OSCE ๐Ÿ‘€
354 subscribers
52 photos
1 file
2 links
Download Telegram
Forwarded from Mofadala4
Forwarded from Mofadala4
Forwarded from Mofadala4
Forwarded from Mofadala4
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… .. ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุฌู†ุฉ (7)
Anterior seg :

Hyphema ใ€‹ูˆู‡ุฏุฑุฒู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡
Congenital buphthalmus ใ€‹ูˆู‡ุฏุฑุฒู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุงู…ู„
D.D of lucokoria ?
Retinoblastoma ูˆู‡ุฏุฑุฒู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ๐Ÿ˜‚๐Ÿ˜‚
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุณุจู‡ุง ู…ุงุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุณุฃู„ุชู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ

Post.segment: ุฏ.ุฅู†ุชุตุงุฑ

CRAO ใ€‹causes ? D.D of Chery red spot?
How to manage it ?

1ry optic nerve ใ€‹causes?

Retinal tear ใ€‹causes ?How to manage ?

Types of laser ?

Yag laser use it for what ?
Forwarded from Mofadala4
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ๐ŸŒธ ู„ุฌู†ุฉ 4 ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ant segment ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ ูƒุงู†N third cranial palsy ูŠุจูŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูˆุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ causes ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ herpes zoster ุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุดู† ุฅุณู… ุงู„ ulcer ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง dendritic ulcer ู…ุตุจูˆุบุฉ ุจ ูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุชูƒู„ู…ุช ุน herpes simplex ูƒู„ู‡ ุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ ุจูŠุจูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ unilateral leukocoria ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุนุฑููŠู‡ ูˆุดู† D.D ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌุงูƒ ุจูŠุจูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ 7 months ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ leukocoria with weight loss ุดู†ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ red eye ูˆู‚ูˆู„ูŠ D.D ูˆู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงูุฑุถูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎุฏู…ูŠ ููŠ ุตูŠุฏู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฌุงูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ red eye ูˆู‚ุงู„ูƒ ุงุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฏูˆุงุก ุดู† ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงุณุชุงูƒูŠุช ๐Ÿ˜‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ุจู†ุฎุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ูู„ุงู…ูŠุดู† ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ anti bio ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุฑุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุบู„ุท ุชูˆุง ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ุงู„ูƒ ุทูˆู„ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูŠู„ู‡ ุงู…ุดูŠ ู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุนูŠูˆู† ุนู„ุงุด ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุณู…ู‡ ุฃุฎุตุงุฆูŠ ุนูŠูˆู† ุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ ุจูŠุจูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ macrocornia ุดู† D,D ุชูƒู„ู…ูŠ ุน buphthalmos ูˆุดู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูŠุจูˆ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ surgical only , ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ applanation tonometry ุดู† ุฅุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ูˆููŠู‡ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณู…ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ post synechiae ุจูŠูƒูˆู† irregular pupil ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฅุณู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŒ phakic IoL ูˆูŠุจูŠ ุฅุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุนู„ุงุด ู…ุฑูƒุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ A/C IOL ุงู†ุฏูŠูƒูŠุช ู„ุดู†ูˆุŸ ุŒ alternative squint cover uncover test ูˆุดู† ุฃุญุณู† ูŠูƒูˆู† uni or alter ูˆุนู„ุงุฌู‡ู…ุŒ ุนู„ุงุด ุจู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆุง occlusion therapy ,
amblyopia ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ุงู„
Post segment
Retinal break, rh RD ุŒtypes of RD ูˆุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงูุฑ ู…ู† ุฒูˆุงุฑุฉ ู„ุทุจุฑู‚ ุจุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุน ุฎุงุทุฑ ู‚ุงู„ูˆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุจูŠุฏูŠุฑู„ูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุŸ ุณู…ูŠุชู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ูŠุจูŠู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูˆู…ู†ู‡ู… pneumatic retinopexy ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ูˆู†ุฌุญุช ุชู…ุงู… ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุฌูŠุช ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ูŠุจูƒูŠ ุฎูˆู‡ ุชูˆููŠ ูˆุจูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ุฒูˆุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุทูŠุงุฑุฉ ุดู† ุฑุงูŠูƒ ! ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ุน ุฎุงุทุฑ gravity ูˆุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ iop ูˆุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุชู„ู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู‡ gas ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุนุธู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฃุฌุฑูƒ ูˆุฑูˆุญ ุจุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ๐Ÿ˜ช ุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ fluorescein angiography ูˆvascularizationุจุนูŠุฏ ุน optic disc ุดู† ู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ุŸ ุŒ primary optic atrophy ุŒ
Neovascular glaucoma ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ
ุงู„ causes ูˆุดู† mcc ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง ุทูˆู„ ุจุฏูŠุช ุจ ischemic CRVO ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง prolifrative diapetic retinopathy ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ pDR ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ most common cause ุน ุฎุงุทุฑ ููŠ ู‡ู„ุจุง ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… DM ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุงุŒ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ CRAO ูˆุดู† ุนู„ุงุฌู‡

ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆูู‚ูŠู†๐ŸŒธ๐ŸŒธ
Forwarded from abdulbari aboabod
ุงู„ู„ุฌู†ู‡ ุฑู‚ู… 2

Diabetic ritenopathy
ุณุงู„ู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ูุงูŠู†ุฏู‚ ุงู„ูŠ ูุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูŠุจูŠ ุญุฏ ูุงู‡ู… ูˆูŠูˆุฑูŠู‡ู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุด ุญุงูุธ ุญูุธ
ูˆุณุงู„ ุนุงู„ุณุชูŠุฌูŠุณ ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ุงุชู‡ู…
ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู†ูุณ ุงู„ุตูุญ crvo
ู‚ุนุฏ ูŠุณุงู„ ููŠุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ุง ูˆุณุงู„ู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ 100 days glucoma
ูˆุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฌุงูˆุจุช ุจุฏูŠ ูŠู‡ุฏุฑุฒ ู‡ูˆุง ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง
ุณุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ avastin ู†ุญู‚ู†ูˆู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ูŠุฒุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุจุนุฏ
ูˆู‚ุนุฏ ูŠู‡ุฏุฑุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู… ูƒู†ุฏุง ูˆุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุง ูุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆู‚ุนุฏ ูŠุชูƒู„ู… ู‡ูˆุง ุงู…ุชุฑ ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง

Anterir champer
ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุญุฏ ู„ู„ุงู…ุงู†ู‡
ุงู„ุณู„ุงูŠุฏุงุช
Aplantion tonometr
ุดู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆู„ุดู† ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ูˆูŠุจูŠ ุงู† ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆ ูุงู†ู„ุฌูŠุฒูƒ ุฏุฑูˆุจ ูˆูู„ูˆุฑูŠุณูŠู† ุณุชูŠู† ูˆุณุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ูุงู„ูŠูˆ ู…ุชุงุน iop
Keratoplasty ุดู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ูˆุดู† ุงู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆู„ุงู†ุฏูŠูƒูŠุดู† ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง
Dendritic ulcer
ุดู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง ูˆุดู† ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง acyclovir
ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุชูŠุฑูˆูŠุฏ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑู‡
ูŠุจูŠ ูŠุบู„ุทูƒ
ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ู…ู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ูˆุด ููŠู‡ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงุด ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ู„ุงู† ูŠุฏูŠุฑ geographic ulcir

Orbital edema
ูŠุจูŠ dd ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑู‚ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ orbitalcylulitis
ูˆุงู„ preseptal cylulitis

Third cranial nerve palsy
ูˆูŠุจูŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุนู‡ ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ูุฑู‚ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู„ุงูŠุช ุฑูŠูู„ูŠูƒุณ

Acute dacriocytitis
ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู…ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠู‡ุง pus
ุณุงู„ู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ุงูƒูŠูˆุช ู‚ุชู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠุฏู†ูŠุณ ูˆุงู„ุงูŠุฏูŠู…ุง ูˆู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจูŠุดู†ุช ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ ุญู†ู„ู‚ุงู‡ุง ุชูŠู†ุฏุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆุชู†ูŠุณ
ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงุด ู…ู‚ู„ุชุด pus ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ู„ุงู† ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญ ูุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู†ุฑุงุฌูŠ ููŠูƒ ุชุบู„ุท ููŠู‡ุง

Full acomdative sqint
ูˆูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชู‡ full ู…ุด ุจุงุฑุดูŠุงู„
ูˆุดู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠ ู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆู‡ุง
ุจุชุฌุงูˆุจู‡ ู…ู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆู„ุงุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงู† ู…ูŠุญุชุงุฌุด

