#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
#Important_notes_ssb

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification

Established in 1994, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the sole legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management.

It is the only convention stemming from a direct recommendation of the Rio Conference’s Agenda 21.

Focus Areas: The Convention addresses specifically the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, known as the drylands, where some of the most vulnerable ecosystems and peoples can be found.

From India, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is the nodal Ministry for this Convention.

World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought 2020

June 17 is observed worldwide as World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought.

Theme: Food, Feed, Fibre which seeks to educate individuals on how to reduce the impact of food consumption.

According to the United Nations, 2020 Desertification and Drought Day focuses on the links between consumption and land.

This year’s ‘global observance event’ is being hosted virtually by the Korea Forest Service.

Zoonoses

It is any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans.
Animals thus play an essential role in maintaining zoonotic infections in nature.
Zoonoses may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic.

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#TAT_SET78(ORIGINAL SERIES )
#DAILY_PRACTICE
" VERY IMPORTANT IMAGE"
today just try to send your idea/perception/situation along with ACTIONS/ STORY.

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#DAILY_PRACTICE

1. He had taken late admission. The speed of the teacher is slightly fast and he has also to cover the finished portion. He would......
2-His friend has been fined for action but during the period he was actually taking part in games organized by his school. No one is listening to him. He....
3. He has some misunderstanding with his colleague obviously knowing his colleague to be in the wrong. He…………………………..
4. He is an excellent hockey player and had represented his school team. However, in the college he is not selected because of obvious favoritism. He…………………………..
5. The subordinates of Mr. Sahil are unhappy with him because of the incitement by a jealous colleague. Mr. Sahil…………..
6. You have to reach Bhopal from Coimbatore for the Service Selection Board but fails to get road or air reservation. You…………………………..
7. After train journey he discovers that his brief case has been exchanged with some fellow traveler. The brief case in his possession now contains valuables and gold. He…………………………
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#DAILY_PRACTICE
#WAT_SET54
1.Worry
2.Youth
3. Entertain
4. War
5. Parallel
6. Rational
7. Govern
8. Applaud
9. Agree
10. Luck

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#Important_notes_ssb
#Current_Affairs #Science_Technology

Largest Decline in Arctic Sea Ice-

Why in News-The National Centre of Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) has observed the largest decline in the Arctic Sea ice in the last 41 years.

●The decline in the Arctic Sea ice is due to global warming — leading to localised increase in evaporation, air humidity, cloud cover and rainfall.

Key Points

Increased Rate of Sea Ice Decline:
◆In the last 40 years (1979-2018), the sea ice has been declining at 4.7% per decade, while the current declining rate was found to be 13% in July 2019.

◆Thus, it has been noted that the volume of ice formation during winters is unable to keep pace with the volume of ice loss during summers.

◆Additionally, it has been predicted that if this trend continues, there would be no ice left in the Arctic Sea by 2050.

Impacts:
◆The decrease of the Arctic Sea ice area and the increase in the duration of summer and autumn seasons affected the local weather and climate over the Arctic Ocean and its marginal seas.
◆Being a sensitive indicator of climate change, the loss of ice cover in the Arctic Sea may affect other components of the climate system such as reduction of heat, water vapour, and other material exchange between the atmosphere and the sea.
◆The northern hemisphere experienced record high-temperature rise, especially during the spring and summer months.

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#Current_Affairs

India elected as Non-Permanent Member of UNSC for a two-year term

●India was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for a two-year term after winning 184 votes in the 193-member General Assembly.

●Along with India, Ireland, Mexico and Norway also won the Security Council elections. 

●India was a candidate for a non-permanent seat from the Asia-Pacific category for the 2021-22 term. Its victory was certain as it was the sole candidate vying for the lone seat from the grouping. New Delhi's candidature was unanimously endorsed by the 55-member Asia-Pacific grouping in June last year.

●India's two year term will begin on January 1, 2021. This is the eighth time that India will sit at the UN high-table, which comprises five permanent members and 10 non-permanent members.

India's Envoy to UN- T S Tirumurti
HQ- NewYork

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#Current_Affairs #Sports_Series

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#Current_Affairs #GD_MATERIAL

AatmaNirbhar Bharat Economic Stimulus Package

First Tranche
1. 3 lakh crore collateral-free loans( loans provided to borrower without any guarantee ) to MSME( contribution to GDP about 37% )to infuse liquidity( degree to which an asset can be quickly bought or sold in the market)

2. Rs 90,000 crore for Electricity Distribution Companies(discoms). In addition, government waived off fixed charges and interstate transmission charges by state-owned Power Grid Corp. of India.

3. Rs 50,000 crore equity infusion ( stock investment by investors ) by Funds of Funds( pool of the investers investment fund or mutual fund that allows investor to diversify their investment in different mutual funds. ) in MSME.

