SSB Future Officers

#GD_Material #Basic_Information

Misinformation v/s Disinformation v/s Mal-information:

✓Most of the time Fake news conflates three different notions: misinformation, disinformation, and mal -information.

✓Misinformations are false information, but when a person conveys it, believes that it is true and shares.

✓Disinformation is those which are shared intentionally by a person after knowing that it is not true; false information which is intended to mislead.

✓Information that is based on reality but imposes harm on a person, organisation, or country is termed as mal-information.

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SSB Future Officers

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material #Defence_News

Future of Agniveers[1/3]

✓We live in times where the nature of combat has transformed beyond recognition.

✓India faces threats not just from land, water and the sky but also from cybertech, the internet of military things and artificial intelligence.

✓There is, therefore, a need for a better equipped and more prepared military. To fulfill the need of young and well equipped armed forces, the government came up with the Agnipath Scheme.

✓Soon, the armed forces will begin the all-important task of recruiting India’s Agniveers, who have been envisaged as the backbone of our combat units. In this context, let’s understand the nucleus of the Agnipath Scheme.

❓What is Agnipath Scheme all About?

-About:

✓The government has unveiled the Agnipath scheme for recruiting soldiers across the Three services (Army, Navy and Airforce).

✓It allows patriotic and motivated youth to serve in the Armed Forces for a period of four years.
Youth joining the army will be called Agniveer. Youth will be able to be recruited into the army for a period of 4 years.

✓However, after four years, only 25% of the batch will be recruited back into their respective services, for a period of 15 years.

-Eligibility:

✓It is only for personnel below officer ranks those who do not join the forces as commissioned officers.

✓Commissioned officers hold an exclusive rank in the Indian armed forces. They often hold a commission under the president's sovereign power and are officially instructed to protect the country.

✓Aspirants between the ages of 17.5 years and 23 years will be eligible to apply.

-Benefits for Agniveers:

✓Upon the completion of the 4-years of service, a one-time ‘Seva Nidhi’ package of ₹11.71 lakhs will be paid to the Agniveers that will include their accrued interest thereon.

✓They will also get a ₹48 lakh life insurance cover for the four years.
In case of death, the payout will be over ₹1 crore, including pay for the unserved tenure.

✓The government will help rehabilitate soldiers who leave the services after four years. They will be provided with skill certificates and bridge courses.

‼️What was the need for such a scheme?

-Lower the Median Age:

✓One of the reasons for implementation of the Agnipath Yojana is to lower the median age of our personnel.

✓The need for it was felt after the 1962 war with China. Decades later, the Kargil Review Committee also highlighted the same.

✓In the Indian Army today, only 19% of the personnel are below 25 years of age and a whopping 19% are in the age group of 36-40.

✓Since both China and Pakistan have mountainous terrain, units with a lower age profile will perform better in such areas.

-Future Ready Soldiers:

✓Nature of warfare is changing and is becoming increasingly multi-domain and becoming increasingly evolving in different aspects of warfare, be it cyber, space, information warfare.

✓There are new technological infusions in terms of recruitment and systems. So the forces need to leverage this technology to come up with a future-ready fighting force.

-Focus on Research and Development:

✓More than half the defence budget is allocated for pensions every year while less than 5% is allocated for research and development.

✓One key reason for the Agnipath scheme, which aims to recruit defence personnel in short-term contracts, could be to reduce increasing pension payments in the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

✓It will enable more investment in R&D of the Defence Sector.

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SSB Future Officers

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material #Defence_News

Future of Agniveers[2/3]

❓What are the Concerns of Agniveers?

-Difficult to Find Another Job:

✓The 'Agnipath' scheme opens the way for recruitment of about 45,000 soldiers into Army, Navy and Air Force in the first year but on a short-term contract of four years.

✓After the completion of the contract, 25% of them will be retained and the rest will leave the forces.

✓Our four years of service will mean other jobs will be out of reach after that, and we will be left behind our peers.

