Understanding PPK in Positioning
What is PPK?
Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) is a GNSS data correction technology used in geospatial applications to achieve precise positioning
PPK involves collecting raw GNSS data during a suryey and processing it afterward to achieve centimeter-level accuracy. Unlike real-time methods, PPK doesn't rely on immediate corrections but instead leverages post-processing algorithms.
What is PPK?
Post-Processed Kinematic (PPK) is a GNSS data correction technology used in geospatial applications to achieve precise positioning
PPK involves collecting raw GNSS data during a suryey and processing it afterward to achieve centimeter-level accuracy. Unlike real-time methods, PPK doesn't rely on immediate corrections but instead leverages post-processing algorithms.
How PPK Works
1 Data Collection
During a survey, a GNSS receiver (mounted on a drone or
ground-based rover) records raw satellite observations.These observations include details like
satellite ID, frequency, constellation, pseudo-range, carrier-phase, Doppler, and signal-to-noise ratios.
2 Data Format
The collected data is stored in a file format called RINEX
(Receiver Independent Exchange Format) Some receivers may use proprietary data formats, which
can later be converted to RINEX.
Specialized equipment is necessary for collecting raw satellite data, especially when using low-cost GPS
receivers.
3 Post-Processing
After the survey, specialized software processes the
recorded data. PPK algorithms analyze the raw observations, correct for errors, and calculate precise positions.This step allows for sub-centimeter accuracy in
positioning.
1 Data Collection
During a survey, a GNSS receiver (mounted on a drone or
ground-based rover) records raw satellite observations.These observations include details like
satellite ID, frequency, constellation, pseudo-range, carrier-phase, Doppler, and signal-to-noise ratios.
2 Data Format
The collected data is stored in a file format called RINEX
(Receiver Independent Exchange Format) Some receivers may use proprietary data formats, which
can later be converted to RINEX.
Specialized equipment is necessary for collecting raw satellite data, especially when using low-cost GPS
receivers.
3 Post-Processing
After the survey, specialized software processes the
recorded data. PPK algorithms analyze the raw observations, correct for errors, and calculate precise positions.This step allows for sub-centimeter accuracy in
positioning.
Advantages of PPK
1. Remote Areas
PPK is ideal for surveys in remote or challenging
environments where real-time corrections are unavailable.
2. Backup for RTK
When real-time kinematic (RTK) corrections are not
feasible, PPK serves as a reliable backup.
3. Drone Mapping
PPK is commonly used in drone mapping applications to
achieve accurate georeferencing
Photogrammetry:
A study demonstrated that PPK provides the same
accuracy as traditional methods and is a robust solution
for monitoring surface changes.
⁃ PPK in Infrastructure Mapping: Research showed that
PPK positioning enhances the accuracy of sUAS
photogrammetry, especially for infrastructure mapping
Accuracy of PPK Techniques: An evaluation of PPK's
accuracy revealed its potential for high production survey
measurements and its effectiveness in areas with minimal
satellite barriers.
1. Remote Areas
PPK is ideal for surveys in remote or challenging
environments where real-time corrections are unavailable.
2. Backup for RTK
When real-time kinematic (RTK) corrections are not
feasible, PPK serves as a reliable backup.
3. Drone Mapping
PPK is commonly used in drone mapping applications to
achieve accurate georeferencing
Photogrammetry:
A study demonstrated that PPK provides the same
accuracy as traditional methods and is a robust solution
for monitoring surface changes.
⁃ PPK in Infrastructure Mapping: Research showed that
PPK positioning enhances the accuracy of sUAS
photogrammetry, especially for infrastructure mapping
Accuracy of PPK Techniques: An evaluation of PPK's
accuracy revealed its potential for high production survey
measurements and its effectiveness in areas with minimal
satellite barriers.
New research published in GPS Solutions demonstrates an innovative approach to predicting tropospheric wet delay using dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). The study, led by researchers at the University of Tehran (Masoud Dehvari , saeed farzaneh) and Aalborg University (Ehsan Forootan), shows DMD can provide more accurate short-term predictions of zenith wet delay compared to numerical weather models. This work highlights the potential of data-driven techniques like DMD for atmospheric modeling and prediction:
https://rdcu.be/dLsqg
https://rdcu.be/dLsqg
SpringerLink
Assessment of ZWD field predictions using the dynamic mode decomposition method
GPS Solutions - The existing water vapor present in the lower regions of the atmosphere plays a pivotal role in both weather forecasting and the propagation of signals in satellite-based...
