8: What is the priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with acute pancreatitis?
A) Imbalanced nutrition
B) Acute pain
C) Risk for infection
D) Fluid volume deficit
A) Imbalanced nutrition
B) Acute pain
C) Risk for infection
D) Fluid volume deficit
9: A patient with asthma is using a metered-dose inhaler. What is the correct teaching point?
A) Inhale and exhale quickly
B) Shake well, exhale fully, inhale slowly while pressing
C) Use only once daily
D) Hold breath for 1 second
A) Inhale and exhale quickly
B) Shake well, exhale fully, inhale slowly while pressing
C) Use only once daily
D) Hold breath for 1 second
11: The nurse is caring for a patient with cirrhosis. Which lab finding is most concerning?
A) Low albumin
B) Elevated ammonia
C) Elevated bilirubin and prolonged PT/INR
D) Anemia
A) Low albumin
B) Elevated ammonia
C) Elevated bilirubin and prolonged PT/INR
D) Anemia
β€1
13: A patient with a colostomy has a bag full of gas. What should the nurse do?
A) Change the entire appliance
B) Vent the bag with a pin or venting device
C) Remove the bag
D) Massage the stoma
A) Change the entire appliance
B) Vent the bag with a pin or venting device
C) Remove the bag
D) Massage the stoma
β€1
15: A patient with chronic kidney disease has a hemoglobin of 7.5 g/dL. The nurse expects which treatment?
A) Iron supplements only
B) Erythropoietin (EPO) therapy
C) Blood transfusion immediately
D) Folic acid
A) Iron supplements only
B) Erythropoietin (EPO) therapy
C) Blood transfusion immediately
D) Folic acid
16: Which action prevents DVT in immobilized patients?
A) Elevate legs above heart
B) Apply sequential compression devices (SCDs)
C) Massage calves daily
D) Place pillows under knees
A) Elevate legs above heart
B) Apply sequential compression devices (SCDs)
C) Massage calves daily
D) Place pillows under knees
17: A patient with a head injury has a GCS score of 8. What is the priority?
A) CT scan
B) Airway management
C) IV fluids
D) Pain medication
A) CT scan
B) Airway management
C) IV fluids
D) Pain medication
π2π1
18: Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with a sulfa allergy?
A) Penicillin
B) Furosemide (Lasix)
C) Metformin
D) Omeprazole
A) Penicillin
B) Furosemide (Lasix)
C) Metformin
D) Omeprazole
20: Which statement indicates a patient on warfarin understands discharge teaching?
A) "I will take aspirin for headaches."
B) "I should avoid green leafy vegetables."
C) "I can stop when I feel better."
D) "I need to take it with orange juice."
A) "I will take aspirin for headaches."
B) "I should avoid green leafy vegetables."
C) "I can stop when I feel better."
D) "I need to take it with orange juice."
β€4
21: A patient with chest pain is given morphine. What is the main reason?
A) To sedate the patient
B) To reduce anxiety
C) To reduce preload and relieve pain
D) To lower blood pressure
A) To sedate the patient
B) To reduce anxiety
C) To reduce preload and relieve pain
D) To lower blood pressure
β€6
22: A nurse notices a medication error. What should be documented?
A) The error only in the incident report
B) The error, corrective action, and patient response in the chart and incident report
C) Nothing, to avoid legal issues
D) Only the corrective action
A) The error only in the incident report
B) The error, corrective action, and patient response in the chart and incident report
C) Nothing, to avoid legal issues
D) Only the corrective action
β€1π1
24: A patient is receiving oxygen at 4 L/min via nasal cannula. What is the FiOβ approximate?
A) 28%
B) 36% (approx. 24% + 3% per liter)
C) 44%
D) 50%
A) 28%
B) 36% (approx. 24% + 3% per liter)
C) 44%
D) 50%
β€4
25: What is the nurse's legal responsibility if a patient refuses life-saving treatment?
A) Call the family to override
B) Respect the refusal after ensuring competence and understanding
C) Give the treatment anyway
D) Call the police
A) Call the family to override
B) Respect the refusal after ensuring competence and understanding
C) Give the treatment anyway
D) Call the police
π4β€2
10. A patient with cirrhosis develops abdominal distension due to ascites. Which mechanism is primarily responsible? π©Ίπ§
A. Increased erythropoietin production
B. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
C. Increased gastric acid secretion
D. Hyperthyroidism
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A. Increased erythropoietin production
B. Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia
C. Increased gastric acid secretion
D. Hyperthyroidism
https://t.me/sg2jc
β€5π₯°3
To all health profession graduates who are in the process of matching their information for the Competency Assessment Examination:
---
We would like to inform health profession graduates who are matching their names with their National ID FAN 16-digit identification number for the purpose of taking the Competency Assessment Examination, but who have not yet completed the process for various reasons, that the deadline for data matching has been extended until July 24, 2018 E.C. (equivalent to July 31, 2026 G.C.).