-No Pension Benefit:

✓Those hired under the 'Agnipath' scheme will be given a one-time lump sum of a little more than Rs 11 lakh when they end their four-year tenure.

✓However, they do not receive any pension benefits. For most, seeking a second job is essential to support themselves and their families.

-Training May Remain Unutilized:

✓Forces will lose experienced soldiers.The jawans joining the Army, Navy and Air Force will be given technical training so that they are able to support the ongoing operations.

✓But these men and women will leave after four years, which could create a void.

⁉️What are Government’s Promises for Non-Retained Agniveers?

-Ease in Bank Loans:

✓The government will help the disbanded Agniveers to start the next phase with bank loans, which will be extended to them on priority.

-Preference in Other Services:

✓A proposal to reserve 10% of the job vacancies in the Union Ministry of Defence for Agniveers meeting the eligibility criterion has also been approved.

✓This reservation will be implemented in the Indian Coast Guard, defence civilian posts and all 16 Defence Public Sector Undertakings.

✓This is in addition to the existing reservation for ex-servicemen.
The Ministry of Home Affairs has also announced schemes to ensure that the Agniveers get opportunities to remain in the nation’s service beyond the four years they serve under the Agnipath Scheme.

✓It has announced a 10% reservation as well as an upper age limit relaxation for Agniveers for recruitment in the Central Armed Paramilitary Forces (CAPFs) and Assam Rifles.

✓The upper age limit for the CAPFs — Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), and the National Security Guard (NSG), Special Protection Group (SPG) — will be 26 years.

✓The Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) has announced six service avenues for a smooth transition of the Agniveers in various roles of the Merchant Navy after their stint in the Indian Navy.

✓Several states, including Assam, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, have announced preferential recruitment of Agniveers in respective government jobs.

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SSB Future Officers

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material #Defence_News

Future of Agniveers[3/3]

-Education:

✓National Institute of Open Schooling has announced that it will institute a special programme in consultation with defence authorities to enable Agniveers to further their education and obtain a Class XII pass certificate.

✓The Ministry of Education has decided to launch a three-year skill-based bachelor’s degree programme for serving defence personnel that will recognise the training they have received during stint time in the armed forces.

⁉️What Could be the Way Forward?

-Ease in Licensing:

✓Government should consider relaxation in mandatory licensing regulations for Agniveers to attract more of them to invest in starting up a business unit.

✓It will act as a double benefit move of providing entrepreneurial opportunity and growth in the economy.

-Tax Exemptions:

✓Tax exemptions on salary income/profit earned through business for a specific initial period could be considered. It will attract more Agniveers to either take up an employment opportunity or start up a business.

✓It will work as an eliminating factor of spending idle money and being unemployed.

-Attractive Interest Rates:

✓Banks can consider giving attractive interest rates on the deposits of Agniveers.

✓It will also act as a double benefit move as an attractive interest rate will act as earning for Agniveers and banks will get access to more money in the market.

-Relaxation in Admission to Institutions:

✓For those Agniveers who want to pursue higher education, a relaxation in the admission criteria (relaxation in cut off etc) will prove to be a major attraction.

✓Highly qualified and disciplined Agniveers will have the ability to take up ample opportunities available to them.

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SSB Future Officers

#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview #Sports_Series

✓With his throw of 88.13m on his fourth attempt in the men's javelin throw final in Oregon, Subedar Neeraj Chopra ensured himself a historic silver medal.

✓This is India's only second medal at the World Championships after long-jumper Anju Bobby George's bronze in 2003.

✓Neeraj Chopra has once again made Indian Army and the Nation proud.

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Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)

SSB Future Officers

#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview
#INTERNATIONAL_INTERGOVERNMENTALORGANISATIONS
About South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
• SAARC was established with the signing of the SAARC Charter in Dhaka in 1985. Its secretariat is in Kathmandu…

3.3K viewsAnkit, 12:51

SSB Future Officers

Accelerating the pace of India’s defence research | ORF
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/accelerating-the-pace-of-indias-defence-research/

ORF

Accelerating the pace of India’s defence research

The conflict in Ukraine, western tech sanctions on the Russian aerospace industry and the consequent Russian defence production.

