Korean food.

바쁘지 않을 때 전화해.
babbeuji anh-eul ddae jeonhwahae.
When you aren't busy, call me then.

일할 때는 일하고, 놀 때는 놀아라.
il-hal ddaeneun ilhago, nol ddaeneun nol-ala.
Work while you work, play while you play.

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓


Lesson 1: Basic Korean Sentences

*Vocabulary*
Nouns:
한국 hangug = Korea

Common Usages:
한국 사람 hangug salam = Korean person
한국어 hangug-eo= Korean language (For Korean people, Korean language class is called “국어 (수업)”)
한국인 hangug-in = Korean person
한국 역사 hangug yeogsa = Korean history (in school, Korean history class is usually called “한국사 (수업)”)
한국 문화 hangug munhwa = Korean culture
한국 경제 hangug gyeongje = Korean economy
한국 전쟁 hangug jeonjaeng = the Korean War
한국주식시장 hangugjusigsijang = Korean stock market
한국어능력시험 hangug-eoneunglyegsiheom = Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK)

Notes: The formal name of the country is 대한민국 daehanmingug

Examples :
저는 7년 동안 한국에서 살았어요.
jeoneun 7nyeon dong-am hangug-eseo sal-asseoyo.
I lived in Korea for seven years.

저는 내년에 한국에 갈 거예요.
jeoneun baenyeon-e hangug-e gal geoyeyo.
I will go to Korea next year.

저의 어머니는 올해 한국에 올 것입니다
jeo-eui eomeoni-neun olhae hangug-e ol geos-ibnida.
My mom will come to Korea this year.

저는 한국어를 한국에서 배웠어요
jeoneun hangug-eoleul hangug-eoseo baeweosseoyo.
I learned Korean in Korea.

고등학교는 한국에서 어려워요.
godeunghangyoneun hangug-eseo eolyeowayo. High school is difficult in Korea.

그 집은 한국에서 지어졌어요.
geu ib-eun hangug-eseo ji-eojyeosseoyo.
that house was built in Korea.

저는 한국에서 살고 있어요.
jeoneun hangug-eseo salgo isseoyo.
I live in Korea.

도시 dosi = city
이름 ileum = name
저 jeo = I, me (formal)
나 na = I, me (informal)
남자 namja = man
여자 yeoja = woman
이 I = this
그 geu = that
저 jeo = that (when something is far away)
것 geos = thing
이것 igeos = this (thing)
그것 geugeos = that (thing)
저것 jeogeos = that (thing)
의자 uija = chair
탁자 tagja = table
선생님 seonsaengnim = teacher
침대 chimdae = bed
집 jib = house
차 cha = car
사람 salam = person
책 chaeg = book
컴퓨터 keompyuteo = computer
나무 namu = tree/wood
소파 sopa = sofa
중국 junggug= China
일본 ilbon = Japan
문 mun = door
의사 wisa = doctor
학생 hagsaeng = student

Adverbs and Other words:
이다 ida = to be
안 an = not
네 ne = yes
아니 ani = no

🎎 _STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE_ INTERNATIONAL CLASS (SKL) 🎎

고 나서 (upon finishing/and then)

This grammar pattern can be used to *indicate the completion of an action or event that is followed by another action or event*. It has a similar meaning to 'and then', 'upon finishing', or 'do (something) after'.

Example sentences:

숙제 하고 나서 친구하고 놀았어.
sugje hago naseo chingu-hago nol-ass-eo.
I did my homework and then played with a friend.

저녁을 먹고 나서 신문을 읽어요.
jeonyeo-eul meoggo naseo sinmul-eul ilg-eo-yo.
After eating dinner, i read newspaper.

수업 끝나고 나서 뭐 할 거예요 ?
su-eob ggeutnago naseo mwo hal geo-yeyo ?
After class finishes, what will you do ?

쓰고 나서 나는 그 편지를 읽어봤다.
sseugo naseo naneun geu pyeonji-leul ilg-eo-bwassda.
After writing the letter i read it.

🎎 _STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE_ INTERNATIONAL CLASS (SKL) 🎎

기 전에 (before some action)

기 전에 is used to express an action that is done or occurs before another action. It has the same meaning as 'before' or 'before something happens'.

기 전에 is always attached directly to the end of a verb stem.

