Observer Research Foundation
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Non-partisan, independent analysis on security, strategy, economy, development, energy & global governance.
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Iran's Challenge to the American Airpower Dominance

In the past, US campaigns in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya were conducted against relatively weak air defences. That has not turned out to be the case with Iran, puncturing the long-held myth of America's 'indomitable' air power.


https://www.orfonline.org/research/iran-s-challenge-to-the-american-airpower-dominance
Cyberbiosecurity: A Pillar of Trust in Global Health

As health systems rely more heavily on digital platforms, genomic data, and cross-border scientific exchange, trust in global health will increasingly depend on whether the infrastructures that carry it can be kept secure


https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/cyberbiosecurity-a-pillar-of-trust-in-global-health
Health in the Line of Fire

As wars hollow out hospitals, vaccination systems, water access, and humanitarian space, attacks on health workers expose how conflict is turning care itself into a battlefield


https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/health-in-the-line-of-fire
AI’s E-Waste Problem: The Growing Burden of Data Centres

AI-driven data centre expansion poses a triple environmental threat—rising emissions, water consumption, and electronic waste—while the ecological toll of e-waste and the loss of critical minerals and rare earths remain underexamined


https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/ai-s-e-waste-problem-the-growing-burden-of-data-centres
Standing With Science in a Staff-Scarce Health System: The Promise of AI

The Strategy for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare for India (SAHI) tries to bring discipline to health AI adoption, shifting the focus from pilots to how tools are evaluated, monitored, and held accountable in real-world care


https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/standing-with-science-in-a-staff-scarce-health-system-the-promise-of-ai
India’s State-led Initiatives in Quantum Technology

State-led initiatives in quantum technology can serve as a valuable strategic edge for India’s ambitious National Quantum Mission, providing the spark necessary for transcending the Quantum Valley of Death


https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/india-s-state-led-initiatives-in-quantum-technology