4. Rs. 45,000 crore partial (20%) credit guarantee (backs loan taken by beneficiary as a form of collateral) and liquidity relief measures worth Rs. 30,000 crore for non-banking financial institutions like NBFC, HFC etc (assures lending agency to readily supply loans).

5. EPF ( Employee Provident Fund ) deductions from salary slashed to 20% from 24% (could be a dent on retirement savings) for 3 months.

6. IT (Income Tax) returns deadline extended.

7. Tax Deducted at Source (TDS: avoids tax evasion) and Tax Collected at Source (TCS) got reduced by 25% till 31st March of next year.

Second Tranche
1. 'One nation, One ration card’ introduced to allow migrant worker to get ration ( 5kg grain/person & 1kg chana/family ) from any depot in the country.

2. Credit facility worth Rs. 5,000 crore to support street vendors to an initial Rs. 10,000 working capital each.

3. Cheap rental and housing scheme for migrant workers/Urban poor.

4. 2% interest subvention( grant by government paying part of interest on loan) on Mudra Shishu loans for small business.

4. Rs. 6,000 crore for job creation using CAMPA funds.

5. Rs. 2 lakh crore to farmers ( including fishermen and animal husbandry ) through Kisan Credit card which enables them to get institutional credit at a concessional rate in addition to Rs. 30,000 crore additional emergency working capital from NABARD.

6. Government allowed states to fund the food and shelter facilities to migrant workers from the disaster response fund that would cost Rs 11,000 crore to the centre.

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AatmaNirbhar Bharat Economic Stimulus Package

Third Tranche
1. Rs 1 lakh crore is allocated for agriculture infrastructure fund for farm-gate infrastructure including using it for setting up cold chains and post-harvest management infrastructure.

2. Rs. 20,000 to be provided to fisherman through Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojna.

3. Rs. 10,000 crore to formalise Micro Food Enterprises(done to expand reach of local value-added products to global markets)

4. Rs. 4,000 crore for herbal cultivation.

5. Rs. 15,000 crore for Animal Husbandry Infrastructure Development Fund.

6. Rs. 500 crore for bee-keeping related infrastructure development.

7. Extending ‘Operation Green’ to all fruits and vegetables (previously only for TOP(Tomato, Onion, Potato) crops with an aim to stabilise the supply, availability and price all round the country).

8. Amendments to Essential Commodities Act (read about the Act and amendments) to enable better price realisation for farmers.

Fourth Tranche
1. Introduction of commercial mining through auction and investment of 50,000 crores for infrastructural development(will reduce imports and dependency in coal production).

2. FDI limit in the defence manufacturing under automatic route will be raised from 49% to 74%.

3. Under 'Make In India’, self reliance in defence production through ban on listed weapons/platforms and indigenisation.

4. Corporatisation of Ordnance Factory Board.

5. Restriction on utilisation of the Indian Air Space eased so that civilian flying will become more efficient by saving time and fuel (Reduction in flying cost of Rs 1000 crores/year). Also, result in positive impact on environment.

6. Discoms in Union Territories to be privatised (Will lead to better service to consumers and improvement in operational and financial efficiency in distribution)

7. Allowed participation of private firms (Blue origin, Astrobotic etc) in satellite and space based services and also in usage of ISRO facilities.

8. Atomic research reactors to be developed in PPP(Public-private partnership: a funding model) mode for production of medical isotopes and using irradiation for food preservation.

Fifth Tranche
1. Non-strategic public sector to be privatised whereas no more than four public sector undertakings in strategic sectors.

2. Borrowing ceiling raised from Rs. 6.41 lakh crore to Rs. 10.69 lakh crore for states.

3. MNREGA allocation hiked by Rs. 40,000 crore (for job creation, Rs. 61,000 crore was already allocated in the budget of current financial year).

4. Fresh insolvency proceedings against MSME suspended for a year (to improve ease of doing business among MSME) excluding Covid-19 related debt from ‘default’ category.

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#DAILY_PRACTICE_SRT
#SOLUTION

1. He had taken late admission. The speed of the teacher is slightly fast and he has also to cover the finished portion. He would_______copied notes from friends notebooks,took help of teachers,cleared doubts,covered missed syllabus.

2-His friend has been fined for action but during the period he was actually taking part in games organized by his school. No one is listening to him. He_______proved friend's innocence giving letter of sports department, adviced him to take prior permission in future.

3. He has some misunderstanding with his colleague obviously knowing his colleague to be in the wrong. He_______retrospect, approached and cleared all doubts giving logical points,keep good relations with them.

4. He is an excellent hockey player and had represented his school team. However, in the college he is not selected because of obvious favoritism. He_______continued practice, requested coach to give trails, performed well,got himself in the team.

