#INTERNATIONAL_CURRENTAFFAIRS
USA Sanctions against ICC Officials
Why in News-The USA announced sanctions, including asset freezes and visa bans, against two officials of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for their investigation into alleged war crimes by the USA forces and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Afghanistan since 2003.
The USA’s Stand: Not only sanctions against officials, earlier the USA criticized the ICC.
◆The USA has considered the ICC a threat to USA sovereignty, and announced the strict punitive measures that are generally reserved for use against terror groups and those accused of abusing human rights.
◆USA had never ratified the “Rome Statute”, which created the ICC in 1998, and thus is not subject to its rulings.
◆The USA administration also called ICC a thoroughly broken and corrupted institution.
ICC’s Stand on USA Sanctions: An unacceptable attempt to interfere with the rule of law and the Court’s judicial proceedings.
●It stands firmly by its staff and officials and remains unwavering in its commitment to discharging, independently and impartially, the mandate laid down in its founding treaty, the Rome Statute.
Criticism of the USA’ Sanctions:
◆The USA decision has been criticised by the United Nations, the European Union, 10 members of the UN Security Council, including the UK and France, as well as several international human rights agencies, all of which have called for the sanctions to be reversed.
◆The international NGO Human Rights Watch has observed that by penalising war crimes investigators, the USA is openly siding with those who commit and cover up human rights abuses.
◆The USA action is a setback to the international rules-based multilateral order.
◆The decision to sanction anybody assisting the ICC will deter victims of violence in Afghanistan from speaking out.
◆The USA’s unilateral sanctions would encourage other regimes accused of war crimes to flout the ICC’s rulings.
India and ICC
●India is not a party to ICC.
●For India, the decision was based on a number of principles. The major objections of India to the Rome Statute are:
●The ICC is a criminal court, unlike the International Court of Justice (which adjudicates on civil matters), and arrogates to itself the right to prosecute matters against countries that aren’t even signatories.
●Since ICC is subordinate to the UN Security Council (UNSC), permanent members are vested with unbridled powers.
●India also objected to the omission of cross-border terror, use of nuclear arms and weapons of mass destruction from the areas the ICC would institute its investigations.
Way Forward
●While the USA’s concerns about the ICC are shared by India and other countries that weren’t signatories, the USA action is seen as another blow to multilateralism.
●In the last few years, the USA administration has walked out of several UN agencies and international agreements, including the Human Rights Council, UNESCO, the Paris climate change agreement and the Iran nuclear accord.
●Particularly at a time the USA accuses China of disregarding international norms in the South China Sea and other areas, and of human rights violations in Xinjiang and Tibet, the USA’s pushback over the ICC’s case in Afghanistan seems counterproductive.
●The independence of the ICC and its ability to operate without interference must be guaranteed so that it can decide matters without any influence or pressures. Further, there is a need for an independent expert review of its own functioning.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
USA Sanctions against ICC Officials
Why in News-The USA announced sanctions, including asset freezes and visa bans, against two officials of the International Criminal Court (ICC) for their investigation into alleged war crimes by the USA forces and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Afghanistan since 2003.
The USA’s Stand: Not only sanctions against officials, earlier the USA criticized the ICC.
◆The USA has considered the ICC a threat to USA sovereignty, and announced the strict punitive measures that are generally reserved for use against terror groups and those accused of abusing human rights.
◆USA had never ratified the “Rome Statute”, which created the ICC in 1998, and thus is not subject to its rulings.
◆The USA administration also called ICC a thoroughly broken and corrupted institution.
ICC’s Stand on USA Sanctions: An unacceptable attempt to interfere with the rule of law and the Court’s judicial proceedings.
●It stands firmly by its staff and officials and remains unwavering in its commitment to discharging, independently and impartially, the mandate laid down in its founding treaty, the Rome Statute.
Criticism of the USA’ Sanctions:
◆The USA decision has been criticised by the United Nations, the European Union, 10 members of the UN Security Council, including the UK and France, as well as several international human rights agencies, all of which have called for the sanctions to be reversed.
◆The international NGO Human Rights Watch has observed that by penalising war crimes investigators, the USA is openly siding with those who commit and cover up human rights abuses.
◆The USA action is a setback to the international rules-based multilateral order.
◆The decision to sanction anybody assisting the ICC will deter victims of violence in Afghanistan from speaking out.
◆The USA’s unilateral sanctions would encourage other regimes accused of war crimes to flout the ICC’s rulings.
India and ICC
●India is not a party to ICC.
●For India, the decision was based on a number of principles. The major objections of India to the Rome Statute are:
●The ICC is a criminal court, unlike the International Court of Justice (which adjudicates on civil matters), and arrogates to itself the right to prosecute matters against countries that aren’t even signatories.
●Since ICC is subordinate to the UN Security Council (UNSC), permanent members are vested with unbridled powers.
●India also objected to the omission of cross-border terror, use of nuclear arms and weapons of mass destruction from the areas the ICC would institute its investigations.
