Several key components of Kubernetes are important to understand:
𝗣𝗼𝗱
𝗦𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗲
𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗰𝗲
𝗡𝗼𝗱𝗲
𝗖𝗹𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿
𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗦𝗲𝘁
𝗟𝗮𝗯𝗲𝗹
𝗞𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗲𝘁
𝗞𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗹
𝗞𝘂𝗯𝗲-𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘅𝘆
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Apache Kafka has become increasingly popular in recent years.
It's used by companies like Netflix, LinkedIn, and Uber to handle high-volume data streams.
It's used by companies like Netflix, LinkedIn, and Uber to handle high-volume data streams.
A Kafka producer is an entity that publishes data to topics within the Kafka cluster. In essence, producers are the sources of data streams, which might originate from various applications, systems, or sensors. They push records into Kafka topics, and each record consists of a key, a value, and a timestamp.
A Kafka consumer pulls data from Kafka topics to which it subscribes. Consumers process the data and often are part of a consumer group. In a group, multiple consumers can read from a topic in parallel, with each consumer responsible for reading from certain partitions, ensuring efficient data processing.
A topic is a category or feed name to which records are published. Topics in Kafka are multi-subscriber; they can be consumed by multiple consumers and consumer groups. Topics are divided into partitions to allow for data scalability and parallel processing.
A topic can be divided into partitions, which are essentially subsets of a topic's data. Each partition is an ordered, immutable sequence of records that is continually appended to. Partitions allow topics to be parallelized by splitting the data across multiple brokers.
A broker is a single Kafka server that forms part of the Kafka cluster. Brokers are responsible for maintaining the published data. Each broker may have zero or more partitions per topic and can handle data for multiple topics.
A Kafka cluster comprises one or more brokers. The cluster is the physical grouping of one or more brokers that work together to provide scalability, fault tolerance, and load balancing. The Kafka cluster manages the persistence and replication of message data.
A replica is a copy of a partition. Kafka replicates partitions across multiple brokers to ensure data is not lost if a broker fails. Replicas are classified as either leader replicas or follower replicas.
For each partition, one broker is designated as the leader. The leader replica handles all read and write requests for the partition. Other replicas simply copy the data from the leader.
Follower replicas are copies of the leader replica for a partition. They replicate the leader's log and do not serve client requests. Instead, their purpose is to provide redundancy and to take over as the leader if the current leader fails.
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https://harshhaa.hashnode.dev/deployment-of-super-mario-on-kubernetes-using-terraform
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The Ultimate DevOps Bootcamp 2024 Pack by ProDevOpsGuy | Pro DevOpsGuy
https://prodevopsguy.github.io/2024/Ultimate-DevOps-Bootcamp-2024-Pack/
⚠️ Note: Anyone Interested, can open the Blog 🌐 , share it to your friends and colleagues.
🔵 𝗙𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 @prodevopsguy 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 & 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗢𝗽𝘀!!!
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1️⃣ . ImageBackPullOff
We face this issue when the image is not present in registry or the given image tag is wrong.
Make sure you provide correct registry url, image name and image tag.
We might face authentication failures, when image is being stored in a private registry, make sure to create secret with private registry credentials and add created secret in Kubernetes Deployment File to pull docker image.
2️⃣ . CrashLoopBackOff
We face this issue when the process deployed inside container not running then the POD will be moved to CrashLoopBackOff.
POD might be running out of CPU or memory, POD should get enough resources allocated that’s cpu and memory for an application to be up and running, to fix that check in Resources Requests and Resources Limits.
3️⃣ . OOM Killed - Out Of Memory
We face this issue when PODs tries to utilise more memory than the limits we have set.
We can resolve it by setting appropriate resource request and resource limit.
4️⃣ . POD Status - Pending
When nodes might not be ready and required resources like CPU and Memory may not be available in nodes for the PODs to be up and running.
5️⃣ . POD Status - Waiting
POD will be scheduled to a node but POD won’t be running in scheduled node.