5. The subordinates of Mr. Sahil are unhappy with him because of the incitement by a jealous colleague. Mr. Sahil_______cleared all misunderstanding interacting with subordinates, maintained healthy relations thereafter.

6. You have to reach Bhopal from Coimbatore for the Selection Board but fails to get road or air reservation. You_______Got reservation of train, boarded and reached on time.

7. After train journey he discovers that his brief case has been exchanged with some fellow traveler. The brief case in his possession now contains valuables and gold. He_______called him using ID card in briefcase,meet and exchanged briefcases,took care in future traveling.

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#DAILY_PRACTICE
#WAT_SET54
#solutions

1.Worry:Courage and valour avoids worries//Hardworking people never worry about end result

2.Youth: Youth plays immense role in growth of a country//Great leaders inspire youth with their life

3. Entertain: Adventure sports give entertainment//Movies entertain and gives social message//Entertainment keeps mind relaxed

4. War: Diplomatic talks remove war conditions//War cry uplift morale of soldiers//Efficient plan helps in war situations

5. Parallel:Back up plan works parallely with main plan// Parallel part time jobs during higher studies gives financial security

6. Rational:Rational thinking brings people together//Impartial leaders takes rational decisions

7. Govern:Good governance helps a nation develop//E- governance enhance transparency of system

8. Applaud: Honesty earns respect and applause//Those giving selfless help are applauded by all//Applause gives more encouragement

9. Agree:Mutual agreement solves problems//Calm discussions result in agreement

10. Luck:Luck favours those who take initiatives//Luck backs up people who work hard

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#Important_notes_ssb
#Current_Affairs #Defence_News

First time India send Tri Services contingent to Russia's Victory Day Parade-

●India is to send its tri-services contingent of all three services namely army, navy and air force to Russia. The contingents are to take part in Victory Day Parade to be held in Moscow.

Highlights-
● Around 75 to 80 personnel are to reach Moscow to take part in the Victory Day parade. This is the first time all the three services of India are participating.India is to send 75 of its soldiers. 25 from Army, 25 from Navy and 25 from Air Force.Earlier in 2015,the Indian Army alone took part in the parade.

Victory Day Parade
● Every year, the Victory Day is celebrated on May 9. However, due to the COVID-19 crisis the parade was postponed. The parade is held every year to mark the surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945.The military parade of Russia is held at the Red Square, Moscow with the President of Russia as the guest of honour.

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#Current_Affairs

Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan

Why in the news-Government of India has recently decided to launch a massive rural public works scheme ‘Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan.

About Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan
◆It will be launched from Village – Telihar, Block- Beldaur of Khagaria District of Bihar.

Objective-
●The main objective of the scheme is to empower and provide livelihood opportunities to the returnee migrant workers and rural citizens. 
●It is a campaign of 125 days, which will work in mission mode, will involve intensified and focused implementation of 25 different types of works on employing the migrant workers. Coordinate agency
●The Abhiyaan will be a coordinated effort between 12 different Ministries/Departments, namely, Rural Development, Panchayati Raj, Road Transport & Highways, Mines, Drinking Water & Sanitation, Environment, Railways, Petroleum & Natural Gas, New & Renewable Energy, Border Roads, Telecom and Agriculture.
●A total of 116 Districts across six States, namely Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Odisha, have been chosen for the campaign.
●It will also include 27 Aspirational Districts.

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China’s growing threat via debt-trap diplomacy

Why in the news-China has been using the financial tool of debt to gain influence across the world and grab considerable power in India’s neighbouring countries.

How does China’s debt-trap diplomacy work?

●In a push to gain rapid political and economic ascendency across the globe, China is dispensing billions of dollars in the form of concessional loans to developing countries, mostly for its large-scale infrastructure projects. 

●Often, developing nations are lured by China’s offer of cheap loans for transformative infra projects, which involve a substantial investment. 

●These developing nations, which are primarily low- or middle-income countries, are unable to keep up with the repayments, and Beijing then gets a chance to demand concessions or advantages in exchange for debt relief.

For example- 

◆Sri Lanka, for instance, was forced to hand over control of the Hambantota port project to China for 99 years, after it found itself under massive debt owed to Beijing. 

◆This allowed China to control over a key port positioned at the doorstep of its regional rival India and a strategic foothold along a key commercial and military waterway. 

◆Similarly, in exchange for relief, China constructed its first military base in Djibouti. In contrast, Angola is replaying multibillion-dollar debt to China with crude oil, creating major problems for its economy.

How is the debt trap affecting India?

●Most of India’s neighbours have fallen prey to China’s debt trap and ceded to China’s $8 trillion project – One Belt One Road Initiative (OBOR) which seeks to improve connectivity among countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. 

●The initiative requires India to accept that the Kashmir-controlled Pakistan region is Pakistan because that’s where some of the projects are.

●China, through OBOR, can hence increase India’s political cost of dealing with its neighbours.

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