---
We would like to inform health profession graduates who are matching their names with their National ID FAN 16-digit identification number for the purpose of taking the Competency Assessment Examination, but who have not yet completed the process for various reasons, that the deadline for data matching has been extended until July 24, 2018 E.C. (equivalent to July 31, 2026 G.C.).
β€8β€βπ₯4π4
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α¨α€α ααα΅α΄α ααα΄ 13-15 /2018 α.α ααα°α α α¨α₯αα΅ ααα αα°α αααα°α΅ α΅αα½αα α¨ααα³ αα₯α αα α α«ααα½α α αα α£α α αα ααα΅αα α¨α€α αα« α°αα«ααα½ α ααα€ α°αααα½ α¨ααα 27- 30/2018 α.α α΅α¨α΅ α₯α» https://hple.moh.gov.et/ αα΅ααα αͺα« /Link/ α αα«α FAYDA and Password α αα΅αα£α΅ α¨αα°α α£α’α« α₯αα΅α΅ααα‘ α₯αα³α΅α£ααα‘α‘ π β
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βͺ α αααα£ αα α΅ αααα₯αα½α ααααα α½αα α αα» α¨α΅αα αα΅αα 952 α αα°αα α¨αα«α 3 αα₯αα α αα«α α αα₯α³ α₯αα αααα΅ α¨αα΅α½α αααα α¨αα²α α₯αα³α΅α£ααα‘α‘ ππ‘
https://t.me/sg2jc
α¨α€α ααα΅α΄α ααα΄ 13-15 /2018 α.α ααα°α α α¨α₯αα΅ ααα αα°α αααα°α΅ α΅αα½αα α¨ααα³ αα₯α αα α α«ααα½α α αα α£α α αα ααα΅αα α¨α€α αα« α°αα«ααα½ α ααα€ α°αααα½ α¨ααα 27- 30/2018 α.α α΅α¨α΅ α₯α» https://hple.moh.gov.et/ αα΅ααα αͺα« /Link/ α αα«α FAYDA and Password α αα΅αα£α΅ α¨αα°α α£α’α« α₯αα΅α΅ααα‘ α₯αα³α΅α£ααα‘α‘ π β
αα³α°α’α«α¦ π’
βͺ α₯α«αα³αα± α¨αα°α α£α’α« α α¨αα« αα΅α© αα΅α°ααα΅ α αα½αα α¨αα°α α¨α°ααα αα₯α αα αα°α₯ α΅αα°ααα αα΅ α¨αα°α α£α’α« ααα« αα΅αα½α α αα ααα α°α αα ααα α¨αα΅α½α αααα α₯α«α³αα α α¨αα°αα α¨α°ααα αα₯α α α°α¨α°α α΅ α¨αα°α α£α’α« αα α°α¨ααͺ αααα£ αα¨ααα α¨ααα»α αααα α₯αα³α΅α£ααα’ β οΈπ«
βͺ α αααα£ αα α΅ αααα₯αα½α ααααα α½αα α αα» α¨α΅αα αα΅αα 952 α αα°αα α¨αα«α 3 αα₯αα α αα«α α αα₯α³ α₯αα αααα΅ α¨αα΅α½α αααα α¨αα²α α₯αα³α΅α£ααα‘α‘ ππ‘
https://t.me/sg2jc
β€9
Competency Assessment Exam Schedule for All Health Professionals ππ©Ί
To all health professionals who have graduated with a first degree from higher education institutions and completed registration for the Competency Assessment Exam:
The exam will be administered from August 13β15, 2018 E.C. (Ethiopian Calendar). π
---
1. Exam Schedule:
Β· August 13, 2018 E.C. β Medicine, Pharmacy, Anesthesia, Environmental Health, Human Nutrition, Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Dental Medicine, and Optometry π₯
Β· August 14, 2018 E.C. β Medical Laboratory Science, Public Health, Midwifery, Medical Radiology Technology, Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Surgical Nursing π§ͺ
Β· August 15, 2018 E.C. β Nursing π€
All candidates must report to their exam center on August 12, 2018 E.C. at 8:00 AM (afternoon local time) for:
Β· Orientation on exam procedures π£οΈ
Β· Practicing sample questions βοΈ
Β· Identifying your exam hall π«
---
2. What to Bring on Exam Day:
Β· National ID π
Β· Printed exam admission slip (with the system-generated QR code) π
---
3. Prohibited Items (NOT allowed): π«
Β· Any electronic devices (phones, smartwatches, etc.) π΅
Β· Eyeglasses (unless you have a verified vision problem) π
Β· Bags, reference materials, blank paper, food, or drinks (unless you have a verified health condition) π
---
4. Attendance:
Candidates must properly sign the attendance sheet before leaving the exam hall after both sessions (morning and afternoon). β
---
5. Reminder:
Please watch the attached video explaining the exam process. π₯
---
6. Check Your Center:
Before coming to your center, open the ZIP file attached below this announcement to confirm your assigned exam location. ππ