3.7K viewsAnkit, 15:15

SSB Future Officers

25-07-22 _ current affairs .pdf

3.8 MB

#Current_Affairs

25-07-22, current affairs

Important for upcoming defence exams.

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SSB Future Officers

#DAILY_PRACTICE #WAT_SET

1.Gender
2.Mortality
3.Objective
4.Humor
5.Jibe
6.Kite
7.Brigade
8.Briefcase
9.Lecture
10.Convicted
11.Circus
12.Frame
13.Learn
14.System
15.Passion
16.Music
17.Bliss
18.Quick
19.Working
20.Stability

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SSB Future Officers

#DAILY_PRACTICE #SRT_SET

1.Conductor came to check his ticket, but he found that his purse was pick pocketed containing the ticket and cash………

2.During journey, he found some miscreants entering the compartment
and trying to loot the passengers. He……

3.While going on a mountaineering trip he found one member of his team was injured and some had got tired because of the longer route taken by the team. He……

4.As captain of the team, he found his players rather discouraged while playing a match. He……

5.He was face to face with armed Nagas in the forest. He………

6.When his close relations refused to help him financially. He…

7.He saw fire in a village, people were panicking. He…

8.Due to heavy rains the river was rising and he had to cross the river. He……

9.While going over the bridge over a river with his friends, he found half of the party had crossed the river bridge when suddenly the bridge collapsed. He……

10.He met with a serious accident while going on a bicycle, resulting in serious injury to pillion rider and serious damage to his vehicle.He……

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SSB Future Officers

#DAILY_PRACTICE
#TAT_SET544

Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within the prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.

(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within the prescribed time.)

Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.

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SSB Future Officers

https://www.ajaishukla.com/2022/07/mod-bans-import-of-18-major-defence.html

Broadsword by Ajai Shukla - Strategy. Economics. Defence.

MoD bans import of 18 major defence platforms

4.4K viewsAnkit, 06:48

SSB Future Officers

4.1K viewsAnkit, 19:05

SSB Future Officers

26-07-22 _ current affairs .pdf

3.7 MB

#Current_Affairs

26-07-22, current affairs

Important for upcoming defence exams.

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Photo

#Basic_Information #GD_Material

✓The Kargil War was an armed conflict between India & Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir.

✓The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers, imposing as Kashmiri militants, into positions on the Indian side of the Line of Control, which serves as the de facto border between the two nations.

❗History:

* The genesis of the Kargil War can be traced back to 1984, when India took control of what is known as the highest battlefield in the world: the Siachen Glacier.
* Apart from India, Siachen is strategically important for Pakistan as well as China.
* The infiltrators positioned themselves in key locations that gave them a strategic advantage during the start of the conflict.
* Pakistani soldiers had positioned themselves at higher altitudes, which gave them an advantage in combat, as they could fire down at advancing Indian troops.
* Operation Vijay was launched by the Indian Army to recapture the Indian territories from Pakistani intruders in the Kargil-Drass sector in 1999.
* India eventually won the war by regaining control of all the previously held territory, re-establishing the status quo ante-bellum.
* Safed Sagar, the Indian Air Force's operation, was a major part of the Kargil war. It used air power at the height of 32,000 feet for the first time.
* Kargil was the first war between India and Pakistan after the one in 1971 which had led to the formation of Bangladesh as a separate country.

✓Built by the Indian army, the Kargil War memorial wall in Dras has inscriptions of all the Indian soldiers who lost their lives in the war. The Memorial also has a museum with documents, recordings and pictures of the Indian soldiers at Kargil.

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SSB Future Officers

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Kargil Vijay Diwas

✓Why in News: The 23rd anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas is being observed on the 26th of July 2022.

✓The day is dedicated to the martyred soldiers of the Kargil war.

❓What do we know about the Kargil War?

-About:

✓After the Indo-Pak war of 1971, there had been many military conflicts.

