Census 2027: India’s Data Reset for a New Development Decade
Census 2027 is not just a headcount; it is India’s decisive reset of development, governance, and political representation for the next decade
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/census-2027-india-s-data-reset-for-a-new-development-decade
Census 2027 is not just a headcount; it is India’s decisive reset of development, governance, and political representation for the next decade
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/census-2027-india-s-data-reset-for-a-new-development-decade
orfonline.org
Census 2027: India’s Data Reset for a New Development Decade
Census 2027 is not just a headcount; it is India’s decisive reset of development, governance, and political representation for the next decade
Japan’s Security Posture and the Limits of Public Consent
Japan’s expanding defence role outpaces public consent, which remains selective and geographically bounded, limiting support for military deployments in distant crises
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/japan-s-security-posture-and-the-limits-of-public-consent
Japan’s expanding defence role outpaces public consent, which remains selective and geographically bounded, limiting support for military deployments in distant crises
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/japan-s-security-posture-and-the-limits-of-public-consent
orfonline.org
Japan’s Security Posture and the Limits of Public Consent
Japan’s expanding defence role outpaces public consent, which remains selective and geographically bounded, limiting support for military deployments in distant crises
From Sister Cities to Strategic Partners: The L.A.–Mumbai Economic Opportunity
The L.A.-Mumbai sister city relationship has existed for over 50 years without producing meaningful economic or strategic outcomes. A convergence of new developments suggests the conditions for that to change are now in place.
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/from-sister-cities-to-strategic-partners-the-l-a-mumbai-economic-opportunity
The L.A.-Mumbai sister city relationship has existed for over 50 years without producing meaningful economic or strategic outcomes. A convergence of new developments suggests the conditions for that to change are now in place.
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/from-sister-cities-to-strategic-partners-the-l-a-mumbai-economic-opportunity
orfonline.org
From Sister Cities to Strategic Partners: The L.A.–Mumbai Economic Opportunity
The L.A.-Mumbai sister city relationship has existed for over 50 years without producing meaningful economic or strategic outcomes. A convergence of new developments suggests the conditions for that to change are now in place.
India and Thailand: The Compelling Case for a Deeper Compact
https://www.orfonline.org/research/india-and-thailand-the-compelling-case-for-a-deeper-compact
https://www.orfonline.org/research/india-and-thailand-the-compelling-case-for-a-deeper-compact
orfonline.org
India and Thailand: The Compelling Case for a Deeper Compact
Explore how India Thailand relations are evolving into a strategic partnership across sectors like AI, semiconductors, MSMEs, and tourism.
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Strengthening India’s Trade Resilience: Lessons from the Hormuz Disruption
For India, disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz underscore the urgency of a trade preparedness framework that manages dependence, diversifies risk, and reinforces supply chain resilience
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/strengthening-india-s-trade-resilience-lessons-from-the-hormuz-disruption
For India, disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz underscore the urgency of a trade preparedness framework that manages dependence, diversifies risk, and reinforces supply chain resilience
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/strengthening-india-s-trade-resilience-lessons-from-the-hormuz-disruption
orfonline.org
Strengthening India’s Trade Resilience: Lessons from the Hormuz Disruption
For India, disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz underscore the urgency of a trade preparedness framework that manages dependence, diversifies risk, and reinforces supply chain resilience
India and Canada Need a Practical CEPA, Not a Perfect One
India and Canada need a practical CEPA: an agreement that prioritises timely progress over exhaustive completeness, sequencing ambition in a way that delivers real economic gains while managing political sensitivities
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-and-canada-need-a-practical-cepa-not-a-perfect-one
India and Canada need a practical CEPA: an agreement that prioritises timely progress over exhaustive completeness, sequencing ambition in a way that delivers real economic gains while managing political sensitivities
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-and-canada-need-a-practical-cepa-not-a-perfect-one
orfonline.org
India and Canada Need a Practical CEPA, Not a Perfect One
Explore India Canada relations through CEPA negotiations, focusing on trade, investment, and the need for a practical agreement.