FIG Pub64 - Reference Frames in Practice Manual 2nd Edn.pdf
3.3 MB
Reference Frames in Practice Manual - FIG Publication 64 2nd edition:
https://fig.net/news/news_2024/06_pub642nd-ed.asp
https://fig.net/news/news_2024/06_pub642nd-ed.asp
About 5000 GNSS stations in Europe are used for high-precision scientific applications.
https://epncb.oma.be/
It's just a pity that some countries do not release their RINEX files open for the rest of the community.
https://epncb.oma.be/
It's just a pity that some countries do not release their RINEX files open for the rest of the community.
GPS reflectometry obtains information about Earth's surface from satellite signals that were reflected off Earth's surface before reaching an antenna. Reflected GPS signals can provide a variety of information about Earth's water cycle, including snow depth, ice height, sea level, vegetation changes, and soil moisture.
Genesis will contribute to a highly improved reference frame of Earth with an accuracy of 1 mm and a long-term stability of 0.1 mm/year, providing a coordinate system for the most rigorous navigation applications on our planet. The Genesis satellite will combine the main geodetic techniques (very-long-baseline interferometry, satellite laser ranging, global navigation satellite systems and possibly DORIS), synchronising and cross-calibrating the instruments to determine biases inherent to each technic, allowing to correct them for superior precision.
GNSS+R25 - Specialist Meeting on Reflectometry using GNSS and other Signals of Opportunity.
https://az659834.vo.msecnd.net/eventsairwesteuprod/production-atpi-public/ead0cf65d1034843b60362447d5fbbe0
https://az659834.vo.msecnd.net/eventsairwesteuprod/production-atpi-public/ead0cf65d1034843b60362447d5fbbe0
Abstract Guidelines and Submission
Thank you for your interest in the IAG Scientific Assembly 2025 that will take place in Rimini (Italy), September 1-5, 2025.
To submit your abstract, please, follow the guidelines you will find below.
Abstracts can be submitted any time until the deadline March 15 2025 through the EasyChair abstract submission system. Abstracts received after the deadline will not be accepted. Therefore, they will not be included in the scientific program. The acceptance/rejection of the abstract will be announced to the authors via e-mail by end of April 2025.
The abstract submission procedure requires the completion by the first author, or by one of the co-authors, of the IAG2025 online registration before the early-bird registration deadline on May 31, 2025. If no registration has been received by that date the abstract will not be included in the IAG2025 program.
Please note that a non-refundable abstract processing fee (APC) of 40 Euros is applied each abstract submission.
Thank you for your interest in the IAG Scientific Assembly 2025 that will take place in Rimini (Italy), September 1-5, 2025.
To submit your abstract, please, follow the guidelines you will find below.
Abstracts can be submitted any time until the deadline March 15 2025 through the EasyChair abstract submission system. Abstracts received after the deadline will not be accepted. Therefore, they will not be included in the scientific program. The acceptance/rejection of the abstract will be announced to the authors via e-mail by end of April 2025.
The abstract submission procedure requires the completion by the first author, or by one of the co-authors, of the IAG2025 online registration before the early-bird registration deadline on May 31, 2025. If no registration has been received by that date the abstract will not be included in the IAG2025 program.
Please note that a non-refundable abstract processing fee (APC) of 40 Euros is applied each abstract submission.
1st GGOS IA Summer School
July 13th – July 18th, 2025
https://ggos.org/about/org/affiliates/ggos-iberatlantic/1st-ggos-ia-summer-school/
July 13th – July 18th, 2025
https://ggos.org/about/org/affiliates/ggos-iberatlantic/1st-ggos-ia-summer-school/
International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop 2026
Dear GNSS and Geodesy Community,
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, we are pleased to formally announce the International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop 2026, which will take place from the 1st to the 5th of June 2026 at the Intercontinental Santiago.
The IGS Workshop serves as the premier global forum for advancing GNSS and geodesy. Hosted jointly by the University of Santiago de Chile (USACH) and the Military Geographic Institute (IGM), the 2026 edition will bring together leading experts, researchers, and practitioners to exchange insights, showcase technological breakthroughs, and define the trajectory of global geodetic infrastructure.
Key Details :
Dates : 1-5 June 2026
Venue : Intercontinental Santiago (Avenida Vitacura 2885, 7550023 Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile)
Website : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com
Preferred Accommodations : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com/accommodations/
General Inquiries : workshop2026@igs.org
Dear GNSS and Geodesy Community,
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, we are pleased to formally announce the International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop 2026, which will take place from the 1st to the 5th of June 2026 at the Intercontinental Santiago.
The IGS Workshop serves as the premier global forum for advancing GNSS and geodesy. Hosted jointly by the University of Santiago de Chile (USACH) and the Military Geographic Institute (IGM), the 2026 edition will bring together leading experts, researchers, and practitioners to exchange insights, showcase technological breakthroughs, and define the trajectory of global geodetic infrastructure.