✓Both the countries conducted nuclear tests in 1998 which further escalated tensions and finally the Kargil War in 1999.

✓Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was fought between May-July of 1999 in the Kargil (now a district in the UT of Ladakh) district of Jammu and Kashmir along the Line of Control (LoC) in which India got the victory.

-Operation Vijay:

✓In the year 1999, India and Pakistan signed the Lahore Agreement to mutually resolve the Kashmir issue in a peaceful manner.

✓However, the Pakistani troops began infiltrating toward the Indian side of the Line of Control (LoC) under Operation Badr, hoping to cut off Indian Troops in Siachen.

✓The Indian Army responded by launching Operation Vijay.
On 3rd May 1999, Pakistan started this war when it had infiltrated into the high altitudes in the rocky mountainous region of Kargil with around 5,000 soldiers and captured it.

✓When the Indian Government got the information about it, ‘Operation Vijay’ was launched by the Indian army to throw back the intruders who had treacherously occupied Indian Territory.

❗What is the National War Memorial?

✓Inaugurated in 2019, it is around 400 meters from India Gate.
The layout of the structure comprises four concentric circles, named:

-the "Amar Chakra" or Circle of Immortality.
-the "Veerta Chakra" or Circle of Bravery.
-the "Tyag Chakra" or Circle of Sacrifice.
-the "Rakshak Chakra" or Circle of Protection.

✓The proposal for a National War Memorial was first made in the 1960s.

✓The memorial is dedicated to soldiers who laid down their lives defending the nation during:

Sino-Indian war in 1962
Indo-Pak wars in 1947, 1965 and 1971
Indian Peace Keeping Force Operations in Sri Lanka 1987-90
Kargil Conflict in 1999.

✓The National War Memorial also commemorates the soldiers who participated and made supreme sacrifices in United Nations peace-keeping missions, Humanitarian Assistance Disaster Relief (HADR) operations, counterinsurgency operations and Low-Intensity Conflict Operations (LICO).

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27-07-22 _ current affairs .pdf

3.9 MB

#Current_Affairs

27-07-22, current affairs

Important for upcoming defence exams.

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Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Heatwaves in India[1/3]

✓The advent of heatwaves has adversely affected the whole world and India is no outlier in this context. According to a report by Lancet, India’s vulnerability to extreme heat increased 15% from 1990 to 2019.

✓The five warmest years ever recorded in India have all been in the last decade.

✓In May 2022, the European Space Agency recorded land surface temperatures nearing 55°C over many parts of northwest India, crossing 60°C in some pockets. The five warmest years ever recorded in India have all been in the last decade.

✓Moreover, humidity, scant rain, and high temperatures have pushed up discomfort levels, making the lives of those without cooling facilities even tougher. Heat stress should no longer come as a surprise. It demands a comprehensive response.

❓What is a Heatwave?

✓A heatwave is a period of abnormally high temperatures, a common phenomenon in India during the months of May-June and in some rare cases even extends till July.

✓India Meteorological Department (IMD) classifies heat waves according to regions and their temperature ranges.As per IMD, the number of heatwave days in India has increased from 413 over 1981-1990 to 600 over 2011-2020.

✓This sharp rise in the number of heatwave days has resulted due to the increasing impact of climate change.

‼️What is the Criteria for Declaring a Heatwave?

✓The Heatwave is considered when the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C for Plains and at least 30°C for Hilly regions.

✓If the normal maximum temperature of a station is less than or equal to 40°C, then an increase of 5°C to 6°C from the normal temperature is considered to be heat wave condition.

✓Further, an increase of 7°C or more from the normal temperature is considered a severe heat wave condition.

✓If the normal maximum temperature of a station is more than 40°C, then an increase of 4°C to 5°C from the normal temperature is considered to be heat wave condition. Further, an increase of 6°C or more is considered a severe heat wave condition.

✓Additionally, if the actual maximum temperature remains 45°C or more irrespective of normal maximum temperature, a heat wave is declared.