Way Forward
●While the USA’s concerns about the ICC are shared by India and other countries that weren’t signatories, the USA action is seen as another blow to multilateralism.
●In the last few years, the USA administration has walked out of several UN agencies and international agreements, including the Human Rights Council, UNESCO, the Paris climate change agreement and the Iran nuclear accord.
●Particularly at a time the USA accuses China of disregarding international norms in the South China Sea and other areas, and of human rights violations in Xinjiang and Tibet, the USA’s pushback over the ICC’s case in Afghanistan seems counterproductive.
●The independence of the ICC and its ability to operate without interference must be guaranteed so that it can decide matters without any influence or pressures. Further, there is a need for an independent expert review of its own functioning.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#INTWERVIEW_QUESTION
#Personal_Interview
For those who kept reading novels as hobby / who seek this as interest :-
1. What books have you read lately ? Also Give reasons about the choices /preferences of these novels over others .
2. Since when you started reading
them and what changes you came accross in your personality after persuing this as hobby ?
3 . Who is your favourite author and why ? Give gist about your favourite author .
4 . Provide gist synopsis of 3 favourite novels you have read ?
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Personal_Interview
For those who kept reading novels as hobby / who seek this as interest :-
1. What books have you read lately ? Also Give reasons about the choices /preferences of these novels over others .
2. Since when you started reading
them and what changes you came accross in your personality after persuing this as hobby ?
3 . Who is your favourite author and why ? Give gist about your favourite author .
4 . Provide gist synopsis of 3 favourite novels you have read ?
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN
Admit card for AFCAT 02/2020 is available for download through candidate login.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Admit card for AFCAT 02/2020 is available for download through candidate login.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material
Urban Employment Crisis {1/2}
◆The contraction of the economy due to Covid-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the employment situation in urban areas. While the ‘Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ launched in June 2020 could be an immediate relief, the ₹50,000-crore employment scheme may not be a suitable substitute for decent urban jobs.
◆Further, the pandemic and associated policy responses (unplanned lockdown) have exposed the vulnerability of these urban jobs. Thus, for sustenance for the overall economy, there is a need for policy interventions to revive urban employment generation.
Threats to Employment
●Slowdown in Major Employment Generating Sector: The shrinking sectors that have been affected the most —construction (–50%), trade, hotels and other services (–47%), manufacturing (–39%), and mining (–23%) — are those that create the maximum jobs in the economy.
●Reverse Migration: The magnitude of economic slowdown can be exemplified by a wave of massive ‘reverse migration’ during the early phase of the lockdown whereby millions of workers returned to their home States due to a loss of livelihoods in cities.
●Vulnerable Informal Sector: According to the International Labour Organization, of the 535 million labour force in India in 2019, some 398.6 million have poor quality jobs. Further, the lockdown exposed the state of vulnerable employment in urban low-end informal jobs.
●Vulnerable employment is characterised by inadequate earnings, low productivity and difficult conditions of work that undermine the basic rights of workers.
●The high and persistent incidence of vulnerable employment are a reflection of the nature of the structural transformation process, whereby capital and labour transfer from low to higher value-added sectors.
●However, in India capital and labour are moving from low value-added activities in a sector to another sector, but not to higher value-added activities.
●This leads to a situation where a large proportion of the jobs being created is of poor quality.
●Increasing Number of Working Poor: Despite higher economic growth in recent years, working poors are increasing in India.
●The service sector-led growth in recent years has intensified this as there is coexistence of strong job creation in some Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-intensive services.
●However, along with a significant portion of the jobs being created in ‘traditional low value-added services, where informality and vulnerable forms of employment are dominant.
●The poor quality of jobs and high informality are key for the high level of “working poors”. The working poor are working people whose incomes fall below a given poverty line due to low-income jobs and low familial household income.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Urban Employment Crisis {1/2}
◆The contraction of the economy due to Covid-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the employment situation in urban areas. While the ‘Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan’ launched in June 2020 could be an immediate relief, the ₹50,000-crore employment scheme may not be a suitable substitute for decent urban jobs.
◆Further, the pandemic and associated policy responses (unplanned lockdown) have exposed the vulnerability of these urban jobs. Thus, for sustenance for the overall economy, there is a need for policy interventions to revive urban employment generation.
Threats to Employment
●Slowdown in Major Employment Generating Sector: The shrinking sectors that have been affected the most —construction (–50%), trade, hotels and other services (–47%), manufacturing (–39%), and mining (–23%) — are those that create the maximum jobs in the economy.
●Reverse Migration: The magnitude of economic slowdown can be exemplified by a wave of massive ‘reverse migration’ during the early phase of the lockdown whereby millions of workers returned to their home States due to a loss of livelihoods in cities.
●Vulnerable Informal Sector: According to the International Labour Organization, of the 535 million labour force in India in 2019, some 398.6 million have poor quality jobs. Further, the lockdown exposed the state of vulnerable employment in urban low-end informal jobs.