공부하다 - 공부하기 전에
운동하다 - 운동하기 전에
사용하다 - 사용하기 전에

Example sentences:

저녁을 먹기 전에 숙제를 하세요!
jeonyeog-eul meoggi jeon-e sug-jeleul haseyo!
Please do your homework before eating dinner!

한국에 우기 전에 무슨일 했어요?
hangug-e ogi jeon-e museun-il haess-eoyo.
What did you do for living before coming korea ?

수업을 시작하기 전에 제 소개를 할게요.
su-eob-eul sijag-hagi jeon-e je sogaeleul halgeyo.
let me introduce myself before starting class.

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

아/어서(1) (do something and then do something)

-아/어서 can be used to express one action then a second action. It signifies that the action in the following clause happened after, but in connection with the action of the preceding clause. You may want to refer to - 아/어서 (2) to learn about the another usage of this pattern.

when thw finap vowel of the verb or adjective stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, it takes -아/어서. When the final vowel of the verb or adjective stem is other than ㅏ or ㅗ, it takes -어서. when combined with the verbs or adjectives ending with 하다, it makes 해서.

Note that the tense is shown at the end of the sentence.

Example sentences:

잡에 와서 잤어요.
jib-e waseo jass-eo-yo.
I came home and slept.

공원에 가서 책을 읽을 거예요.
gongweon-e gaseo chaeg-eul ilg-eul geoyeyo.
I am going to go to the park and read a book.

친구를 만나서 밥을 먹었어요.
chingu-leul manna-seo bab-eul meog-eosseoyo.
I met my friend and we ate together.

친구를 만나서 밥을 먹을 거예요.
chingu-leul mannaseo bab-eul meog-eul geoyeyo.

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

으면서 (while)

this connective is used to express two simultaneous actions done by the some person. Translated to English, this pattern means "while".

It attaches to the verb directly. -면 is used after verb stems ending in a vowel or the consonant -'ㄹ' and -'으면' is used after verb stems ending in all consonants except -'ㄹ'.

하다 ➡ 하면서
쓰다 ➡ 쓰면서
먹다 ➡ 먹으면서
만들다 ➡ 만들면서 (irregular case)
듣다 ➡ 들으면서 (irregular case)

Note that:
· Tense marker is at the end. For sentences describing events that took place in the past or or will take place in the future, tense markers should be added to the end of the sentence and cannot precede this structure.
· Subjects must be the same. with this grammar structure, the subjects of the preceding clause and the following clause must be the same.
· Usually, this pattern is used with action verbs but you will often see it used with descriptive verbs as well. in such cases, it is used to list complementary properties of something/someone. pl

someone. please take a look at the fifth example sentence.

Example sentences:

음악을 들으면서 공부해요.
eum-ageul deul-eu-myeonseo gongbuhaeyo.
I study while listening to music.

점심을 먹으면서 텔레비전을 봤어요.
jeomsim-eul meog-eumyeonseo tel-libijeon-eul bwasseoyo.
I ate lunch while watching television.

운전을 하면서 담배를 피우면 안 돼요.
unjeon-eul hamyeonseo dambaeleul pi-u-myeo an dwaeyo.
you should not drive while smoking.

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

자마자 (as soon as/right after)

this grammar pattern can be used to indicate something happening immediately after another event. in other words by using -자마자, you can create the meaning of "as soon as" the action in the first clause finishes.

the conjugation rule is simple. you just need to attach 자마자 directly to the end of a verb stem. below are some.

Example sentences:

보자마자 마음에 들었어요.
bo-jamaja ma-eum-e deul-eoss-eoyo.
as soon as i saw it, I liked it.

졸업하자마자 일을 시작할 거예요.
jol-eob-hajamaja il-eul sijaghal geoyeyo.
I will start working as soon as I graduate.

말레이시아에 도착하자마자 전화할게.
as soon as I arrive in Malaysia, i'll call you.

Hi ? i'll update the note every week on saturday
Thank you💐

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

View category grammar

·Intro to the korean language
-은/는 (topic marker)
-을/를 (object marker)
-이/가 (subject marker)
-이/그/저 (this/that/that)

·Tenses
-ㄹ/을 거예요 (future tense)
-고 있다 (progressive tense)
-아/어요 (present tense)
-았/었어요 (past tense)

·Negative Expression
-이/가 아니에요 (to not be)
-지 못하다 (cannot)
-지 않나 (not)
-안 A/V (not)