✓In 2016, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) issued comprehensive guidelines to prepare national level key strategies for mitigating the impact of heatwaves.

❓What are the Impacts of Heat Waves In India?

-Economic Impacts: The frequent occurrence of heat waves also adversely affects different sectors of the economy.
For instance, the livelihood of poor and marginal farmers is negatively impacted due to the loss of working days.

✓Heatwaves also have an adverse impact on daily wage workers’ productivity, impacting the economy.

-Impact on Agriculture Sector: Crop yields suffer when temperatures exceed the ideal range.

✓Farmers in Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh have reported losses in their wheat crop in the past rabi season. Across India, wheat production could be down 6-7% due to heat waves.

-Livestock is also vulnerable to heatwaves.

✓Researchers at Cornell University estimate that, by 2100, milk yields in India could drop by 25% (against 2005 levels) in arid and semi-arid dairy farming due to increased heat stress.

-Impact on Electricity Usage: Naturally, heatwaves impact power load.

✓In the North India, the average daily peak demand in April was 13% higher than 2021 and 30% higher in May.

-Human Mortality: Mortality due to heat waves occurs because of rising temperature, lack of public awareness programmes, and inadequate long-term mitigation measures.

✓According to a 2019 report of the Tata Centre for Development and the University of Chicago, by 2100, annually, more than 1.5 million people will be likely to die due to extreme heat caused by climate change.

✓The increased heat will lead to an increase in diseases like diabetes, circulatory and respiratory conditions, as well as mental health challenges.

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Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Heatwaves in India[2/3]

-Food Insecurity: The concurrence of heat and drought events are causing crop production losses and tree mortality.

✓The risks to health and food production will be made more severe from the sudden food production losses exacerbated by heat-induced labour productivity losses.

✓These interacting impacts will increase food prices, reduce household incomes, and lead to malnutrition and climate-related deaths, especially in tropical regions.

-Impact on Workers: Workers in sectors like agriculture and construction will be severely impacted in 2030 because India’s large population depends on these sectors for their livelihoods.

-Weaker Sections to be Specifically Affected: The climate science community has reported overwhelming evidence that extreme events such as heatwaves are likely to become more intense, more frequent and of longer duration in future unless emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols are significantly cut globally.

✓It is important to remember that heatwaves in India, such as the current event, have the potential to influence thousands of vulnerable and poor people who contributed very little to the climate crisis.

‼️What Long-Term Strategies does India need to Adopt to Mitigate the Impacts of Heat Waves?

-A Heat Waves Action Plan: The adverse impacts of heat waves indicate that effective disaster adaptation strategies and more robust disaster management policies are required in heatwave zones to lessen the impact of heatwaves.

✓As deaths due to heatwaves are preventable, the government must prioritise preparing a long-term action plan to safeguard human lives, livestock, and wildlife.

✓Effective implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-30 with the State playing a leading role and sharing responsibility with other stakeholders is now the need of the hour.

-Public Awareness and Early Warning Systems: Disseminating public awareness through print, electronic and social media, providing heat-proof shelter facilities in heatwave prone areas during summer, easing access to public drinking water, and afforestation programmes in urban and rural areas would help mitigate heat wave fatalities.

✓Death from heat waves can be prevented by installing improved early warning systems that communicate heatwave threats, recommend different preventative measures, and constrain disaster impacts.

-Implementing Climate Action Plans: National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) should be implemented in true spirit for inclusive growth and ecological sustainability.

✓Nature-based solutions should be taken into account, not just for tackling climate change but also doing it in a way that is ethical and promoting intergenerational justice.

-Recognition of Heat Waves as a Natural Disaster: Recognising heat waves as a major disaster is long due. India still has a long way to go in building public awareness, particularly on how individuals and local communities can take care of themselves.

✓Declaring heat waves as a natural disaster would help the state and district administration prepare a heatwave action plan at the regional level.

✓Also, there needs to be clear guidelines regarding when to shut schools or how long one should stay outdoors if that’s unavoidable.

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