●Vulnerable employment is characterised by inadequate earnings, low productivity and difficult conditions of work that undermine the basic rights of workers.
●The high and persistent incidence of vulnerable employment are a reflection of the nature of the structural transformation process, whereby capital and labour transfer from low to higher value-added sectors.
●However, in India capital and labour are moving from low value-added activities in a sector to another sector, but not to higher value-added activities.
●This leads to a situation where a large proportion of the jobs being created is of poor quality.
●Increasing Number of Working Poor: Despite higher economic growth in recent years, working poors are increasing in India.
●The service sector-led growth in recent years has intensified this as there is coexistence of strong job creation in some Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-intensive services.
●However, along with a significant portion of the jobs being created in ‘traditional low value-added services, where informality and vulnerable forms of employment are dominant.
●The poor quality of jobs and high informality are key for the high level of “working poors”. The working poor are working people whose incomes fall below a given poverty line due to low-income jobs and low familial household income.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material
Urban Employment Crisis {2/2}
Way Forward
●Mobilising Localised Resources: Given the scale of urbanisation, the focus on urban employment generation programmes should be in coordination with local governments.
--This will require actors at the local level to have more resources at their disposal.
--Resource mobilisation could be enabled by the formation of local alliances, involving elected representatives, trade unions, entrepreneurs and community groups
--This can also be the key to solving other problems faced by cities.
●Localised Employment-Intensive Investment Policies: A major local initiative would be to design and implement employment-intensive investment policies. In this pursuit:
--Local enterprise formation needs to be an integral part of the strategy, with converging interests for workers and entrepreneurs on issues related to technology and productivity enhancement.
--Also, Small and micro enterprises which are the fulcrum of industrialisation, need extra support to balance the interests between labour and capital as neither have collective bargaining powers.
◆Prioritising Urban Infrastructure: There is a need to prioritise urban infrastructure as it accounts for a large share of total investments in the overall economy.
◆A labour- intensive approach to building municipal infrastructure can be a cost-effective alternative to capital intensive-approach as wage rates are low.
◆Infrastructure investments would spur employment, generate earnings and contribute to small enterprise formation.
◆Construction of low-cost housing is another activity that can be carried out using labour-intensive methods, while yielding substantial collateral benefits for urban dwellers.
◆Launching of Urban Employment Scheme: There is need for immediate launch of an urban employment scheme oriented toward building large-scale medical, health and sanitation infrastructure in cities and towns across India.
◆MGNREGA can be expanded for urban areas, both in terms of increasing the budgetary allocations and the guaranteed minimum number of days of work.
◆Other immediate employment generation can be to expand networks of essential services as a part of welfare interventions of State and local governments.
◆Increase Incentives to Reduce Migration: Focusing on rural development to increase employment opportunities in rural areas and to enhance the provision of services like education, health, electricity and water and sanitation services are effective means to control rural to urban migration.
Conclusion
●Given the economic contraction, there is a need to generate more jobs and reduce vulnerabilities by providing decent wages & job security in urban areas. Thus, the present crisis calls for a multi-pronged strategy to tackle the issue of urban jobs.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Urban Employment Crisis {2/2}
Way Forward
●Mobilising Localised Resources: Given the scale of urbanisation, the focus on urban employment generation programmes should be in coordination with local governments.
--This will require actors at the local level to have more resources at their disposal.
--Resource mobilisation could be enabled by the formation of local alliances, involving elected representatives, trade unions, entrepreneurs and community groups
--This can also be the key to solving other problems faced by cities.
●Localised Employment-Intensive Investment Policies: A major local initiative would be to design and implement employment-intensive investment policies. In this pursuit:
--Local enterprise formation needs to be an integral part of the strategy, with converging interests for workers and entrepreneurs on issues related to technology and productivity enhancement.
--Also, Small and micro enterprises which are the fulcrum of industrialisation, need extra support to balance the interests between labour and capital as neither have collective bargaining powers.
◆Prioritising Urban Infrastructure: There is a need to prioritise urban infrastructure as it accounts for a large share of total investments in the overall economy.
◆A labour- intensive approach to building municipal infrastructure can be a cost-effective alternative to capital intensive-approach as wage rates are low.
◆Infrastructure investments would spur employment, generate earnings and contribute to small enterprise formation.
◆Construction of low-cost housing is another activity that can be carried out using labour-intensive methods, while yielding substantial collateral benefits for urban dwellers.
◆Launching of Urban Employment Scheme: There is need for immediate launch of an urban employment scheme oriented toward building large-scale medical, health and sanitation infrastructure in cities and towns across India.
◆MGNREGA can be expanded for urban areas, both in terms of increasing the budgetary allocations and the guaranteed minimum number of days of work.
◆Other immediate employment generation can be to expand networks of essential services as a part of welfare interventions of State and local governments.