Key Details :
Dates : 1-5 June 2026
Venue : Intercontinental Santiago (Avenida Vitacura 2885, 7550023 Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile)
Website : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com
Preferred Accommodations : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com/accommodations/
General Inquiries : workshop2026@igs.org
International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop 2026
Dear GNSS and Geodesy Community,
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, we are pleased to formally announce the International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop 2026, which will take place from the 1st to the 5th of June 2026 at the Intercontinental Santiago.
The IGS Workshop serves as the premier global forum for advancing GNSS and geodesy. Hosted jointly by the University of Santiago de Chile (USACH) and the Military Geographic Institute (IGM), the 2026 edition will bring together leading experts, researchers, and practitioners to exchange insights, showcase technological breakthroughs, and define the trajectory of global geodetic infrastructure.
Key Details :
Dates : 1-5 June 2026
Venue : Intercontinental Santiago (Avenida Vitacura 2885, 7550023 Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile)
Website : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com
Preferred Accommodations : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com/accommodations/
General Inquiries : workshop2026@igs.org
Visa Letters : workshop2026@igs.org or marcelo.caverlotti@usach.cl
Dear GNSS and Geodesy Community,
On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, we are pleased to formally announce the International GNSS Service (IGS) Workshop 2026, which will take place from the 1st to the 5th of June 2026 at the Intercontinental Santiago.
The IGS Workshop serves as the premier global forum for advancing GNSS and geodesy. Hosted jointly by the University of Santiago de Chile (USACH) and the Military Geographic Institute (IGM), the 2026 edition will bring together leading experts, researchers, and practitioners to exchange insights, showcase technological breakthroughs, and define the trajectory of global geodetic infrastructure.
Key Details :
Dates : 1-5 June 2026
Venue : Intercontinental Santiago (Avenida Vitacura 2885, 7550023 Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Chile)
Website : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com
Preferred Accommodations : https://www.igs-workshop-2026.com/accommodations/
General Inquiries : workshop2026@igs.org
Visa Letters : workshop2026@igs.org or marcelo.caverlotti@usach.cl
The Institute of Geodesy and Cartography (IGiK) in Warsaw, Poland, is
seeking a researcher in Quantum Gravimetry to join the EU-funded project
EQUIP-G (European Quantum Infrastructure Project for Gravimetry;
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101215427
seeking a researcher in Quantum Gravimetry to join the EU-funded project
EQUIP-G (European Quantum Infrastructure Project for Gravimetry;
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/101215427
CORDIS | European Commission
EQUIP-G - European QUantum Infrastructure Project for Gravimetry | EQUIP-G | Project | Fact Sheet | HORIZON | CORDIS | European…
Imaging the Earth's interior has always been one of the key challenges in geosciences as it is a prerequisite for understanding our planet's internal dynamics and the coupling between its inner and outer envelopes. Gravity measurements at different altitudes…
How long can a spacecraft keep watching a single pulsar before its own clock corrupts the measurement?
As missions return to the Moon and push deeper into space, navigation resources are stretched - the Deep Space Network is at times up to 40% oversubscribed. That has driven interest in autonomous alternatives like X-ray pulsar navigation (XNAV), which uses X-ray millisecond pulsars (MSPs) as signals of opportunity. But XNAV need long integration times to form a usable measurement, and over those windows. error from the onboard clock accumulates unchecked
Kvle Houser and Demoz Gebre-Eqziabher (University of Minnesota) quantify how clock quality sets the limit on usable observation time. In a Monte Carlo simulation, a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) recovers phase and frequency from simulated photon arrival times corrupted by a two-state, frequency random walk clock error model.
As missions return to the Moon and push deeper into space, navigation resources are stretched - the Deep Space Network is at times up to 40% oversubscribed. That has driven interest in autonomous alternatives like X-ray pulsar navigation (XNAV), which uses X-ray millisecond pulsars (MSPs) as signals of opportunity. But XNAV need long integration times to form a usable measurement, and over those windows. error from the onboard clock accumulates unchecked
Kvle Houser and Demoz Gebre-Eqziabher (University of Minnesota) quantify how clock quality sets the limit on usable observation time. In a Monte Carlo simulation, a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) recovers phase and frequency from simulated photon arrival times corrupted by a two-state, frequency random walk clock error model.
I'm attending Ask the experts: How to build CRA compliant connected products. Join me on September 22.
https://www.linkedin.com/events/asktheexperts-howtobuildcracomp7497620939195662336
https://www.linkedin.com/events/asktheexperts-howtobuildcracomp7497620939195662336
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