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To all health professionals who have graduated with a first degree from higher education institutions and completed registration for the Competency Assessment Exam:
The exam will be administered from August 13β15, 2018 E.C. (Ethiopian Calendar). π
---
1. Exam Schedule:
Β· August 13, 2018 E.C. β Medicine, Pharmacy, Anesthesia, Environmental Health, Human Nutrition, Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Dental Medicine, and Optometry π₯
Β· August 14, 2018 E.C. β Medical Laboratory Science, Public Health, Midwifery, Medical Radiology Technology, Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Surgical Nursing π§ͺ
Β· August 15, 2018 E.C. β Nursing π€
All candidates must report to their exam center on August 12, 2018 E.C. at 8:00 AM (afternoon local time) for:
Β· Orientation on exam procedures π£οΈ
Β· Practicing sample questions βοΈ
Β· Identifying your exam hall π«
---
2. What to Bring on Exam Day:
Β· National ID π
Β· Printed exam admission slip (with the system-generated QR code) π
---
3. Prohibited Items (NOT allowed): π«
Β· Any electronic devices (phones, smartwatches, etc.) π΅
Β· Eyeglasses (unless you have a verified vision problem) π
Β· Bags, reference materials, blank paper, food, or drinks (unless you have a verified health condition) π
---
4. Attendance:
Candidates must properly sign the attendance sheet before leaving the exam hall after both sessions (morning and afternoon). β
---
5. Reminder:
Please watch the attached video explaining the exam process. π₯
---
6. Check Your Center:
Before coming to your center, open the ZIP file attached below this announcement to confirm your assigned exam location. ππ
https://t.me/sg2jc
β€4π1
ENTERIC FEVER (TYPHOID FEVER)
1οΈβ£ Definition
Enteric fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused mainly by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi.
2οΈβ£ Clinical Presentation
β’ Gradual onset of fever
β’ Headache and malaise
β’ Abdominal pain and distension
β’ Constipation or βpea-soupβ diarrhea
β’ Rose spots
β’ Relative bradycardia
β’ Splenomegaly
3οΈβ£ Characteristic Fever
Fever may show a step-ladder pattern, gradually increasing over the first week and reaching a plateau after approximately 7β10 days.
4οΈβ£ Pathogenesis
Salmonella crosses the intestinal mucosa β invades Peyerβs patches β replicates within macrophages β causes bacteremia β localizes particularly in intestinal lymphoid tissue.
5οΈβ£ Laboratory Findings
β’ Leukopenia may occur
β’ Anemia and thrombocytopenia
β’ Mild transaminitis
β’ Blood, stool, or urine cultures may isolate Salmonella
π§ͺ Blood culture is the diagnostic test of choice, particularly early in the illness and before antibiotic therapy.
6οΈβ£ Important Complications
Major complications include:
Intestinal hemorrhage
Intestinal perforation
Encephalopathy
Shock
Myocarditis
Meningitis
Cholecystitis
7οΈβ£ Clinical Pearl
In a patient with prolonged fever, abdominal symptoms, and relevant epidemiologic exposure, enteric fever should be considered and blood cultures obtained whenever possible before starting antibiotics.
π Source: JUMC
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1οΈβ£ Definition
Enteric fever is a systemic bacterial infection caused mainly by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi.
2οΈβ£ Clinical Presentation
β’ Gradual onset of fever
β’ Headache and malaise
β’ Abdominal pain and distension
β’ Constipation or βpea-soupβ diarrhea
β’ Rose spots
β’ Relative bradycardia
β’ Splenomegaly
3οΈβ£ Characteristic Fever
Fever may show a step-ladder pattern, gradually increasing over the first week and reaching a plateau after approximately 7β10 days.