We can fix this by providing correct image name, image tag and authentication to registry.
6️⃣ . POD will be up and running and application is not accessible.
We can fix this by creating appropriate service.
If service is already created and application is still not accessible, make sure application and service are deployed in same namespace.
7️⃣ . POD Status - Evicted
We can resolve this by setting appropriate resource requests and resource limits for the PODs and having enough resources in worker nodes.
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Prometheus is an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit designed for reliability and scalability. Below is a an overview of the Prometheus architecture:
- Core for collecting, storing, and querying time-series data.
- It’s pull-based and scrapes metrics from targets at regular intervals.
- Stores data in a local time-series database.
- Apps or services expose metrics.
- Prometheus scrapes metrics from these targets.
- Time-series data with metric names and labels.
- Example: `http_requests_total{method="GET", status="200"}`.
- Query language for time-series data.
- Allows filtering, grouping, and math operations on metrics.
- Handles alerts from Prometheus.
- Manages notifications and integrates with third-party channels.
- Uses local on-disk storage.
- Data retention policies.
- Data is organized in blocks and compacted over time.
- Targets and scrape intervals defined in Prometheus config files.
- Relabeling allows modifying or filtering metrics before storage.
- Prometheus Server scrapes metrics from configured targets.
- Targets expose metrics typically at /metrics endpoint.
- Scraped metrics stored in the local time-series database.
- Data organized by metric name and labels.
- Users utilize PromQL to query and analyze stored metrics.
- Grafana or Prometheus's UI visualizes query results.
- Prometheus evaluates alerting rules based on queries.
- Alerts sent to Alertmanager if conditions are met.
- Alertmanager receives alerts and manages their lifecycle.
- Handles deduplication, grouping, and sends notifications to configured channels.
- Simple configuration for monitoring targets.
- Powerful query language (PromQL).
- Effective alerting and notification handling.
- Seamless integration with visualization tools.
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Version control with 🧑💻 GIT has become an essential skill for developers.
In this post, I'll provide a quick overview of some core GIT concepts and commands.
Key concepts:
➡️ Repository - Where your project files and commit history are stored
➡️ Commit - A snapshot of changes, like a version checkpoint
➡️ Branch - A timeline of commits that lets you work on parallel versions
➡️ Merge - To combine changes from separate branches
➡️ Pull request - Propose & review changes before merging branches
Key commands:
➡️ git init - Initialize a new repo
➡️ git status - View changed files not staged for commit
➡️ git add - Stage files for commit
➡️ git commit - Commit staged snapshot
➡️ git branch - List, create, or delete branches
➡️ git checkout - Switch between branches
➡️ git merge - Join two development histories (branches)
➡️ git push/pull - Send/receive commits to remote repo
✈️ 𝗙𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼𝘄 @prodevopsguy 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗱 & 𝗗𝗲𝘃𝗢𝗽𝘀!!!
In this post, I'll provide a quick overview of some core GIT concepts and commands.
Key concepts:
Key commands:
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kubectl create -f pod.yamlkubectl get podskubectl describe pod <pod_name>kubectl logs <pod_name>kubectl exec -it <pod_name> -- <command>kubectl delete pod <pod_name>kubectl create -f deployment.yamlkubectl get deploymentskubectl describe deployment <deployment_name>kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment/<deployment_name>kubectl rollout status deployment/<deployment_name>kubectl rollout history deployment/<deployment_name>kubectl create -f service.yamlkubectl get serviceskubectl describe service <service_name>kubectl delete service <service_name>kubectl create configmap <configmap_name> --from-file=<file_path>kubectl get configmapskubectl describe configmap <configmap_name>kubectl delete configmap <configmap_name>kubectl create secret generic <secret_name> --from-literal=<key>=<value>kubectl get secretskubectl describe secret <secret_name>kubectl delete secret <secret_name>kubectl get nodeskubectl describe node <node_name>kubectl get namespaceskubectl describe namespace <namespace_name>kubectl get pv / kubectl get pvckubectl describe pv <pv_name> / kubectl describe pvc <pvc_name>kubectl delete pv <pv_name> / kubectl delete pvc <pvc_name>Please open Telegram to view this post
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Docker has revolutionized the world of containerization, enabling scalable and efficient application deployment.