◆Increase Incentives to Reduce Migration: Focusing on rural development to increase employment opportunities in rural areas and to enhance the provision of services like education, health, electricity and water and sanitation services are effective means to control rural to urban migration.
Conclusion
●Given the economic contraction, there is a need to generate more jobs and reduce vulnerabilities by providing decent wages & job security in urban areas. Thus, the present crisis calls for a multi-pronged strategy to tackle the issue of urban jobs.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb #Current_Affairs #GD_Material
Global CO2 emissions to fall by up to 7% in 2020 due to Covid-19
Why in the news-According to a United in Science 2020 report released by UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres, Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are likely to fall by 4% to 7% in 2020 due to coronavirus disease (Covid-19) lockdown and associated slowdown.
Highlights of the report
●The Greenhouse Gas Concentrations in the Atmosphere especially CO2 concentrations have shown no signs of peaking and have continued to increase to new records.
●Global Fossil CO2 emissions (Global Carbon Project) highlights that, CO2 emissions in 2020 will fall by an estimated 4% to 7% in 2020 due to COVID-19 confinement policies.
●The exact decline will depend on the continued trajectory of the pandemic and government responses to address it.
●The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate report of IPCC , highlights that the Human induced climate change is affecting life-sustaining systems, from the top of the mountains to the depths of the oceans, leading to accelerating sea-level rise, with cascading effects for ecosystems and human security.
●The Emissions Gap Report of 2019 referred to by the United in Science report has said that the cuts in global emissions required per year from 2020 to 2030 are about 3% to meet the 2 degree C target and more than 7% per year on average to meet the 5 degree C goal under the Paris Agreement.
●According to the State of Global Climate referred by WMO and UK’s Met Office, the average global temperature for 2016–2020 is expected to be the warmest on record, about 1 degree C above pre-industrial levels and 0.24 degree C warmer than the global average temperature for 2011-2015.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Global CO2 emissions to fall by up to 7% in 2020 due to Covid-19
Why in the news-According to a United in Science 2020 report released by UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres, Global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are likely to fall by 4% to 7% in 2020 due to coronavirus disease (Covid-19) lockdown and associated slowdown.
Highlights of the report
●The Greenhouse Gas Concentrations in the Atmosphere especially CO2 concentrations have shown no signs of peaking and have continued to increase to new records.
●Global Fossil CO2 emissions (Global Carbon Project) highlights that, CO2 emissions in 2020 will fall by an estimated 4% to 7% in 2020 due to COVID-19 confinement policies.
●The exact decline will depend on the continued trajectory of the pandemic and government responses to address it.
●The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate report of IPCC , highlights that the Human induced climate change is affecting life-sustaining systems, from the top of the mountains to the depths of the oceans, leading to accelerating sea-level rise, with cascading effects for ecosystems and human security.
●The Emissions Gap Report of 2019 referred to by the United in Science report has said that the cuts in global emissions required per year from 2020 to 2030 are about 3% to meet the 2 degree C target and more than 7% per year on average to meet the 5 degree C goal under the Paris Agreement.
●According to the State of Global Climate referred by WMO and UK’s Met Office, the average global temperature for 2016–2020 is expected to be the warmest on record, about 1 degree C above pre-industrial levels and 0.24 degree C warmer than the global average temperature for 2011-2015.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#TO_ALL_LADIES_and_GENTLEMAN
AFCAT 2 2020 ADMIT CARD OUT
AFCAT 2 2020 ADMIT CARD OUT
Forwarded from Ankit
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material
Abrogation of Article 370 -
Theme:-
●On 7th August 2019, President Ram Nath Kovind declared abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian constitution after the resolution to revoke the article was passed by both the houses of the parliament (Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha).
What is article 370?
●Article 370 is a temporary provision of the Indian constitution which grants special status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir, under part XXI of the Constitution of India which deals with ‘Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions’. Article 370 is the only constitutional link between India and Jammu & Kashmir.
Some major provisions of Article 370:-
◆According to this article, except for foreign affairs, defence, finance and communication, Indian Parliament needs the approval of State Legislature for applying all other laws.
◆The Union government cannot declare emergency in Jammu & Kashmir unless there is a case of war or external aggression. In case of any internal disturbance or imminent danger, an emergency can be applied only by the request of state government or by its approval.
◆Citizens of J & K follow their own constitution and Indians of other states cannot buy property in J&K.
◆In India, the residuary powers are vested with the Union Government but in case of Jammu & Kashmir, the residuary powers are vested with the state government.
Benefits of removing Article 370:-
●As per Article 370, people of other regions cannot buy land or settle in Jammu & Kashmir. This is acting against the development of the region. By abolishing article 370, teachers, doctors and other professionals can settle there bringing better facilities.
●And also industries can be set up in the region and hence Jammu & Kashmir can be economically developed.
●By abolishing this article, the government can act tough against the terrorism present in the region.
●Many laws such as The prohibition of Child Marriage Act, women’s reservation were not applicable to Jammu & Kashmir, because of the provisions of Article 370. Now, all laws of India will be applicable to J&K also.