4οΈβ£ Pathogenesis
Salmonella crosses the intestinal mucosa β invades Peyerβs patches β replicates within macrophages β causes bacteremia β localizes particularly in intestinal lymphoid tissue.
5οΈβ£ Laboratory Findings
β’ Leukopenia may occur
β’ Anemia and thrombocytopenia
β’ Mild transaminitis
β’ Blood, stool, or urine cultures may isolate Salmonella
π§ͺ Blood culture is the diagnostic test of choice, particularly early in the illness and before antibiotic therapy.
6οΈβ£ Important Complications
Major complications include:
Intestinal hemorrhage
Intestinal perforation
Encephalopathy
Shock
Myocarditis
Meningitis
Cholecystitis
7οΈβ£ Clinical Pearl
In a patient with prolonged fever, abdominal symptoms, and relevant epidemiologic exposure, enteric fever should be considered and blood cultures obtained whenever possible before starting antibiotics.
π Source: JUMC
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Jimma University Nursing channel
JUMC.bsc nursing
β€9
9 Important Bone Diseases
Bone diseases can make bones weak, painful, deformed, infected, or more likely to fracture. Some develop gradually, while others need prompt medical treatment.
π£ 1. Osteoporosis
β Bones become thin and fragile
β Often causes no symptoms until a fracture occurs
β Common fractures involve the hip, spine, and wrist
β Managed with exercise, calcium/vitamin D when needed, and bone-strengthening medicines
π£ 2. Osteomalacia / Rickets
β Bones become poorly mineralized and soft
β Osteomalacia affects adults; rickets affects children
β Often linked to severe vitamin D deficiency
β May cause bone pain, muscle weakness, or skeletal deformity
π£ 3. Osteomyelitis
β A bone infection, usually caused by bacteria
β Causes localized bone pain, swelling, redness, and sometimes fever
β Treatment usually requires antibiotics
β Some cases need surgical drainage or removal of infected tissue
π£ 4. Paget Disease of Bone
β Bone remodeling becomes abnormal and disorganized
β Affected bones may become enlarged, weak, or deformed
β Can cause bone pain, fractures, or hearing problems when the skull is involved
β Bisphosphonate medicines may be used when treatment is required
π£ 5. Osteosarcoma
β A type of primary bone cancer, commonly affecting children and young adults
β Often causes persistent bone pain and swelling
β Commonly occurs around the knee
β Treatment usually involves chemotherapy and surgery
π£ 6. Osteonecrosis β Avascular Necrosis
β Loss of blood supply causes part of the bone to die
β Commonly affects the hip
β Causes gradually worsening joint pain and stiffness
β Severe cases may require surgery or joint replacement
π£ 7. Fibrous Dysplasia
β Normal bone is replaced by weaker fibrous tissue
β May cause bone pain, deformity, or fractures
β Some people have no symptoms
β Treatment depends on symptoms and the bones involved
π£ 8. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
β An inherited disorder causing unusually fragile bones
β Repeated fractures may occur after minor injuries
β Some patients also have blue-grey sclera, hearing problems, or dental abnormalities
β Management focuses on fracture prevention, rehabilitation, and bone-strengthening treatment
π£ 9. Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease
β Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that can damage bone
β It may cause lytic bone lesions, bone pain, and fractures
β High calcium, anemia, and kidney problems may also occur
β Treatment includes anti-myeloma therapy and medicines that help protect bones
π£ When to Seek Medical Help
β Persistent or worsening bone pain
β A fracture after minor trauma
β Unexplained bone swelling or lump
β Fever with severe localized bone pain
β Repeated fractures or increasing bone deformit
Bone diseases can make bones weak, painful, deformed, infected, or more likely to fracture. Some develop gradually, while others need prompt medical treatment.
