Pattern Finance and Investment - ፋይናንስ
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Most CEOs use these metrics.
Few actually understand them.

Let’s break it down:

1️⃣ ROI: Return on Investment

• Formula: ROI = (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) * 100%

• Good for: Simple, one-off projects or campaigns.

• Caveat: It ignores the time value of money, so it’s not great for long-term investments.

2️⃣ ROIC: Return on Invested Capital

• Formula: ROIC = EBIT (1-Tax) / (Long-Term Debt + Equity - Non-Operating Cash)

• Good for: Evaluating how efficiently a company uses its invested capital.

• Caveat: If a company has large non-operating cash, this number might look artificially strong.

3️⃣ ROE: Return on Equity

• Formula: ROE = Net Income / Equity

• Good for: Investors who want to know how well their equity is being used.

• Caveat: Be cautious—excessive leverage can inflate ROE, making it seem better than it is.

4️⃣ ROCE: Return on Capital Employed

• Formula: ROCE = EBIT / (Long-Term Debt + Equity)

• Good for: Measuring profitability and efficiency in capital usage.

• Caveat: It doesn’t account for the cost of debt, which can make it less reliable for heavily leveraged companies.

5️⃣ ROA: Return on Assets

• Formula: ROA = Net Income / Total Assets

• Good for: Understanding how effectively a company uses its assets to generate profit.

• Caveat: ROA tends to look lower for capital-intensive industries because it includes depreciation.

The takeaway?

No single metric tells the whole story.

• Use ROI for campaign or project analysis.
• Use ROIC to measure long-term efficiency.
• Use ROE to evaluate equity returns for investors.
• Use ROCE to understand capital efficiency.
• Use ROA to assess how well assets are being used.

@PatternFin
የባንከሮች ነገ?

➡️ <<……….. እኔ ሥልጠና ስሰጥ ነው የምውለው፡፡ በተለይ የማሠለጥነው የባንክ ባለሙያዎችን ነው፡፡ ከስቶክ ማኔጅመንት እስከ ታች ድረስ ብዙዎቹ የካፒታል ማርኬትን በሚፈለገው መጠን እንደማያውቁ ነው፡፡ እነሱ ፋይናንስ ላይ ሆነው ካፒታል ማርኬትን በዚያ ደረጃ ካልተረዱ፣ ከፋይናንስ ውጪ የራቀ ሰው ምን ይሆናል የሚለውን ሳስብ ብዙ ክፍተቶች እንዳሉ እገምታለሁ፡፡……….>> Dr Dakito Alemu Kesto