Nepal’s Political Reset and the Limits of Change in Nepal–China Ties
Nepal’s new government may recalibrate engagement with China, but structural constraints suggest cautious continuity rather than a fundamental shift in bilateral ties
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/nepal-s-political-reset-and-the-limits-of-change-in-nepal-china-ties
Nepal’s new government may recalibrate engagement with China, but structural constraints suggest cautious continuity rather than a fundamental shift in bilateral ties
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/nepal-s-political-reset-and-the-limits-of-change-in-nepal-china-ties
orfonline.org
Nepal’s Political Reset and the Limits of Change in Nepal–China Ties
Nepal’s new government may recalibrate engagement with China, but structural constraints suggest cautious continuity rather than a fundamental shift in bilateral ties
The Strait of Hormuz: A Recurrent Flashpoint in Global Power Rivalries
Conflicts over the Strait of Hormuz—from Portuguese expansion to contemporary tensions—demonstrate how strategic trade chokepoints shape shifts in global power
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-strait-of-hormuz-a-recurrent-flashpoint-in-global-power-rivalries
Conflicts over the Strait of Hormuz—from Portuguese expansion to contemporary tensions—demonstrate how strategic trade chokepoints shape shifts in global power
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-strait-of-hormuz-a-recurrent-flashpoint-in-global-power-rivalries
orfonline.org
The Strait of Hormuz: A Recurrent Flashpoint in Global Power Rivalries
Conflicts over the Strait of Hormuz—from Portuguese expansion to contemporary tensions—demonstrate how strategic trade chokepoints shape shifts in global power
The US-Iran Ceasefire: A Calibrated Pause?
A list of suspicions each side has about the other.
https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-us-iran-ceasefire-a-calibrated-pause
A list of suspicions each side has about the other.
https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-us-iran-ceasefire-a-calibrated-pause
orfonline.org
The US-Iran Ceasefire: A Calibrated Pause?
A fragile US-Iran ceasefire reopens the Strait of Hormuz, highlighting Trump’s brinkmanship strategy, unresolved nuclear tensions, and risks to global energy stability.
Policy Pathways for Food and Water Security in the MENA Region
https://www.orfonline.org/research/policy-pathways-for-food-and-water-security-in-the-mena-region
https://www.orfonline.org/research/policy-pathways-for-food-and-water-security-in-the-mena-region
orfonline.org
Policy Pathways for Food and Water Security in the MENA Region
Explore policy pathways for food and water security in the MENA region amid climate risks, desalination dependence, and geopolitical tensions.
Decline or Resurgence? China Debates the Future of US Power
A series of global flashpoints has triggered a reassessment in Beijing of whether American power is eroding or entering a new phase of assertive resurgence
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/decline-or-resurgence-china-debates-the-future-of-us-power
A series of global flashpoints has triggered a reassessment in Beijing of whether American power is eroding or entering a new phase of assertive resurgence
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/decline-or-resurgence-china-debates-the-future-of-us-power
orfonline.org
Decline or Resurgence? China Debates the Future of US Power
A series of global flashpoints has triggered a reassessment in Beijing of whether American power is eroding or entering a new phase of assertive resurgence
Redesigning the India-EU Semiconductor Partnership for Industrial Impact
The India–EU Summit’s 2030 Agenda reflects strong strategic intent in semiconductor cooperation, but its structural gaps remain unaddressed
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/redesigning-the-india-eu-semiconductor-partnership-for-industrial-impact
The India–EU Summit’s 2030 Agenda reflects strong strategic intent in semiconductor cooperation, but its structural gaps remain unaddressed
https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/redesigning-the-india-eu-semiconductor-partnership-for-industrial-impact
orfonline.org
Redesigning the India-EU Semiconductor Partnership for Industrial Impact
The India–EU Summit’s 2030 Agenda reflects strong strategic intent in semiconductor cooperation, but its structural gaps remain unaddressed
The India-EU semiconductor alliance is not short on ambition. Where it has scope to improve is in building the institutional machinery to convert that ambition into investment. The Towards 2030 Agenda, similar to its predecessors, has bold objectives but has yet to establish the mechanisms required to implement them.