Keratoplasty
ูˆุงู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฏูŠูƒูŠุดู† ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง

iridodialysis
ูˆุดู† ุงุณุจุงุจู‡
ุงูƒุชุฑ ุณุจุจ ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุงุทุฑู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฏูŠุจู„ูˆุจูŠุง

rubeosis iridis
ุงุณุจุงุจู‡ุง ูˆุดู† ุชุฏูŠุฑู„ูŠ ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช
ู‡ุงูŠููŠู…ุง ูˆู†ูŠุฌูŠู†ุณุณ ู‚ู„ูˆูƒูˆู…ุง
ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ุนุทูˆ pilocarbin
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ contraindicated
ุนู„ุงุด ู„ุงู† ุญูŠุฏูŠุฑู„ูŠ ู…ุงูŠูˆุณูŠุฒ ูˆูŠุทุฑุจู‚ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฏ ููŠุฒู„ุณ
ุจู‡ ุดู† ู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆู„ู‡
ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ูุงู†ุฏูˆุณูƒูˆุจูŠ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆ ุงุฑู‚ูˆู† ู„ูŠุฒุฑ
Forwarded from abdulbari aboabod
ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ู†ุณู‰
ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูŠูˆุณูŠุฒ ุงูŠุฑูŠุฏุณ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช avastin
ูˆูŠุจูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ
ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠุงุจูŠุชูƒ ูุงู„ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูŠูˆุฑ ุดุงู…ุจุฑ ุญุฑููŠุง ุณุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ู„ู„ ุดูŠ ูุงู„ุณุชูŠุฌุงุช
ุญุชู‰ ูƒู„ ุณุชูŠุฌ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุงู„ุฌูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุนู„ุงุด
ู…ุชู„ุง ุงู„ุจุงูƒ ู‚ุฑุงูˆู†ุฏ ู‚ุชู„ู‡ ูƒู†ุชุฑูˆู„ ุฏูŠุงุจูŠุชุณ ูˆู…ุชุงุจุนู‡
ุฎุด ุจูŠุง ูุงู„ู‡ุงูŠุจุฑ ุชูŠู†ุดู†
ูˆุงู„ุณู…ูˆูƒูŠู†ุฌ
ูˆุณุงู„ู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู…ุฑุง ุญุงู…ู„ ุฌุงุชูƒ ูุงู„ุจุงูƒ ู‚ุฑุงูˆู†ุฏ ุดู† ุจุชุฏูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฎุด ุจูŠุง ูู…ูˆุงุถูŠุน ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ู†ุนุฑูุด ุนู„ุงุด
Forwarded from Ophthalmology MFD 6
โ›”๏ธAnterior segment โ›”๏ธ
ู…ุฑุงุณู… ุชุนุงุฑู ู…ุน ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ๐Ÿ˜… ูˆุงู‡ู†ูŠ ูŠุจูˆ ูŠุญูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุชูˆุชุฑ ู…ู†ูƒ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชู‚ูŠู… ู„ุซู‚ุชูƒ ุจู†ูุณูƒ
ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฑุงู‚ุฏ ุงู…ุชูŠ ุชุฑู‚ุฏ ุดู† ุฑุงูŠูƒ ููŠ ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู†

ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
โ›”๏ธ permetry
ุดู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ู…ุชุงุนู‡ ูˆุดู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆุงุนุทู†ูŠ abnormalities ูŠุจูŠ scotoma

โ›”๏ธtopography
ุดู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ุงุช ู…ุชุงุนู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูŠู„ูŠ ุชุดูˆู ูู‡ุง normal ุงูˆ ู„ุง ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฑูุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุชู… ๐Ÿคฃ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุง ู…ุด ู†ูˆุฑู…ุงู„ ู„ุงู† ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุตุงูŠุฑ bulges ุงู„ุงู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ู†ุงุฒู„ ู‡ู„ุจุง ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ
โ›”๏ธGlucomatous cupping
ุดู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชุณู…ูŠู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชู‡ blood shift nasal ุจุงู‡ูŠ ู‡ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† physiological ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ high myopia ูˆ families ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘

โ›”๏ธIOL in anterior chamber
ุดู† ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุŸ ุดู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง ุŸ ุนู„ุงุด ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญู†ูŠ ู…ุงู†ุญุจูˆู‡ุงุด ููŠ AC

โ›”๏ธMorgagian cataract + Peripheral iridecotomy ุตูˆุฑุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ

ุดู† ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุŸ ูƒูŠู ุตุงุฑุช ุŸ ุดู† ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ุง
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฎุด surgery ุญูˆู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฑูƒุจ IOL ููŠ Anterior chamber ูˆุชู…ุช
ุจุงู‡ูŠ ุดู† ุจุฏูŠุฑ ูŠุงุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุญุทู‡ุง ุบุงุฏูŠุŸ
Peripheral iridecotomy
ุจูŠุด ุชู…ู†ุน ุดู† ุŸ pupillary block glucoma
ุนู„ุงุด ุฃุฏูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฒุจุท ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู ุณุงุนุฉ 12 ุจูŠุด ูŠุบุทูŠู‡ุง upper lid ูˆู†ู…ู†ุน ptosis

โ›”๏ธDefinition of keratoconus and how to treat it ?

ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุณู…ูŠุช ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู‡ูŠ ูŠุงุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุชูˆ cross linking ูŠู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุขู„ุงูุถู„ ู†ุฏูŠุฑู‡ุง early ูˆู„ุง advanced ุŸ
ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุงูƒูŠุฏ early ู„ุงู† stabilization ู„ู„ vision ูˆู†ู‚ุต progression ู…ุชุงุน keratoconus

โ›”๏ธDendritic ulcer
ู…ุงุชุนุจุงุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณุงู‡ู„ุฉ ู†ูˆุถ ุฑูˆุญ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ ูˆููƒุฑ ููŠ ุชุฎุตุต ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุจุงุทู†ุฉ ู„ุงู† ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุจูŠ ุจุงุทู†ุฉ
Forwarded from Ophthalmology MFD 6
Posterior segment

โ›”๏ธุดู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† direct ูˆ indirect ูˆุดู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃุฏูŠุฑ ู‚ุจู„ ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ( ู†ุนุทูŠ mydriatic )

โ›”๏ธุตูˆุฑุฉ anisocoria ุดู† ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุŸ ูˆูŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆูู‡ุง
ุณู…ูŠุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ truma ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ .
ุงุนุทู†ูŠ ุณุคุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† congenital ู…ูˆู„ุฏ ุจูŠู‡ุง ู„ุงู† ูƒุงู† ูŠุจูŠ ูŠุณู…ุน Horner ู…ู†ูŠ
ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุงูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ุฒูŠ ุŸ
ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ Horner syndrome ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุดู† ู‡ูˆ ุŸ
ุนุฑูุชู‡ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุงุณุจุงุจ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ 5 ุญุงุฌุงุช ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ ูˆุทุจุนุง 5 ุญุงุฌุงุช ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุดูˆู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ูˆู„ูŠ ุดู† ุชุดูˆู ู…ู†ู‡ู…
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุตู„ุช ููŠ iris ุฃู„ู‚ูŠุช ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด heterochromia ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด congenital ู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูƒูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ heterochromia ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘

โ›”๏ธุจุนุฏูŠู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ CRVO ูˆูƒูŠู ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† Branche ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ูˆุงุฎุฏ ุฌู‡ุฉ Branches ูˆ Central ูƒู„ retina
ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ูˆุดู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ู…ุชุงุนู‡ ุŸ
โ›”๏ธischemic CRVO & Non

ุดู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู‡ู… ูˆุดู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุทุฑ ูˆู…ู† common ููŠู‡ู…

โ›”๏ธุจุนุฏูŠู† ุตูˆุฑุฉ RD
ุดู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
ุนู„ุงุฌ RRD
ุดู† ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู…ุชุงุนู‡ุง
ุดู† sign

โ›”๏ธุถุฑุจุงุช argon laser ุนู„ูŠ tear ุดู† ู‡ุฐุง
laser mark
ุดู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ ุŸ argon

ุชุนุฑู ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุŸ ุงูŠ YAG
ูˆูŠู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุŸ ุงุนุทูŠู‡ ุญุชูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงุฏูŠ
ุดู† ููƒุฑุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุŸ cutting

โ›”๏ธ ุตูˆุฑุฉ Papilledema ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ุญุงุชุนุฑูู‡ุง ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ูƒูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฌุงูƒ ุจ Bilateral disc swelling ูˆู‡ูƒูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ Papilledema

ุดู† ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุงุŸ
ุดู† ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจูŠุฏูˆุฑู‡ุง ุŸ MRI ูˆ CT
ู„ูŠุด ุŸ to excluded brain tumor

ุจุงู‡ูŠ ูƒูŠู ุชูุฑู‚ู‡ุง ู…ู† papillitit
ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ูƒูŠ ู…ุงู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฒูˆุฒ ูŠุฏูŠุฑูˆุง disc edema

ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ clinically ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจ symptoms ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ICP
( Papilledema )
ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด

๐Ÿคู‚ุงู„ูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูƒู…ู„

ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุญุฏุฉ vision ูŠู†ู‚ุต ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌ

๐Ÿคู‚ุงู„ูŠ ูƒู…ู„

ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู pupils ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ papillitis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… RABD ูˆุงู„ Papilledema ู„ุง

๐Ÿคู‚ุงู„ูŠ ูƒู…ู„

ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุดูุช ุญุฌู… disc swelling ุจ ophthalmoscopy
ุญุงู†ู„ู‚ูˆู‡ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 9D ุจูŠู†ู…ุง papillitis ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 3D
ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒ

โ›”๏ธู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุดู† ู‡ูˆ cotton wool spot ุŸ
ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ sign of ischemia ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ infarction ููŠ nerve fiber layer

โ›”๏ธุฌุช ุตูˆุฑุฉ RP ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุณุงู‡ู„ุฉ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ ู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆู‚ุนุฏู†ุง ู†ู‡ุฐุฑุฒูˆุง ุนู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ูˆู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุชุฎุตุต ุญู„ูˆ ูˆู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ู‚ุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆู† ๐Ÿ”ฅ ูˆุดู† ุฑุงูŠูƒ ุชุฎุด retina ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูŠู‡ ุนุงุฏูŠ ๐Ÿคฃ๐Ÿคฃ
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
General examination squint:-
History:-
๏‚ง Deviation ,Age , duration.
๏‚ง Family history.
๏‚ง Abnormal head posture .
๏‚ง Ocular movement .( uni-ocular & Bin-ocular) ๏ƒ 6 cardinal
๏‚ง Visual acuity (V/A).
๏‚ง Measurement of angle deviation:- MCQ OSCE
โ€ข Corneal light reflex test .( Hirschberg test).
โ€ข Prisms ๏ƒ  {single & bare prism.}
โ€ข Synaptophore
โ€ข Maddox wing
๏‚ง Fundus examination:-๏ƒ  Retinoblastoma
๏‚ง Ant. Segment examination ๏ƒ  glaucoma , cataract , corneal opacity , โ€ฆโ€ฆ.etc
\
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
Paralytic squint
Def:- it is manifest squint due to paralysis of one or more of EOMs.
Diagnosis:-
a-CTscan , MRI
b-Ocular motility test

comlication
amblyopia in children
ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
ู†ุนุงู„ุฌูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฎู„ุงู„ 6 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ูŠุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ู„ูˆ ู…ุชุนุงู„ุฌุด ู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆ ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ by muscle resection and recession
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
Concomitant squint Non paralytic squint
Def :-it is manifest squint , not due to paralysis of EOMs in which the angle ( 1ry angle = 2ry angle )


Causes:-
1-Uncorrected error of refraction
a-Hypermetropia ๏ƒ  accommodative esotropia= convergent.
b-Myopia๏ƒ accommodative exotropia = divergent.

Types :-
1-Unilateral
2-Alternating

Diagnosis:-
1-History :- age of onset , duration ,
2-Ocular examination :-
-fundus examination ( retinoblastoma )
-retinoscopy ( error of refraction)
-V/A ( vision)
3- ocular motility ;- 6 cardinal .
4-Cover- uncover tast.
5-Measurement of angle of squint :-
โ€ข Corneal light reflex:-( Hirschberg test)
-Angle 15 :- at pupillary margin.
-Angle 30 :- on the iris .
-Angle 45 :-at the limbus.
-Every 1mm on sclera = 7


complication:-
1-Suppression:- it occure in alternating squint.
2-Amblyopia
3-Eccentric fixation:- False macula.( vision is bad )

Treatment:-
before age 7yrs
1-To avoid amblyopia.
2-To developed binocular vision.
ttt:-
1- Glasses:- correcaton of error of refraction .
ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุด ูŠู„ุจุณูˆ ู†ุธุงุฑุฉ ู†ุนุทูˆู‡ู… Miotics (Eserin or pilocarpine

2- amblyopia therapy :- - occlusion normal eye ( 1 week /year)

3- surgical ttt.:-
Types of operation:-
-Esotropia ๏ƒ MR recession or LR resection.
-Exotropia ๏ƒ MR resection or LR recession.
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
Latent squint (heterophoria).
Def:- acondition in which the eye has atendency to deviate due to EOM imbalance

Diagnosis Latent squint (heterophoria).
1- Cover โ€“uncover test:- the cover eye deviates under the cover & correct it is position after removal the cover
2- Maddox rod.[ for far]:- Normal ๏ƒ orthophoria.
3- Maddox wing (for near).Orthophoria ๏ƒ  both arrows point to zero point one both scales.