➡️ <<….. ሌሎች የባንክ አሠራር ሥርዓቶችም አሉ፡፡ ለምሳሌ እንደ ኢንቨስትመንት ባንክ ያሉ የባንክ አሠራር ሥርዓቶች ማምጣት የሚቻልበት ሁኔታ መፍጠር ከተቻለ፣ በአብዛኛው ብድር ሰጥቶ ገቢ ከማግኘት ይልቅ አገልግሎት ሰጥቶ ገቢ የሚኘበት ሁኔታ ይኖራል፡፡ እንዲህ ያለው አሠራር ሪስካቸውንም እንዲቀንስ የማድረግ ዕድል ይሰጣል፡፡ ገቢያቸውንም ያለ ሥጋት ለማስቀጠል ያስችላቸዋል፡፡ ስለዚህ ባንኮች ስትራቴጂካሊ መሄድ አለባቸው ብዬ ከማምንባቸው ጉዳዮች አንዱ ከብድር ወለድ ገቢ ውጭ ያሉ አሠራሮችን የበለጠ የሚያሳድግበት የአሠራር ሥርዓት ማምጣት ነው፡፡ ለዚህ ደግሞ ትልቅ አጋዥ የሚሆነው የቴክኖሎጂ ፕላትፎርም ነው፡፡ የኢትዮጵያ የባንክ ኢንዱትሪ የተለመደ አሠራር ማሻሻል አለበት የምልበት አንዱ ምክንያት እዚህ አካባቢ ያለው ሁኔታ ነው፡፡ ከዚህ ባሻገር የሠለጠነ የሰው ኃይል ከማፍራት አንፃር በበቂ ሁኔታ እየተሠራበት አይደለም፡፡ ብቁ ባለሙያዎችን የማፍራት ችግር አለ፡፡ ዩኒቨርሲቲዎቻችን ለዘርፉ የሚሆን የተሻለ በቂ የሰው ኃይል ለማፍራት የሚያስችል ያን ያህል የተለየ የሥልጠና ዘርፍ የላቸውም፡፡ ከዚህ ቀደም የባንክና ኢንሹራንስ ዘርፍ ላይ ሥልጠናዎች ነበሩ፡፡ አሁን ግን ካለው ችግር አንፃር ባንኮች በተለያየ ዘርፍ የተመረቁ ባለሙያዎችን ወስደው የራሳቸውን ሥልጠና ሰጥተው ነው የሚያበቋቸው፡፡ ሰርቲፋይድ የሆነ የባንክ ባለሙያ ከመፍጠር አንፃር የኢትዮጵያ የባንክ ኢንዱስትሪ አሁንም ውስንነት አለበት፡፡ በሌሎች አገሮች የባንክ ሠራተኛ ባንክ ውስጥ ገብቶ ለማገልገል ሰርቲፋይድ መሆን ይጠበቅበታል፡፡…………>> Henok Kebede Tadesse

➡️ <<………. ከውጭ አገሮች የተለያዩ የቴክኖሎጂ ውጤቶችን ልታስገባ ትችላለህ ነገር ግን ያ ብቻውን ምንም አይሠራም፡፡ ይኼንን በአግባቡ መጠቀም የሚችል ሰው ኃይል መገንባት ያስፈልጋል፡፡ እናም በዋናነት በሥራችን ባሉ ተቋማትም ጋር ሆነን ወደ ባንኮች ለመቅረብ የፈለግንበት ምክንያት ወይም ለመሙላት ያሰብነው የትኩረት ከባቢ አቅም ግንባታ ላይ ነው፡፡ በሴክተሩ ላይ ያሉ ሠራተኞችን አቅምን መገንባት ያስፈልጋል፡፡ ምክንያቱም ቀጣዮቹ ዘርፉን የሚረከቡትና የሚመሩት አካላት ስለሆኑ፡፡………..>> Akash Mahendra Bhavsar
Compiled by Biniyame K.

@PatternFin
Top exports of African countries

@PatternFin
📢 Here's a look at the top exports of African countries 👀
Via #Afridigest

While the continent is resource-rich — holding a third of global mineral reserves, ~12% of oil reserves, and ~8% of natural gas reserves — this natural wealth doesn't benefit the masses.

Why?

One reason is that raw materials dominate Africa's exports, creating jobs and economic value abroad instead of on the continent.

The map below highlights Africa's three dominant export patterns:

• Energy titans: Nigeria, Angola, and Algeria drive their economies through petroleum

• Mineral powerhouses: West Africa's gold belt, Botswana and Namibia's diamond wealth

• Agricultural leaders: Côte d'Ivoire (cocoa), Ethiopia (coffee), Kenya (tea)

This resource wealth without significant value addition/creation offers one major lesson for founders and executives:

💡 Controlling resources isn’t enough; what matters is whether you can capture the value those resources create.