Read: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/redesigning-the-india-eu-semiconductor-partnership-for-industrial-impact
Read: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/redesigning-the-india-eu-semiconductor-partnership-for-industrial-impact
orfonline.org
Redesigning the India-EU Semiconductor Partnership for Industrial Impact
The India–EU Summit’s 2030 Agenda reflects strong strategic intent in semiconductor cooperation, but its structural gaps remain unaddressed
This brief highlights Chinese strategic debates reflecting uncertainty over whether the US is declining or adapting its dominance amid intensifying rivalry with China. Given this dilemma, India would be well advised to monitor this high-stakes rivalry closely. Want to know more?
Read here: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/decline-or-resurgence-china-debates-the-future-of-us-power
Read here: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/decline-or-resurgence-china-debates-the-future-of-us-power
orfonline.org
Decline or Resurgence? China Debates the Future of US Power
A series of global flashpoints has triggered a reassessment in Beijing of whether American power is eroding or entering a new phase of assertive resurgence
The Strait of Hormuz crisis and divergent Iran policies have intensified the US–Europe tensions. Europe must use its power to present a united front, which is the only option that will ensure its credibility on the world stage. The pause in conflict offers a window to diversify energy supplies, shape peace efforts, and act collectively to strengthen geopolitical credibility and resilience.
Read more: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/iran-ceasefire-offers-europe-a-chance-to-regroup
Read more: https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/iran-ceasefire-offers-europe-a-chance-to-regroup
orfonline.org
Iran Ceasefire Offers Europe a Chance to Regroup
As a tenuous ceasefire holds, Europe faces a critical test: strengthen energy security, shape the peace, and act collectively to maintain global credibility
Renewed criticism of NATO by Donald Trump signals potential erosion of US commitment. The central question is not simply whether the US will remain within the alliance, but what kind of ally it intends to be?
Read the brief to understant the global repercussions from the uncertain NATO: https://www.orfonline.org/research/trump-vs-nato-a-rift-with-global-repercussions
Read the brief to understant the global repercussions from the uncertain NATO: https://www.orfonline.org/research/trump-vs-nato-a-rift-with-global-repercussions
orfonline.org
Trump vs. NATO: A Rift with Global Repercussions
Trump’s renewed threat to withdraw from NATO amid the Iran crisis raises doubts over US commitment, weakening alliance credibility, European security, and global order.
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Isolation from the West has forced Russia to reach out to the Global South, its trade with India on a remarkable rise driven by increased imports primarily of crude oil. This brief examines the current status of and potential for Russian investment in India, identifying areas and mechanisms of economic cooperation alongside existing challenges to promoting bilateral ties.
Read: https://www.orfonline.org/research/mapping-russian-investment-in-india
Read: https://www.orfonline.org/research/mapping-russian-investment-in-india
orfonline.org
Mapping Russian Investment in India
Russia India relations deepen through rising trade, rupee–ruble settlements, and growing investments across energy, infrastructure, and finance.
Following the escalation of Operation Epic Fury and the seismic shifts in Tehran’s leadership, Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Khatibzadeh argues that Iran has been pushed into a corner where diplomatic maneuvering has been replaced by the necessity of survival.
Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgvC6IZyz6w
Watch: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgvC6IZyz6w
YouTube
Iran Has No Option, It Has to Fight the War
In this exclusive session at the Observer Research Foundation (ORF), Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister and Head of the Institute for Political and International Studies (IPIS), Saeed Khatibzadeh, delivers a stark assessment of the ongoing conflict.
Following…
Following…
A breakdown of talks would likely trigger a resumption of hostilities, pushing up prices and amplifying global inflationary pressures. This brief explores whether incremental diplomacy can arrest a cycle of escalation that has proven remarkably resilient thus far.
Read: https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-structural-challenge-to-us-iran-ceasefire
Read: https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-structural-challenge-to-us-iran-ceasefire
orfonline.org
The Structural Challenge to US-Iran ceasefire
A fragile US-Iran ceasefire pauses escalation as tensions over Hormuz, sanctions, and nuclear diplomacy keep risks of renewed conflict and oil volatility high.