Disadvantages of removing Article 370:-
●Citizens of Jammu & Kashmir are facing so much struggle because of many reasons such as the fight between India and Pakistan, the constant presence of troops, unemployment crisis etc. So if the special status is also removed, they may feel like their voice is suppressed.
●People of J&K have a feeling that settlers from other regions will change the demography of the region. So, due to the abolition of article 370, they may protest against the central government.
Timeline:-
◆With 1954 Presidential Orders almost the entire constitution was extended to Jammu & Kashmir including most of the Constitutional Amendments.
◆Nehru said in Lok Sabha in 1963 that Article 370 has eroded.
◆94 of 97 entries in the Union List are applicable to J&K; 26 out of 47 entries of the Concurrent List have been extended. 260 of 395 Articles have been extended to the state, besides 7 of 12 Schedules.
◆There is a provision in Article 370 that it can only be revoked by the consultation of the constituent assembly of Jammu & Kashmir, but the constituent assembly dissolved itself in 1957. And since then it has been a major issue in revoking Article 370.
Conclusion:-
●Repealing Article 370 to develop the region is a good and bold step by the government. This step will help in integrating the Jammu & Kashmir region with the rest of India.
●But the way it was done is against the democratic principles because the public or the state leaders are not consulted before passing this bill. To prevent the negative consequences, the government should take effective steps for the development of the region on a war footing.
●There is a need to improve employment opportunities as promised. It is the responsibility of the government to make the people of Jammu & Kashmir feel safe and secured.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Abrogation of Article 370 -
Theme:-
●On 7th August 2019, President Ram Nath Kovind declared abrogation of Article 370 of the Indian constitution after the resolution to revoke the article was passed by both the houses of the parliament (Rajya Sabha & Lok Sabha).
What is article 370?
●Article 370 is a temporary provision of the Indian constitution which grants special status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir, under part XXI of the Constitution of India which deals with ‘Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions’. Article 370 is the only constitutional link between India and Jammu & Kashmir.
Some major provisions of Article 370:-
◆According to this article, except for foreign affairs, defence, finance and communication, Indian Parliament needs the approval of State Legislature for applying all other laws.
◆The Union government cannot declare emergency in Jammu & Kashmir unless there is a case of war or external aggression. In case of any internal disturbance or imminent danger, an emergency can be applied only by the request of state government or by its approval.
◆Citizens of J & K follow their own constitution and Indians of other states cannot buy property in J&K.
◆In India, the residuary powers are vested with the Union Government but in case of Jammu & Kashmir, the residuary powers are vested with the state government.
Benefits of removing Article 370:-
●As per Article 370, people of other regions cannot buy land or settle in Jammu & Kashmir. This is acting against the development of the region. By abolishing article 370, teachers, doctors and other professionals can settle there bringing better facilities.
●And also industries can be set up in the region and hence Jammu & Kashmir can be economically developed.
●By abolishing this article, the government can act tough against the terrorism present in the region.
●Many laws such as The prohibition of Child Marriage Act, women’s reservation were not applicable to Jammu & Kashmir, because of the provisions of Article 370. Now, all laws of India will be applicable to J&K also.
Disadvantages of removing Article 370:-
●Citizens of Jammu & Kashmir are facing so much struggle because of many reasons such as the fight between India and Pakistan, the constant presence of troops, unemployment crisis etc. So if the special status is also removed, they may feel like their voice is suppressed.
●People of J&K have a feeling that settlers from other regions will change the demography of the region. So, due to the abolition of article 370, they may protest against the central government.
Timeline:-
◆With 1954 Presidential Orders almost the entire constitution was extended to Jammu & Kashmir including most of the Constitutional Amendments.
◆Nehru said in Lok Sabha in 1963 that Article 370 has eroded.
◆94 of 97 entries in the Union List are applicable to J&K; 26 out of 47 entries of the Concurrent List have been extended. 260 of 395 Articles have been extended to the state, besides 7 of 12 Schedules.
◆There is a provision in Article 370 that it can only be revoked by the consultation of the constituent assembly of Jammu & Kashmir, but the constituent assembly dissolved itself in 1957. And since then it has been a major issue in revoking Article 370.
Conclusion:-
●Repealing Article 370 to develop the region is a good and bold step by the government. This step will help in integrating the Jammu & Kashmir region with the rest of India.
●But the way it was done is against the democratic principles because the public or the state leaders are not consulted before passing this bill. To prevent the negative consequences, the government should take effective steps for the development of the region on a war footing.