Treatment Latent squint (heterophoria).
1-Correction of error of refraction.
2 exercise
- pencil nose exercise for exophoria
3- surgical ูˆุงุฎุฑ ุญู„ ู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ ูุดู„
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
Amblyopia
Decrease of V/A in one or both eyes, in the absence of any organic disease & not correct by glasses.
Types :
1- Strabismus ambylyopia
2-Anisometropia amblyopia .
3-Deprivation amblyopia ( corneal opacity , cataract ,glaucoma ).
TTT:-
-Occlusion normal eye (1wk for 1yr ).
-Penalization ( tropinzation ) atropine E.O for normal eye
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
Apparent (false) squint
Def:-it is acondition in which the person gives an impression of ocular diviation in normally directed visual axis.

Causes:-

Apparent convergent squint:- ( psudo- esotropia)
โ€ขEpicanthus .
โ€ขHigh myopia.
โ€ขSmall IPD

Apparent divergent squint:- ( psudo- exotropia)
โ€ขLateral ankyloblepharon
โ€ขHigh hypermetrope.
โ€ขLarge IPD .

Apparent vertical squint:- (pseudo- hyper or hypotropia):-
โ€ขPtosis ๏ƒ psudo-hypertropia
โ€ขLid retraction ๏ƒ  psudo-hypotropia.

Diagnosis:-
โ€ขPresence of cause.
โ€ขCover test ๏ƒ  no movement as the visual axes are normal.
โ€ขCorneal light reflex :-at centeral normally.

Treatment:- TTT the cause only . (No squint
Forwarded from Jawhara Zaid ๐Ÿ’Ž
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุณูƒูˆูŠู†ุช ุญุงูˆู„ุช ู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุณุงู„ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡
OSCE ๐Ÿ‘€
https://t.me/osce446
ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุฒู…ูŠู„ู†ุง ุฑุชุจ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ูˆ ุจุนุถ ู…ุฎู„ุตุงุช ุงู„ุงูˆุณูƒูŠ ุŒ ุจุงุฑูƒ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠู‡ .
ูˆุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡
ุงู†ุง ููŠ ู„ุฌู†ู‡ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฌูˆู†ูŠ ุฒูˆุฒ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑุงุช
โ—ุงู†ุชูŠุฑูˆุฑ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ hyper mature cataract
ู‚ุชู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ูŠู„ูŠ ุชุดูˆููŠ ูˆ ุงู…ุง stage ูˆ ุดู† ุงูุถู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ุง
Iris coloboma ูˆุณู„ุงูŠุฏ
ู‚ุชู„ูŠ ุดู† ุชุดูˆููŠ ู‚ุชู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุชู„ูŠ ุนุฑููŠู‡ุง
ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ iridectomy ู‚ุชู„ูŠ ุจุงุด ู†ุฏูŠุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ูˆู„ูˆ ู†ุฏุฑู†ู‡ุง ุจ ู„ูŠุฒุฑ ุดู† ู†ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูˆู‚ุชู„ูŠ ุดู† ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ุง
ูˆุดู† ูƒู…ุจู„ูŠูƒูŠุด ุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
ูˆ ุณู„ุงูŠุฏ rubeosis iridis ู‚ุชู„ูŠ ุดู† ุชุดูˆููŠ ูˆุดู† ูƒูˆู…ุจู„ูŠูƒูŠุด  ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ ุดู† ูŠุฏู„ ( retinal ischemia)
โ—ุจูˆุณุชูŠุฑูˆุฑ
CRAO
ู‚ุชู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ูŠ Diagnosis ูˆุดู† ุงุณุจุงุจ ูˆูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชูŠ ูˆุดู† DD ู…ุชุน Cherry red spot
CRVO
ูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชูŠ ูˆ ุดู† ู†ูˆุนู‡ ุงุณูƒู…ูƒ ูˆุดู† ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงุณูƒู…ูƒ ูˆุดู† ุงุณุจุงุจ ุงูƒู„ูˆุฌู† 
Retinitis pigmentosa 
ูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชูŠ ูˆุดู† ู†ุฏูŠุฑ ุจุงุด ู†ุดุฎุต ูˆู…ู† ุดู† ูŠุดูƒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
Hypertensive retinaopathy
ูƒูŠู ุนุฑูุชูŠ ...macular star 
ูˆุดู† DD ู…ุชุนู‡ุง ู…ุนุฑูุชุด ๐Ÿ™„