Molecular machines are devices that create movement through involvement of motor proteins, ATP and other
molecules at the molecular scale of length.
• These molecular machines are protein based in nature.
• Molecular machines/bio-motors are either rotatory or linear.
• These bio-motors are found in: ATP generation machinery, flagella/cilia and in cytoskeletons.
molecules at the molecular scale of length.
• These molecular machines are protein based in nature.
• Molecular machines/bio-motors are either rotatory or linear.
• These bio-motors are found in: ATP generation machinery, flagella/cilia and in cytoskeletons.
ATP synthase—also called F0F1 ATPase, or simply F-ATPase
• Rotary form of Motor.
• Nearly identical proteins are found in eukaryotic mitochondria and bacteria
• ATP synthase utilizes the energy stored in this electrochemical gradient
• Converts electromotive force into a rotary torque which promotes substrate binding and liberates ATP
Structure of the motor
Two regions
• F0: membranous rotor.
• F1: Cytosolic rotor with a stalk
• F0-complex rotates when a H+
enters. This rotation drives
the coupling of ADP to Pi and forms ATP
• Produces 1 ATPs per 4 protons passing through it.
• Rotary form of Motor.
• Nearly identical proteins are found in eukaryotic mitochondria and bacteria
• ATP synthase utilizes the energy stored in this electrochemical gradient
• Converts electromotive force into a rotary torque which promotes substrate binding and liberates ATP
Structure of the motor
Two regions
• F0: membranous rotor.
• F1: Cytosolic rotor with a stalk
• F0-complex rotates when a H+
enters. This rotation drives
the coupling of ADP to Pi and forms ATP
• Produces 1 ATPs per 4 protons passing through it.
WHERE ARE LINEAR MOTORS PRESENT??
• Linear motor are associated with the cytoskeleton.
• Cell’s cytoskeleton provides an internal framework that supports cell shape and function. Unlike a human
skeleton, the cytoskeleton is dynamic and changes in response to cellular signals.
• The proteins comprising the cytoskeleton can be divided into three classes: microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, and microtubules.
MYOSIN IS ATTACHED
WITH MICROFILAMENTS
AND SHOWS A SLIDING
MOTION
KINESIN AND DYENIN ARE
ATTACHED WITH MICROTUBULES
AND USUALLY WALK ALONG THE
TUBULES CARRYING ORGANELLES
• Linear motor are associated with the cytoskeleton.
• Cell’s cytoskeleton provides an internal framework that supports cell shape and function. Unlike a human
skeleton, the cytoskeleton is dynamic and changes in response to cellular signals.
• The proteins comprising the cytoskeleton can be divided into three classes: microfilaments, intermediate
filaments, and microtubules.
MYOSIN IS ATTACHED
WITH MICROFILAMENTS
AND SHOWS A SLIDING
MOTION
KINESIN AND DYENIN ARE
ATTACHED WITH MICROTUBULES
AND USUALLY WALK ALONG THE
TUBULES CARRYING ORGANELLES
• Flagella helps to propel the cell by beating
in a whip like motion.
• It spins clock wise or anti-clock wise at a
speed of 100 Hz.
• E.coli, Vibrio, Streptococcus each have
flagella for motility.
• There are different types of flagellar
arrangement.
• Molecular engine powered by the flow of
ions across the inner, or cytoplasmic,
membrane of a bacterial cell envelope
in a whip like motion.
• It spins clock wise or anti-clock wise at a
speed of 100 Hz.
• E.coli, Vibrio, Streptococcus each have
flagella for motility.
• There are different types of flagellar
arrangement.
• Molecular engine powered by the flow of
ions across the inner, or cytoplasmic,
membrane of a bacterial cell envelope
To join the video meeting, click this link: https://meet.google.com/rgx-rbwd-cug
Otherwise, to join by phone, dial +1 478-419-3051 and enter this PIN: 936 706 969#
Otherwise, to join by phone, dial +1 478-419-3051 and enter this PIN: 936 706 969#
Google
Real-time meetings by Google. Using your browser, share your video, desktop, and presentations with teammates and customers.