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'UNION BUDGET 2025-26' Class slides document.

Consider the following statements regarding Genetic Diversity:

1. It refers to the variation of genes within species, including different populations of the same species.

2. Higher genetic diversity in a population increases its adaptability to environmental changes.

3. Genetic bottlenecks reduce genetic diversity and make populations more vulnerable to extinction.

How many of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, and 3

Which factors is/are known to maintain grassland ecosystem characteristics?
1. Long dry season
2. Wildland fires
3. Animal grazing
4. Agricultural activities
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

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Which of the following statements best describes the term 'Allopatric Speciation'?

(a) It is the formation of new species due to genetic modification of a single ancestor.

(b) It occurs when small groups of individuals break off from the larger group and form a new species.

(c) It occurs when a group of species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another due to a geographical barrier.

(d) It occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another.

Consider the following statements with respect to biotic potential:


1. Biotic potential is the maximum rate of increase in the population of a species under optimum environmental conditions.


2. Biotic potential of elephants is much higher than mice.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

UPSC Application Date Extended:
✅Last Date of Application Extended to 18th February.

Mammals from colder climates generally have which of these adaptations to save from the brutal cold?

1) Shorter ears
2) Longer limbs
3) Large body size


Select the correct answer using the codes below.
(a) 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

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Which among the following are outcomes of IMF’s Quota system?

1. Resource contribution of a member

2. Voting power in IMF decision.

3. Loan allocation to member countries

4. General allocation of Special Drawing Rights

Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Consider the following:
1. Wasteland development
2. Purchase of land
3. Construction of irrigation channels
4. Plantation crops
5. Purchase of Tractors
6. Setting up of Food processing Units
Which of the above areas are “long term credit” offered by Land Development Banks in India?
(a) 1,2 and 4 only
(b) 1,3,4,5 and 6 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1,2,3,4,5 and 6