@PatternFin
📢 #Jasiri is calling all aspiring entrepreneurs! Join Cohort 8 of the Talent Investor Program.
We believe businesses can be a force for good. 💪 Since 2021, we've empowered 227 responsible entrepreneurs across Rwanda 🇷🇼, Kenya🇰🇪, and Ethiopia🇪🇹 to create high-impact businesses.
Here's the impact you can be part of:
1. 93 ventures launched across 42 industries
2. 81 active businesses creating positive change
3. Over 2,000 jobs created
4. Over 12,000 individuals impacted

Ready to make a difference? Apply now: jasiri.org/jasiri-talent-

#Jasiri4Africa

@PatternFin
Are hashtag#Insurance hashtag#stocks set to collapse?
LA wildfires have officially spread over 40,000 acres with INSURANCE LOSSES crossing $20 billion. Since the market closed on Friday, ESTIMATED DAMAGES have TRIPLED to $150 billion.
Insurance, power company, and other corporate bankruptcies could emerge from this.
As seen with the PG&E bankruptcy in 2019 after the Camp Fire disaster, these events can create economic ripple effects. E.g many bonds will be downgraded to "Junk" rating in the near future.

Could LA wildfires cause an economic ripple effect?

Source: The Kobeissi Letter

@PatternFin
Minimum Capital Requirement!

Sixteen commercial banks require over 45 billion birr of additional investment to meet the 5-billion-birr minimum capital requirement set by the National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE).
Source; Capital Market in Ethiopia

@PatternFin
👍1
#InterestFreeBanking Hijira Bank's net profit rocketed over four times its previous record in 2023/24, posting more than 100 million Br after tax. The Bank showed no signs of slowing its pace, making its mark in the industry and proving its ability to innovate within the ever-evolving regulatory constraints.
Source; #AddisFortune

#Hijrabank
#Interestfreebanking

@PatternFin
👍2
Have you ever heard of the Dunning-Kruger Effect?

David Dunning and Justin Kruger, shared this concept in a 1999 study titled "Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments." It’s a cognitive bias where people with limited knowledge or expertise in a subject often overestimate their abilities, while those with greater competence tend to underestimate their expertise.

In leadership, this phenomenon can manifest in interesting ways:
1️⃣ Overconfidence in early stages: New or inexperienced leaders might overestimate their skills, believing they have all the answers. While confidence is valuable, overconfidence can lead to poor decisions or resistance to feedback.
2️⃣ Self-doubt in experienced leaders: On the flip side, seasoned leaders—who are acutely aware of the complexities of leadership—may underestimate their own expertise, questioning their abilities more than they should.

Why does this matter?
Great leadership requires self-awareness. Leaders need to balance confidence with humility:
For new leaders: Be open to feedback, recognize the value of diverse perspectives, and remain committed to learning.
For experienced leaders: Remember that your expertise is built on years of hard work. Share your knowledge confidently, even if you feel there’s more to learn.

Now, let’s address two practical questions:
1️⃣ How do you approach someone with overconfidence?
Start with curiosity: Ask open-ended questions to understand their perspective and reasoning. This can help them reflect on their assumptions without feeling defensive.
Offer constructive feedback: Share observations gently, using examples or data to highlight areas they may have overlooked. Focus on collaboration rather than criticism.
Encourage learning: Suggest resources, mentors, or training that can expand their knowledge and deepen their skills. Helping them grow is more effective than confronting them directly.

2️⃣ How can you speak up more courageously when you have the knowledge and experience?
Trust your expertise: Remind yourself of the work and effort that built your knowledge. Others may need your insights to make better decisions.
Frame your input constructively: Instead of saying, "You're wrong," try "Here’s another perspective we might consider." This makes it easier for others to engage with your ideas.
Practice small steps: Start speaking up in less intimidating scenarios to build confidence. Over time, this will make it easier to share your thoughts in high-stakes situations.

The key takeaway? Leadership is a journey. Recognizing where you (and your team) might fall on the Dunning-Kruger curve—and addressing it proactively—can lead to better growth, collaboration, and decision-making.
Source; Timothy T Tiryaki, PhD (LinkedIn)

Share us your thoughts on the comment section❗️

@PatternFin
Property Tax Proclamation!