To make the most of this powerful tool, here are 10 essential Docker best practices:
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ansible-inventory: To view the current inventory.ansible-inventory --graph: To visualize inventory as a graph.ansible-inventory --list: To list all hosts in the inventory.ansible: Run a single command on one or more managed nodes. Example:
ansible all -m ping (ping all hosts).ansible <group_name> -m <module_name> -a "<module_arguments>": Execute a module on a specific group of hosts. Example: ansible web_servers -m shell -a "uptime"ansible-playbook: Run a playbook. Example: ansible-playbook deploy.yml.ansible-playbook --syntax-check: Check syntax of playbook.ansible-playbook --list-tasks: List tasks in a playbook without executing them.ansible-galaxy init <role_name>: Initialize a new role.ansible-galaxy install <role_name>: Install a role from Ansible Galaxy.ansible-galaxy remove <role_name>: Remove a role.ansible-galaxy list: List installed roles.ansible-vault create <filename>: Create a new encrypted file.ansible-vault edit <filename>: Edit an encrypted file.ansible-vault encrypt <filename>: Encrypt an existing file.ansible-vault decrypt <filename>: Decrypt an encrypted file.ansible-inventory --refresh: Refresh dynamic inventory.ansible-inventory --graph: Visualize dynamic inventory as a graph.🐠 Tags:
Use tags in playbooks to execute specific tasks. Example:
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Ever struggled with deploying multi-container applications? Enter 𝗱𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿-𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝘂𝗽!
One command to rule them all - orchestrating your containers seamlessly.
Spin up your dev environment with ease, define services, and voila! But wait, there's more - when it's time to call it a day, simply do a graceful exit with 𝗱𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗲𝗿-𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻.
Clean, efficient, and a game-changer for simplifying your development workflow.
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𝑱𝒐𝒊𝒏 𝑶𝒖𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒄𝒉 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚 -> 𝑮𝒖𝒊𝒅𝒆 𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓’𝒔
- Control your code with Git. It keeps track of changes and helps you work together on projects.
- Get comfy with Linux basics. It's like the home for your code, and knowing your way around is a big plus.
- Learn to talk to computers! Python and GO are like your special languages for making things happen in the digital world.
- Understand databases - they're where you store and fetch data. Knowing how they work is super important.
- Imagine the internet as a giant highway. Networking helps you build and navigate the roads for your digital traffic.
- Meet Jenkins, your automation buddy. It helps you put code together, test it, and deliver it smoothly.
- Workflows made easy! GitHub Actions automates tasks like testing and deploying, right from your GitHub space.
- GitLab CI is another cool friend. It makes sure your code is always in tip-top shape with continuous integration and delivery.
- Think of Circle CI as your helper in the cloud. It makes sure your code gets where it needs to go without a hitch.
- Docker is like a magic box. It helps you pack your software in a way that it runs the same everywhere.
- Imagine having a tiny helper organizing all your software containers. That's Kubernetes – making sure everything runs smoothly.
- HELM is like your toolkit for managing and releasing your software on Kubernetes. It makes your job way easier.
- These are like three big playgrounds for your digital creations. Pick one (or all) and learn how to play!
- Terraform is your digital construction worker. It builds and manages your online world without breaking a sweat.
- Meet Ansible, your automation genie. It makes sure everything in your digital kingdom is in order.
- Grafana is like your digital eyes. It helps you see and understand what's happening in your digital world with cool dashboards.
- Elastic Stack is your superhero trio – Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana. They work together to manage and analyze your digital logs.
- Prometheus is your guard dog. It keeps watch and warns you if anything is going wrong in your digital space.
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