●There is a need to improve employment opportunities as promised. It is the responsibility of the government to make the people of Jammu & Kashmir feel safe and secured.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
The invisible health crisis in organisations
https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/the-invisible-health-crisis-in-organisations/story-xmiAGQRGvlUOjjLnlMW8LI.html
-via Opeddiction
https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/the-invisible-health-crisis-in-organisations/story-xmiAGQRGvlUOjjLnlMW8LI.html
-via Opeddiction
Hindustan Times
The invisible health crisis in organisations
Employee disengagement and mental health threaten all economic revival efforts. Corporations must realise this and create an environment of psychological safety and optimism as a fundamental prerequisite to ensure economic recovery
Transforming public administration
https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/transforming-public-administration/story-PZEGbLXbUIAR9Q3fQ0XmvJ.html
-via Opeddiction
https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/transforming-public-administration/story-PZEGbLXbUIAR9Q3fQ0XmvJ.html
-via Opeddiction
Hindustan Times
Transforming public administration
A new set of reforms seeks to improve the quality of bureaucracy and the nature of State-citizen interface
India must reset its priorities amid multiple crises
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/india-must-reset-its-priorities-amid-multiple-crises-11600135636163.html
-via Opeddiction
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/india-must-reset-its-priorities-amid-multiple-crises-11600135636163.html
-via Opeddiction
mint
India must reset its priorities amid multiple crises
Elections are not fought on issues of public interest, but on issues coined by political leaders
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
E-Governance
e-Governance is meant for providing government services, exchange of information, transactions, integration of previously existing services and information portals.
E-governance in India
◆Electronic Governance (e- governance) is a type of Information Technology application which stands for the government functioning in order to ensure Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent (SMART) Governance.
◆It is a complex process which requires various components like hardware, software, networking and re-engineering of the procedures for better delivery of services.
◆It is supported by five major pillars:
Computers,
Connectivity,
Content,
Consumer/s and
Confidence Building
Constitutional Provisions
●The first is the application of Information Technology for the improvement of Administration and other application of governance to the emerging Cyber Society.
●The concept of e-Governance (EG) is in principle applicable to all types of governance including Corporate Governance, the present discussion is focused on traditional responsibilities of a politically elected body (government) entrusted with the administration of a society (citizens).
●This system of governance consists of various ministries and the Parliamentary /State Legislative systems etc.
●It also includes the implementation machinery consisting of the Officials and any other organizations involved in the delivery of collective state administered services to the Citizens.
●The essence of e-governance is the Communication between the "Governing" and the "Governed" and the test of "Good Governance" is a "Harmoniously Living Society"
Initiatives in India
◆One of the first nations in the world to embark on an initiative so far reaching and seemingly impossible, India has despite the concerns about privacy ploughed on and pursued the execution of the initiative. A one-of-a-kind biometric based authentication system, the AADHAAR has gone where even developed nations are yet to venture.
◆National Knowledge Network (NKN) is a multi-gigabit platform meant to provide a unified high speed network as a backbone for educational institutions in India. This advanced network will transform education across a large number of educational institutions through never before ease and connectivity.
◆MyGov.in is a crowdsourcing platform which is created by the government to inform citizens about various policy issues and governance. This initiative has paved the way for a more democratic framework, which empowers the common citizen to influence policies and implementation.
◆The website is hosted and managed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC), and allows users to upload documents across formats.
Challenges
●While India is among the fastest developing economies in the world, India ranks 58th in this year’s Global Competitiveness Index, up five places since 2017, equitable growth remains a critical imperative.
●Due to climatic uncertainties and socio-political conditions, rural India faces the massive challenge of non-availability of credit.
●In 2016, the government of India opened up the banking sector to rural citizens and offered licenses to small time financial institutions to function as full-fledged banks.
●The financial push not only supported the farmers in further augmenting the agriculture sector but also gave them financial inclusion and stability.
Way Forward
◆In terms of e-governance, the government needs to bring radical digitisation to induce economic inclusiveness and social transformation, through initiatives like, ‘Digital India’, ‘Make in India’ and Skill India.
◆India, as a result, is gearing up for an era of increased digitisation, heralding the advent of Industry 4.0, powered by new age technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
E-Governance
e-Governance is meant for providing government services, exchange of information, transactions, integration of previously existing services and information portals.
E-governance in India
◆Electronic Governance (e- governance) is a type of Information Technology application which stands for the government functioning in order to ensure Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent (SMART) Governance.
◆It is a complex process which requires various components like hardware, software, networking and re-engineering of the procedures for better delivery of services.
◆It is supported by five major pillars:
Computers,
Connectivity,
Content,
Consumer/s and
Confidence Building
Constitutional Provisions
●The first is the application of Information Technology for the improvement of Administration and other application of governance to the emerging Cyber Society.
●The concept of e-Governance (EG) is in principle applicable to all types of governance including Corporate Governance, the present discussion is focused on traditional responsibilities of a politically elected body (government) entrusted with the administration of a society (citizens).
●This system of governance consists of various ministries and the Parliamentary /State Legislative systems etc.
●It also includes the implementation machinery consisting of the Officials and any other organizations involved in the delivery of collective state administered services to the Citizens.