·Particles
-도 (also/too/even)
-따라 (unusually)
-마다 (every/each)
-만큼 (as much as)
-밖에 (only/nothing but)
-보다 (more ... than/-er tha)
-에 (time/place particle)
-에게/한테/께 (to)
-에서 (in/at/from)
-의 (of)
-저럼 (like/as...as)

·Listing and contrast
-ㄴ/ 는답시고 (but then ..)
-ㄴ/은/는 데도 (although, even though)
-ㄹ/을 뽄만 아니라 (not only~ but also)
-거나 (or)
-고 (and/and then)
-지만 (but)

·Time expression
-ㄴ/은 다음에 (after some action)
-ㄹ/을 때 (during/when)
-고 나서 (upon finishing/anx then)
-기 전에 (before some action)
-아/어서 (1) (do sth and then do sth)
-으면서 (while)
-자마자 (as soon as/right after)

so lets continue category (Ability and possibility)

🎎 STUDY KOREAN LANGUAGE🎓

-ㄹ/을 리가 없다 (it can't be)

This grammar pattern can be used to express disbelief, skepticism or doubt. it has the same meaning as 'it can't be that ...' or 'it is impossible that ...'.

Few notes:

1) This pattern (negative form) must be used as a declarative statement and cannot be used as an interrogative statement. To use as an interrogative statement one must use the positive form -ㄹ/을 리가 있다.

2) This grammar structure is usually used in the present tense and the past tense, and even when it's referring to a future action, the sentences remains in the present tense.

The basic conjugation rules are :

1) if there is no 받침 (support) or if the stem ends with a ㄹ 받침 ➡ A/V + ㄹ 리가 없다.
2) if there is a 받침 at the end of the stem ➡ A/V + 을 리가 없다.

하다 ➡ 할 리가 없다
가다 ➡ 갈 리가 없다
늦다 ➡ 늦다을 리가 없다
억다 ➡ 억다을 리가 없다

Example sentences:

경은 씨가 노래를 할 리가 없어요.
gyeong-eun ssiga nolae-leul hal liga eobseoyo.
No way that Kyeongeun is going to sing.

그 친구들이 나를 싫어할 리가 없어요.
geu chingu-deul-i naleul silh-eo-hal liga eobs-eo-yo.
it is not possible that those friends dislike me.

니가 그것을 몰랐을리 없어요.
niga geu-geos-eul mol-lass-eul-li eobs-eo-yo.
it's hardly possible that you don't know about it.

그 사람이 병에 걸렸을리가 없어요.
geu salam-i byeon-e geol-lyeoss-eul-liga eobs-eo-yo.

ㄹ/ 을 수 없다 (can’t do something)

ㄹ/ 을 수 없다 can be used to say that one “doe not have the ability to do something”.

We use -ㄹ/ 을 수 없다 when the stem ends with a vowel, -을 수 없다 when the stem ends with a consonant.

부다 - 불 수 없다
먹다 - 먹을 수 없다
가다 - 갈 수 없다
열다 - 열 수 없다 (irregular case)
놀다 - 눌 수 없다 (irregular case)
듣다 - 들를 수 없다 (irregular case)
걷다 - 걸을 수 없다 (irregular case)

Example sentences:

저는 기다릴 수 없다
Jeoneun gida-leul su eobs-da
I can’t wait.

나는 나를 이해할 수가 없어
Naneun naleul i-haehal suga eobs-eo
I can’t understand you.

저 사람을 한국어를 말할 수 없어요
Jeo salam-eul hangugeoleil malhal su eobs-eo-yo
The person can’t speak korean.

ㄹ/ 을 수 있다is used to express the possibility or ability to do something. It has the same meaning as “can do something”.

We use -ㄹ/ 을 수 있다 when the stem ends with a vowel, -을 수 있다 when the the stem ends with a consonant.

부다 - 불 수 있다
먹다 - 먹을 수 있다
가다 - 갈 수 있다
열다 - 열 수 있다 (irregular case)
놀다 - 눌 수 있다 (irregular case)
듣다 - 들를 수 있다 (irregular case)
걷다 - 걸을 수 있다 (irregular case)

Example sentences:

영어를 잘 할 수 있어요
Yeong-oe-leul jal hal su isseo-yo
I can speak english.

운전 할 수 있어요 ?
Unjeon hal su isseoyo ?
Can you drive ?

일본어 할 수 있어요 ?
Ilbun-eo hal su isseoyo ?
Can you speak Japanese ?

i'll continue category "Demands, obligations, premission/prohibitions" next time.