The house of People's Representatives in it's 4th year, 15th regular meeting has approved the draft proclamation on Property Tax.

The house passed a resolution to endorse the tax law and ratified the draft under proclamation number 1365/2017.

@PatternFin
A Perfect Storm

Ethiopia’s Banking Sector Navigates Uncharted Waters
@PatternFin
A Perfect Storm
Ethiopia’s Banking Sector Navigates Uncharted Waters


Ethiopia’s banking sector is currently grappling with a severe liquidity crunch, causing significant distress to individuals and businesses. The effects are palpable, with delayed transfers, restricted cash withdrawals, and challenges in securing loans becoming the norm.

Why are banks struggling with liquidity? How have the government’s recent economic reforms impacted the banking sector? What are the real-world implications for businesses and consumers? And what steps are being taken to address the crisis? These are the pressing questions that need answers.

This in-depth analysis by EBR’s Munir Shemsu explores these questions, examining the root causes of the liquidity crisis, the challenges banks face, and the potential consequences for the broader economy. The liquidity crisis in the banking sector is not just a problem for individual banks or their customers. It has the potential to significantly disrupt the entire economy, affecting businesses, consumers, and investors alike. #EBR

@PatternFin
Ethiopia’s Parallel Forex Rate Surges to 150 ETB, Testing Government Reforms

#AddisInsight
Ethiopia’s forex parallel market continues to experience significant volatility, with the rate soaring to 150 ETB per USD, a sharp increase from the 130 ETB per USD recorded just two weeks ago. This fluctuation underscores the challenges of aligning the official and parallel exchange rates, despite ongoing efforts by the government and commercial banks to stabilize the market.
@PatternFin
ወጋገን ባንክ ወጋገን ኢ-ብር የተሰኘ የሞባይል ዋሌት አገልግሎት በይፋ አስጀመረ

ወጋገን ባንክ ደንበኞች ወደ ባንክ ቅርንጫፎች መሄድ ሳይጠበቅባቸው በሞባይል ስልካቸው ከፕሌይስቶር ወይም አፕ ስቶር ኢ-ብር የተሰኘ መተግበሪያ በማውረድ እንዲሁም በአጭር የጽሑፍ መልዕክት በመጠቀም የዋሌት ሂሳብ መክፈት፣ ገንዘብ ማንቀሳቀስ፣ ክፍያ መፈፀም እና ሂሳብ ማስተዳደር የሚያስችል የሞባይል ዋሌት አገልግሎት ከኢ-ብር ሞባይል ፋይናንሻል ሰርቪስስ ጋር በመተባበር መስጠት መጀመሩን አስታወቀ፡፡

#WegagenBank
#E_Birr
@PatternFin
Alleged Shareholder Sues Sunpay, Demands Dissolution

#Sunpay Solutions’ alleged shareholder, Bruck Fikre, has filed a lawsuit seeking the company's dissolution and compensation for his shares, citing a lack of transparency and financial mismanagement.

The fintech company recently had its license revoked by the National Bank of Ethiopia due to numerous operational failures and regulatory violations, including failure to commence operations and hold mandatory shareholder meetings.

The legal proceedings are ongoing, with a court date set for January 2025.
#Fortune

@PatternFin
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Federal Judge Suspends Addis Chamber's Assembly as Leadership Dispute Intensifies

A legal dispute has stalled the Addis Abeba Chamber of Commerce & Sectoral Associations (AACCSA) general assembly.

Board member Abera A. Eshete sued Chamber President Mesenbet Shenkute, alleging illegal dismissal for opposing a proposed constitutional overhaul that would make membership mandatory. Mesenbet argued the change is necessary to strengthen the Chamber financially, while Abera claims it is a power grab.

The lawsuit seeks Abera's reinstatement and a halt to the restructuring plan, leaving the Chamber's future and its 17,000 members in uncertainty. A court injunction currently prevents the Chamber from operating. #Fortune

@PatternFin