●The essence of e-governance is the Communication between the "Governing" and the "Governed" and the test of "Good Governance" is a "Harmoniously Living Society"
Initiatives in India
◆One of the first nations in the world to embark on an initiative so far reaching and seemingly impossible, India has despite the concerns about privacy ploughed on and pursued the execution of the initiative. A one-of-a-kind biometric based authentication system, the AADHAAR has gone where even developed nations are yet to venture.
◆National Knowledge Network (NKN) is a multi-gigabit platform meant to provide a unified high speed network as a backbone for educational institutions in India. This advanced network will transform education across a large number of educational institutions through never before ease and connectivity.
◆MyGov.in is a crowdsourcing platform which is created by the government to inform citizens about various policy issues and governance. This initiative has paved the way for a more democratic framework, which empowers the common citizen to influence policies and implementation.
◆The website is hosted and managed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC), and allows users to upload documents across formats.
Challenges
●While India is among the fastest developing economies in the world, India ranks 58th in this year’s Global Competitiveness Index, up five places since 2017, equitable growth remains a critical imperative.
●Due to climatic uncertainties and socio-political conditions, rural India faces the massive challenge of non-availability of credit.
●In 2016, the government of India opened up the banking sector to rural citizens and offered licenses to small time financial institutions to function as full-fledged banks.
●The financial push not only supported the farmers in further augmenting the agriculture sector but also gave them financial inclusion and stability.
Way Forward
◆In terms of e-governance, the government needs to bring radical digitisation to induce economic inclusiveness and social transformation, through initiatives like, ‘Digital India’, ‘Make in India’ and Skill India.
◆India, as a result, is gearing up for an era of increased digitisation, heralding the advent of Industry 4.0, powered by new age technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Polity Short Notes.pdf
228.6 KB
#Defence_Exams_Notes
Short Notes of Indian Polity
Important for NDA,AFCAT,CDS,INET,TA
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Short Notes of Indian Polity
Important for NDA,AFCAT,CDS,INET,TA
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Indian Polity Short Notes.pdf
491.7 KB
#Defence_Exams_Notes
Short Notes of Indian Polity
Important for NDA,AFCAT,CDS,INET,TA
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Short Notes of Indian Polity
Important for NDA,AFCAT,CDS,INET,TA
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#GD_Material #Current_Affairs
Hospitals afire: on lack of safety in health-care centres
Why in news-At least 19 people died because of fire in special facilities for COVID-19 management in Vijayawada and Ahmedabad.
◆11 died in the Andhra Pradesh incident, where a hotel had been taken over by a private hospital to run a COVID-19 care centre.
◆9 patients perished in the blaze in a Gujarat hospital intensive care unit (ICU).
◆In the absence of safety systems, many died of fire and smoke inhalation, while those who survived had nothing but luck to count on.
Rising Incidents
●India accounts for nearly a fifth of the serious fire accidents in the world according to the Global Disease Burden Study 2017.
●Often, hospital buildings are regularised for unapproved constructions by State governments acting thoughtlessly.
●It’s evident that safety concerns were given short shrift in the scramble for standby arrangements.
●In the Ahmedabad ICU blaze, patients expected the institution to offer the highest levels of safety but suffered as it was ill-equipped to fight a fire.
●No special measure or awareness campaign was initiated to obviate fire hazards during the health crisis.
●These ghastly incidents show the lack of preparedness among States to manage the expanding pandemic and hasty contracting procedures.
●They have exposed the deep rot in regulatory processes for institutional and commercial building safety.
Blame Game
◆Civic and fire authorities who were expected to monitor the safety of such buildings have sought to pin responsibility for the carnage on the owners of the properties.
◆They are being held responsible for failure to obtain a no objection certificate.
◆In the case of the hotel-turned-COVID-19 care centre, carrying out electrical upgrades for safety was cited as the reason.
◆Wheres in Ahmedabad, the hospital did not have a fire safety certificate.
◆This is clearly untenable, as the Supreme Court of India observed in the Uphaar cinema fire tragedy case in Delhi, pulling up authorities for abdicating responsibility and passing the buck on to the management of the institution.
Needed Reforms
◆Safety regulation of buildings used for health-care delivery is a subset of the overall need to regulate hospitals, and States should use the recent deadly fires as the occasion to launch much-delayed reform.
◆The National Building Code of India, with additional fire safety provisions for hospitals, is the basis for hospital accreditation systems, but these should be made mandatory and enforced in all States.
◆If smoke alarms and sprinkler systems, along with local fire-fighting aids are available, loss of life can be eliminated.
◆All patients should also be covered by substantial life insurance.
◆Evacuation systems for ICU patients need to be part of the building design.
◆After the tragedies in Ahmedabad and Vijayawada, the chief ministers of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh have asked fire safety personnel to conduct safety audits of COVID-care facilities. Other states should follow suit.
◆◆The many fires in institutional buildings and their terrible toll should lead to a full inspection of all such facilities for safety, with civil society keeping up the pressure on governments to act.
