Difference between अस्ति and भवति? Let us understand अस् (and a few of its friends) 😃
अस् is a very common dhatu (verb root) that means "is".
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अस्ति, स्तः, सन्ति are sing, dual, plural लट्-लकार प्रथमपुरुष of अस्. लट-लकार is present tense. प्रथमपुरुष indicates objects or people other than speaker and listener (called 3rd person in English).
सः बालकः अस्ति। He is a boy.
तौ बालकौ स्तः। They are two boys.
ते बालकाः सन्ति। They are (many) boys.
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अस्मि, स्वः, स्मः are sing, dual, plural लट्-लकार उत्तमपुरुष of अस्. उत्तमपुरुष indicates speaker himself/herself (called 1st person in English).
अहं बालकः अस्मि। I am a boy.
आवां बालकौ स्वः। We are two boys.
वयं बालकाः स्मः। We are (many) boys.
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असि, स्थः, स्थ are sing, dual, plural लट्-लकार मध्यमपुरुष of अस्. मध्यमपुरुष indicates the listener (called 2nd person in English).
त्वं बालकः असि। You are a boy.
युवां बालकौ स्थः। You are two boys.
यूयं बालकाः स्थ। You are (many) boys.
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वर्तते, विद्यते and भवति are similar to अस्ति and can often be used interchangeably, but have slightly specific meaning. वर्तते, from वृत् dhatu, has a bit of "exists/happens/occurs etc." meaning; विद्यते, from विद् dhatu, has a bit of "is known" meaning and seems to be used mainly in the negative, while भवति, from भू dhatu, has a bit of "becomes" meaning.
चषके जलम् अस्ति। There is water in the cup.
कार्तिकमासे दीपावली वर्तते। Diwali occurs in Kartik month.
उद्यमस्य विकल्पः न विद्यते। There is no substitute for hard work.
बीजं वृक्षः भवति। A seed becomes a tree.
In Hindi, अस्ति=है, वर्तते=रहता है, भवति=होता है।
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अस् and भू dhatu are complementary - for some forms, only one of them exists. For example, future tense of अस्ति uses भू dhatu and becomes भविष्यति, which is also the future tense of भवति itself.
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स्यात्, स्याताम्, स्युः are sing, dual, plural विधिलिङ्ग-लकार प्रथमपुरुष of अस्. The विधिलिङ्ग-लकार is used for suggestion, instruction, request, possibility etc.
एकवादनतः द्विवादनपर्यन्तं भोजनसमयः स्यात्। Lunch time should be 1-2 pm.
मह्यं भवतः साहाय्यं स्यात्। May I get your assistance.
ते केऽपि स्युः, यदि अपराधं कुर्वन्ति, तर्हि दण्डं प्राप्नुवन्ति। They may be anyone, if they commit wrong, they will get punishment.
सः मम मित्रं स्यात्। He may be my friend.
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स्म is a particle that converts a present tense to past tense.
सः पाठशालां गच्छति। He goes to school.
सः पाठशालां गच्छति स्म। He was going to school (He used to go to school).
This स्म is not seen in classical texts much, but is used nowadays.
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There is another dhatu, जन् which is somewhat related to अस्, भू and वृत्. It gives the लट्-लकार प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन form "जायते", which means "to take birth, to arise, to get produced etc." It is more often used in the past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त) form, जात, which gets declined like an adjective based on case, number and gender.
श्रमात् यशः जायते। Success arises from hard work.
तस्य पुत्रः जातः। A son was born to him.
मम पुत्री जाता। A daughter was born to me.
तद् श्रुत्वा मम दुःखं जातम्। Hearing that caused me sorrow.
The subtle difference between जन् and the other dhatus is that in जन्, the focus is on the process, whereas with the other three, the focus is on the product (i.e., the object or person) that is.
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नमोनमः। 🙏😊
#सहजसंस्कृतम् #intuitivesanskrit Courtesy:-Sri. Amit Rao in Sanskrit Learning Group Facebook page Difference between Asthi and Bhavathi