π£ 1. Osteoporosis
β Bones become thin and fragile
β Often causes no symptoms until a fracture occurs
β Common fractures involve the hip, spine, and wrist
β Managed with exercise, calcium/vitamin D when needed, and bone-strengthening medicines
π£ 2. Osteomalacia / Rickets
β Bones become poorly mineralized and soft
β Osteomalacia affects adults; rickets affects children
β Often linked to severe vitamin D deficiency
β May cause bone pain, muscle weakness, or skeletal deformity
π£ 3. Osteomyelitis
β A bone infection, usually caused by bacteria
β Causes localized bone pain, swelling, redness, and sometimes fever
β Treatment usually requires antibiotics
β Some cases need surgical drainage or removal of infected tissue
π£ 4. Paget Disease of Bone
β Bone remodeling becomes abnormal and disorganized
β Affected bones may become enlarged, weak, or deformed
β Can cause bone pain, fractures, or hearing problems when the skull is involved
β Bisphosphonate medicines may be used when treatment is required
π£ 5. Osteosarcoma
β A type of primary bone cancer, commonly affecting children and young adults
β Often causes persistent bone pain and swelling
β Commonly occurs around the knee
β Treatment usually involves chemotherapy and surgery
π£ 6. Osteonecrosis β Avascular Necrosis
β Loss of blood supply causes part of the bone to die
β Commonly affects the hip
β Causes gradually worsening joint pain and stiffness
β Severe cases may require surgery or joint replacement
π£ 7. Fibrous Dysplasia
β Normal bone is replaced by weaker fibrous tissue
β May cause bone pain, deformity, or fractures
β Some people have no symptoms
β Treatment depends on symptoms and the bones involved
π£ 8. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
β An inherited disorder causing unusually fragile bones
β Repeated fractures may occur after minor injuries
β Some patients also have blue-grey sclera, hearing problems, or dental abnormalities
β Management focuses on fracture prevention, rehabilitation, and bone-strengthening treatment
π£ 9. Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease
β Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that can damage bone
β It may cause lytic bone lesions, bone pain, and fractures
β High calcium, anemia, and kidney problems may also occur
β Treatment includes anti-myeloma therapy and medicines that help protect bones
π£ When to Seek Medical Help
β Persistent or worsening bone pain
β A fracture after minor trauma
β Unexplained bone swelling or lump
β Fever with severe localized bone pain
β Repeated fractures or increasing bone deformit
β€26π4
π¨π€° UTERINE INVERSION β Obstetric Emergency | Nursing & Midwifery Notes π©Ί
Uterine inversion is a rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency in which the uterine fundus turns inward, usually during or shortly after childbirth.
π©· 4 Degrees of Uterine Inversion
1οΈβ£ Incomplete β Fundus collapses inward but remains inside the uterus.
2οΈβ£ Complete β Fundus passes through the cervix into the vagina.
3οΈβ£ Prolapsed β Inverted uterus protrudes outside the vaginal opening.
4οΈβ£ Total β Uterus and vaginal walls become inverted.
β οΈ Important Warning Signs
π΄ Severe pelvic or abdominal pain
π΄ Heavy postpartum bleeding
π΄ Uterine fundus not palpable in its normal position
π΄ Visible vaginal mass
π΄ Hypotension, tachycardia or shock
π₯ Emergency Management
β Call for immediate obstetric assistance.
β Assess airway, breathing and circulation.
β Initiate haemorrhage resuscitation.
β Arrange urgent uterine replacement by an experienced clinician.
β Administer prescribed uterotonics after replacement.
β Monitor for recurrent bleeding and complications.
π§ Nursing Pearl: Uterine inversion can cause severe postpartum haemorrhage and shock. Early recognition and immediate intervention can save lives! π
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Uterine inversion is a rare but life-threatening obstetric emergency in which the uterine fundus turns inward, usually during or shortly after childbirth.
π©· 4 Degrees of Uterine Inversion
1οΈβ£ Incomplete β Fundus collapses inward but remains inside the uterus.
2οΈβ£ Complete β Fundus passes through the cervix into the vagina.
3οΈβ£ Prolapsed β Inverted uterus protrudes outside the vaginal opening.
4οΈβ£ Total β Uterus and vaginal walls become inverted.
β οΈ Important Warning Signs
π΄ Severe pelvic or abdominal pain
π΄ Heavy postpartum bleeding
π΄ Uterine fundus not palpable in its normal position
π΄ Visible vaginal mass
π΄ Hypotension, tachycardia or shock
π₯ Emergency Management
β Call for immediate obstetric assistance.
β Assess airway, breathing and circulation.
β Initiate haemorrhage resuscitation.
β Arrange urgent uterine replacement by an experienced clinician.
β Administer prescribed uterotonics after replacement.
β Monitor for recurrent bleeding and complications.
π§ Nursing Pearl: Uterine inversion can cause severe postpartum haemorrhage and shock. Early recognition and immediate intervention can save lives! π
https://t.me/sg2jc
β€6