◆◆It’s high time that measures are taken to root out the culture of cutting corners on safety.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Hospitals afire: on lack of safety in health-care centres
Why in news-At least 19 people died because of fire in special facilities for COVID-19 management in Vijayawada and Ahmedabad.
◆11 died in the Andhra Pradesh incident, where a hotel had been taken over by a private hospital to run a COVID-19 care centre.
◆9 patients perished in the blaze in a Gujarat hospital intensive care unit (ICU).
◆In the absence of safety systems, many died of fire and smoke inhalation, while those who survived had nothing but luck to count on.
Rising Incidents
●India accounts for nearly a fifth of the serious fire accidents in the world according to the Global Disease Burden Study 2017.
●Often, hospital buildings are regularised for unapproved constructions by State governments acting thoughtlessly.
●It’s evident that safety concerns were given short shrift in the scramble for standby arrangements.
●In the Ahmedabad ICU blaze, patients expected the institution to offer the highest levels of safety but suffered as it was ill-equipped to fight a fire.
●No special measure or awareness campaign was initiated to obviate fire hazards during the health crisis.
●These ghastly incidents show the lack of preparedness among States to manage the expanding pandemic and hasty contracting procedures.
●They have exposed the deep rot in regulatory processes for institutional and commercial building safety.
Blame Game
◆Civic and fire authorities who were expected to monitor the safety of such buildings have sought to pin responsibility for the carnage on the owners of the properties.
◆They are being held responsible for failure to obtain a no objection certificate.
◆In the case of the hotel-turned-COVID-19 care centre, carrying out electrical upgrades for safety was cited as the reason.
◆Wheres in Ahmedabad, the hospital did not have a fire safety certificate.
◆This is clearly untenable, as the Supreme Court of India observed in the Uphaar cinema fire tragedy case in Delhi, pulling up authorities for abdicating responsibility and passing the buck on to the management of the institution.
Needed Reforms
◆Safety regulation of buildings used for health-care delivery is a subset of the overall need to regulate hospitals, and States should use the recent deadly fires as the occasion to launch much-delayed reform.
◆The National Building Code of India, with additional fire safety provisions for hospitals, is the basis for hospital accreditation systems, but these should be made mandatory and enforced in all States.
◆If smoke alarms and sprinkler systems, along with local fire-fighting aids are available, loss of life can be eliminated.
◆All patients should also be covered by substantial life insurance.
◆Evacuation systems for ICU patients need to be part of the building design.
◆After the tragedies in Ahmedabad and Vijayawada, the chief ministers of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh have asked fire safety personnel to conduct safety audits of COVID-care facilities. Other states should follow suit.
◆◆The many fires in institutional buildings and their terrible toll should lead to a full inspection of all such facilities for safety, with civil society keeping up the pressure on governments to act.
◆◆It’s high time that measures are taken to root out the culture of cutting corners on safety.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
BE READY FOR "GROUP DISCUSSION" AT SHARP 10:30 am LADIES and GENTLEMEN.
Ladies and gentleman it's advised not to send texts not pertaining to the topic of discussion in mid of GD, any hindrance will result in ban from the discussion and if any buddy try be bully, or passing vulgar comment in this group just try to ignore him/her and tag his/her message to us. We know how deal with that kind of super humans.
Keep Participating✌️
Keep Participating✌️
#DAILY_GD_practice
"PLEASE" READ EACH WORD PROPERLY
The Centre introduced the three Bills on food and agriculture reform in the Lok Sabha on Monday which resulted into protest from the Opposition parties and the farmers groups.
Discuss: What do you think will be impact of these reforms on agriculture community?
SUBPOINTS
1. Enhance connectivity and transparency between farmers and traders.
2. Profits private players and ensures introduction of technology
3. Centralisation of power and revenue collection from agri sector
TRY TO GIVE YOUR POINT OF VIEW ON EACH POINT. TO UTILIZE YOUR OWN TIME IN A GAINFULL MANNER JUST PARTICIPATION SHOULD NOT BE THE PRIMARY GOAL GENTLEMAN.
to join the discussion :- https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion
"PLEASE" READ EACH WORD PROPERLY
The Centre introduced the three Bills on food and agriculture reform in the Lok Sabha on Monday which resulted into protest from the Opposition parties and the farmers groups.
Discuss: What do you think will be impact of these reforms on agriculture community?
SUBPOINTS
1. Enhance connectivity and transparency between farmers and traders.
2. Profits private players and ensures introduction of technology
3. Centralisation of power and revenue collection from agri sector
TRY TO GIVE YOUR POINT OF VIEW ON EACH POINT. TO UTILIZE YOUR OWN TIME IN A GAINFULL MANNER JUST PARTICIPATION SHOULD NOT BE THE PRIMARY GOAL GENTLEMAN.
to join the discussion :- https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion
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Stage 2 Test- Psych tests, GTO, GPE, GD, Lecturette, PI session, Current Affairs, Defence News and Updates
Please Check the Pinned Texts.