The moon turned out to be hotter than previously thought, the Indian lunar rover Pragyan found out

The first data that the Indian lunar rover “Pragyan” transmitted to Earth testify to the unexpectedly high temperature of the lunar surface at the south pole of the moon, which was a complete surprise for specialists. We all thought that the surface temperature could be 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, but it is 70 degrees Celsius.

It turns out that coffee grounds are a valuable organic resource.

Researchers from the Melbourne University of Technology carried out a fascinating study.
They dried the coffee grounds and subjected them to pyrolysis at 350 degrees.
When the resulting biochar was incorporated into concrete, its strength improved by nearly 30%.
This approach has the potential to decrease sand extraction and help cafes eliminate excess waste.

India has successfully launched its first space-based solar observatory mission — just 10 days after the landing of its spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 on the lunar south pole. Called Aditya-L1, the spacecraft, weighing over 3,264 pounds, blasted off from the spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre in South India’s Sriharikota using the 44.4-meter tall polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV-XL) at the targeted time of 11:50am local time on Saturday. It will cover a distance of 932,000 miles and spend 125 days (or over four months) to reach its destination: a halo orbit around one of five Lagrangian points, which lie between the sun and Earth and allows spacecraft to track solar activities continuously, without any occultation and eclipse.

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🔬 Groundbreaking Discovery: A New Era in Embryonic Research

In an unprecedented scientific achievement, researchers have successfully grown a model of a two-week-old human embryo in the lab - and they did it without using eggs or sperm!

The renowned Weizmann Institute in Israel utilized genetically unmodified stem cells, merging them to form intricate structures that closely resemble the initial phases of human embryonic growth. The authenticity of this growth? A pregnancy test was conducted, and it came back positive.

While these lab-grown structures aren't an exact match to real human embryos, the potential implications are vast. The team is optimistic that in the near future, such experiments can pave the way for:

- Testing drug side effects
- Investigating genetic diseases
- Understanding potential causes of miscarriage

Stay tuned to Science.t.me for more groundbreaking updates from the world of science!

A ladybug opens its wings to fly. This process usually takes less than 0.1 seconds.

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Parrots are smart enough to watch YouTube

This particular bird can log into the app itself and scroll through the feed in search of other birds.

👍

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An intriguing optical illusion demonstrates that when fewer objects are in our peripheral vision, our brain perceives motion as slower.

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Jupiter's satellite Io.

This image was taken by the Galileo spacecraft. It is the most geologically active world in the Solar System, with more than 400 active volcanoes.

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Misconceptions About the Mastodon

For a time, the mastodon was depicted quite differently than we know it today. It was imagined as a fierce predatory creature, with tusks that curved downward, resembling the fangs of a saber-toothed tiger.
The confusion arose from the animal's fossilized teeth. Researchers noticed that they were covered in bumps. These protrusions were meant for grinding wood, but for some reason, scientists believed they were adapted for crushing bones. This led to the misconception that ancient elephants were predators. Thankfully, this error was quickly corrected.

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James Webb Space Telescope Explores Herbig-Haro 211

NASA’s JWST has captured a detailed view of Herbig-Haro 211 (HH 211), a young bipolar jet in the constellation Perseus. This protostellar outflow is crucial for understanding the early stages of star formation.

Key Points:
• Herbig-Haro Objects: Luminous regions around newborn stars. The image of HH 211 reveals an outflow from a very young version of our Sun.
• Infrared Imaging: JWST's infrared capabilities penetrate the gas and dust surrounding newborn stars, allowing detailed mapping of outflows.
• Detailed Observations: The image showcases bow shocks and a narrow bipolar jet with a unique "wiggle" pattern, suggesting a possible binary star at its center.

JWST, a collaboration between NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency, continues to shed light on the universe's mysteries.

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Video of the Day:
Starlink deploys another satellite into orbit.

The satellite features dielectric mirrors on its surface. Its color is designed to be as black as possible to track and redirect light. Starlink aims to minimize the brightness of its satellites to avoid disrupting observations of the night sky.

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Crown shyness is a phenomenon where the crowns of trees don't touch each other, resulting in a forest canopy with distinct gaps.

The exact reason for this occurrence is not fully understood by scientists.
- One theory suggests that tall, slender trees exhibit this behavior to prevent damage during strong winds.
- Another theory posits that it helps in preventing the spread of certain insects known as insect miners.

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A Newly Identified Virus Emerges From the Deep

Marine virologists have made a groundbreaking discovery from the Mariana Trench, the deepest place on Earth. They've identified a new bacteriophage from sediment samples taken from a depth of 8,900 meters. This phage infects Halomonas bacteria, commonly found in deep-sea environments and near hydrothermal vents. The discovery not only introduces a previously unknown viral family in the deep ocean but also provides insights into the evolution and genomic features of deep-sea phages and their interactions with hosts.

Dr. Min Wang from the Ocean University of China mentioned, "To our best knowledge, this is the deepest known isolated phage in the global ocean." The research further delves into the survival strategies of viruses in such extreme environments and their co-evolution with their hosts.

For more details, read the full article here.

Ozone Hole Over Antarctica Opens Earlier Than Anticipated

A recent visualization reveals an early opening of the ozone hole over Antarctica this year. Scientists are pointing towards last year's eruption of the Tonga volcano as a likely culprit. This eruption introduced nearly 50 million tons of water vapor into the atmosphere, which is believed to have had a significant impact on the ozone layer.

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