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ุชุฌู…ูŠุนุฉ GuidelinesุŒ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑุงุชุŒ ู…ู„ุฎุตุงุช ูƒูˆุฑุณุงุช .... ุงู„ุฎ
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ADA Insulin Dosing Recommendations for Adults with T2DM
Step 1 - start with long-acting insulin or bedtime NPH

Initial dose: 10 units/day or 0.1 - 0.2 units/kg/day
Adjust dose: increase dose by 10 - 15% or 2 - 4 units once or twice weekly to achieve fasting blood sugar goal (see adjusting basal insulin and NPH dosing for other recommendations)
If hypoglycemia occurs: decrease dose by 10 - 20% or 4 units

If A1C is still above target despite achieving fasting blood sugar goal, or if A1C is not at target and insulin dose is > 0.7 - 1.0 units/kg, proceed to Step 2

Step 2 - add premeal insulin before largest meal

Initial dose: 4 units or 10% of basal dose
If A1C < 8%, consider decreasing basal insulin dose by same amount
Adjust dose: increase dose by 1 - 2 units or 10 - 15% twice weekly to achieve pre- and postprandial goals (see adjusting premeal insulin for other recommendations)
If hypoglycemia occurs: decrease dose 2 - 4 units or 10 - 20%

For patients using bedtime NPH:
Consider switching to twice daily NPH by taking 80% of current bedtime NPH dose and giving 2/3 in the morning and 1/3 at bedtime. See NPH dosing for more.
Example:
Current bedtime NPH dose is 30 units
0.80 X 30 = 24 units
2/3 of 24 = 16 units in the morning
1/3 of 24 = 8 units in the evening

If A1C still not at target, proceed to Step 3
ADA Insulin Recommendations for Youth with T2DM
Basal insulin

Initial dose: 0.5 units/kg/day

Adjust dose: Increase every 3 - 5 days based on blood sugar readings to a maximum of 1.5 units/kg/day

If pancreatic autoantibodies are positive, consider starting basal-premeal regimen or insulin pump therapy
#juxtaphrenic_peak_sign
(also called diaphragmatic tenting or Kattan sign) refers to a peaked or tented appearance of a hemidiaphragm caused by ipsilateral lung volume loss. It results from retraction of the diaphragm at an inferior accessory fissure, major fissure, or inferior pulmonary ligament.
#Radiographically,
it appears as a small triangular opacity with its apex pointing superiorly on the hemidiaphragm.
#Significance
It is most commonly seen in right or left upper lobe volume loss (collapse), although it may also occur with middle lobe collapse.
Acute respiratory failure
Coartum ๐Ÿซจ๐Ÿซจ5 day rรฉgimen
T2DM 2026 UpdatesInMedicine.com.pdf
25 MB
๐Ÿ”ด Management of Type 2 Diabetes, 2026. A Consensus Report

American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European, Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)

UpdatesInMedicine.com
โค1
๐Ÿค Aspirin toxicity
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ู„ูˆ ุนูŠุงู† ู… ุนูŠุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆู…ุงุดูŠ ุน ุงุณุจุฑูŠู† ูˆุญุจ ูŠุฑูŠุญ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆุฌู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฏ ูขู  ู‚ุฑุต ูˆุงู„ู‚ุฑุต ุงุตู„ุง ูกูฅู  ู…ู„ุฌู… ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ู ุงู„ู…ุฑู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏู‡ ูฃู ู ู ู…ู„ุฌู…

๐Ÿซฃุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู‡ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ

๐Ÿ™‚ุชุฑุฌูŠุน

๐Ÿ™‚ุจูŠูƒุญ ุฏู…

๐Ÿ˜Œุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู… ู ุงู„ุจุทู†

๐Ÿ˜Œู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุญุงุณุณ ุจ ุทู†ูŠู† ู ูˆุฏุงู†ูŠ + ุญุงุณุณ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุจุชู„ู ุจูŠู‡

๐Ÿ˜Œู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูุฌุงู‡ ุจู‚ูŠ dyspnea & hyperventilation

๐Ÿ˜Œู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฑูŠู‚ูŠ ู†ุดู + ูƒู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‡

๐Ÿ˜Œู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู confusion & Convulsions
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๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ hypoglycemia

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธุดูˆู RR ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ Tachypnea

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธุดูˆู HR ู‡ุชุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ Tachycardia ุจุณ ุถุนูŠู

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธุดูˆู BP ูˆุงุฑุฏ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ hypotension

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธู„ูˆ ู‚ูŠุณุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ feverish

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๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธุฑูƒุจ ู„ู„ุนูŠุงู† ูƒุงู†ูŠูˆู„ุง ุน ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน

ูˆุชุณุญุจ ุบุงุฒุงุช + ูˆุธุงุฆู ูƒู„ูŠ+ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ูˆุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู…
&RBS

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๐Ÿคุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุน ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ู‡

๐Ÿ˜Œ
_ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆุตู„ ุงูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู†ูŠุฒู„ ูฆ ู„ุชุฑ ู„ูˆ ููŠู†ุชูˆุฑูŠ ู…ุงุณูƒ ูขูจ% ูˆุงุตุจุฑ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุงุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู‡ูŠุฑูุน ูˆู„ุง ู„ุง

๐Ÿ˜Œู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ ู metabolic acidosis

ุฌู‡ุฒ ู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒุงุฑุจ ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ู‡ุชุฏูŠ bolous ู ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุดูˆู ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุณุญุจ ุบุงุฒุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู…ุชุตู„ุญุด ู‡ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุน Infusion ุจุงู„ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุฏู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆุจ

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธุตู„ุญ ุงู„ูŠ ุญุตู„ ู ู…ุนุฏุชู‡ ุจ ุงู†ุชูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู…ุจูˆู„ ุฃูˆ ูƒูˆู†ุชุฑูˆู„ูˆูƒ ููŠุงู„

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธุบุณูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู‡ ูˆุฏู‡ ุงู‡ู… ุญุงุฌู‡

๐Ÿคทโ€โ™€๏ธู†ุต ู„ุชุฑ ู…ู„ุญ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ู‡ูŠู‡ุจุท ู…ู†ูƒ

ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุฑูƒุจ CVP ู„ูˆ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุณู† ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู„ุงูˆุฑุฏู‡ ุถุนูŠูู‡ ุนู„ุดุงู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุณุญุจ ูˆูƒู… ุงู„ุงุฏูˆูŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
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