using namespace std;
int  main()
{
    int a, st1[6], st2[6], top1, top2, item, i;
    top1 = top2 = -1;

    for(i = 1; i <= 6; i++)
    {
        cin >> item;
        top1++;
        st1[top1] = item;
    }

    cout << "the st1=\n";
    for(i = top1; i >= 0; i--)
        cout << st1[i] << '\n';

    for(i = 0; i < 6; i++)   
    {
        item = st1[top1];
        top1--;
        top2++;
        st2[top2] = item;
    }

    cout << "\nthe st2=\n";
    for(i = top2; i >= 0; i--)
        cout << st2[i] << '\n';

    cin >> a;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <stdlib.h>

void insert(int cq[6], int &f, int &r)
{
    int item;
    if (f == 0 && r == 5)
        cout << "over flow\n";
    else if (f - r == 1)
        cout << "over flow\n";
    else if (r == 5 && f > 0)
    {
        cin >> item;
        r = 0;
        cq[r] = item;
    }
    else
    {
        cin >> item;
        r++;
        cq[r] = item;
    }
    if (f == -1)
        f = 0;
}

void del(int cq[6], int &f, int &r)
{
    int item;
    if (f == -1)
        cout << "under flow\n";
    else if (f == r)
    {
        item = cq[f];
        f = -1;
        r = -1;
    }
    else
    {
        if (f == 5 && f > r)
        {
            item = cq[f];
            f = 0;
        }
        else
        {
            item = cq[f];
            f++;
        }
    }
}

void print(int cq[6], int f, int r)
{
    int i;
    if (r >= f)
    {
        for (i = f; i <= r; i++)
            cout << cq[i] << "  ";
        cout << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        for (i = 0; i <= 5; i++)
            cout << cq[i] << " ";
        for (i = 0; i <= r; i++)
            cout << cq[i] << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main()
{
    int cq[6], x, r = -1, f = -1;
    do
    {
        cout << endl;
        cout << "1_insert\n"
             << "2_delete\n"
             << "3_print\n";
        cout << "enter your choice:";
        cin >> x;
        switch (x)
        {
        case 1:
            insert(cq, f, r);
            break;
        case 2:
            del(cq, f, r);
            break;
        case 3:
            print(cq, f, r);
            break;
        case 4:
            exit(0);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    } while (x != 4);
}

{"name": "Ali",  "days": ["sun","mon","tues"], "start": 8.0, "end": 14.0},
    {"name": "Sara", "days": ["mon","wed","thu"],  "start": 9.0, "end": 15.0}
]

appointments = []

while True:
    print("\n1) Add  2) Show  3) Exit  4) Delete")
    c = input("Choice: ")

    # -------- ADD --------
    if c == "1":
        print("\n--- Doctors ---")
        for d in doctors:
            print(f"- {d['name']} Days:{','.join(d['days'])} Time:{d['start']}-{d['end']}")

        doc = input("\nDoctor name: ")
        d = next((x for x in doctors if x["name"] == doc), None)
        if not d: print("Doctor not found"); continue

        day = input("Day: ")
        if day not in d["days"]: print("Doctor does not work this day"); continue

        try: t = float(input("Time: "))
        except: print("Invalid time"); continue

        if not d["start"] <= t <= d["end"]: print("Outside working hours"); continue

        if any(a["doctor"]==doc and a["day"]==day and a["time"]==t for a in appointments):
            print("Already exists"); continue

        appointments.append({"doctor": doc, "day": day, "time": t, "patient": input("Patient: ")})
        print("Added")

    # -------- SHOW --------
    elif c == "2":
        print("\n--- Booked Appointments ---")
        if not appointments: print("No appointments")
        else:
            for i,a in enumerate(appointments,1):
                print(f"{i}) Doctor:{a['doctor']} Day:{a['day']} Time:{a['time']}")

    # -------- DELETE --------
    elif c == "4":
        if not appointments:
            print("No appointments to delete")
            continue

        for i,a in enumerate(appointments,1):
            print(f"{i}) Doctor:{a['doctor']} Day:{a['day']} Time:{a['time']}")

        try:
            n = int(input("Delete number: "))
            appointments.pop(n-1)
            print("Deleted")
        except:
            print("Invalid")

    # -------- EXIT --------
    elif c == "3":
        break

    else:
        print("Invalid")

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class restaurant
{ string rest_name;
string food_name;
int food_price;
public:
restaurant(string n,string f,int p)
{rest_name=n;
    food_name=f;
    food_price=p;
    
}
void discount()
{ float discount=0.05*food_price;
cout<<"price before discount :"<<food_price<<endl;
food_price-=discount;
 cout<<"price  after discount : "<< food_price<<endl;
}  

void print()
{cout<<"rest_name :"<<rest_name<<" , ";
cout<<"food_name :"<<food_name<<" , ";
cout<<"food_price : "<<food_price<<" ;"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{  restaurant *r1,*r2,*r3;
r1=new restaurant("Feiend  Chicken","Chicken",8000);
r2=new restaurant("Barely","Burger++",12000);
r3=new restaurant("City Center","Shawarma",9000);
cout<<"restaurant 1"<<endl;
r1->print();
r1->discount();
cout<<"restaurant 2" <<endl;
r2->print();
r2->discount();
cout<<"restaurant 3"<<endl;
r3->print();
r3->discount();
delete r1;
delete r2;
delete r3;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Temperature {
    double celsius;
public:
    // Constructor
    Temperature(double c = 0.0) : celsius(c) {}

    // Unary minus operator
    Temperature operator-() const {
        return Temperature(-celsius);
    }
    // Prefix increment operator
    Temperature& operator++() {
        ++celsius;
        return *this;
    }
    // Display function (for testing)
    void display() const {
        cout << celsius << " °C" << endl;
    }
};
int main() {
    Temperature t1(25);
    Temperature t2 = -t1;   // Unary minus
    ++t1;                   // Prefix increment

    t1.display();  // 26 °C
    t2.display();  // -25 °C

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Counter {
    int value;
public:
    Counter(int v = 0) {
        value = v;
    }
    // Prefix ++
    Counter& operator++() {
        ++value;
        return *this;
    }
    // Postfix ++
    Counter operator++(int) {
        Counter temp = *this;
        value++;
        return temp;
    }
    // Prefix --
    Counter& operator--() {
        --value;
        return *this;
    }
    // Postfix --
    Counter operator--(int) {
        Counter temp = *this;
        value--;
        return temp;
    }
    void display() const {
        cout << value << endl;
    }
};
int main() {
    Counter c(10);
    Counter a = ++c;
    Counter b = c++;
    Counter d = --c;
    Counter e = c--;
    cout << "c = "; c.display();
    cout << "a = "; a.display();
    cout << "b = "; b.display();
    cout << "d = "; d.display();
    cout << "e = "; e.display();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Point {
    int x, y;
public:
    Point(int xVal = 0, int yVal = 0) {
        x = xVal;
        y = yVal;
    }
    // Binary +
    Point operator+(Point& p){
        return Point(x + p.x, y + p.y);
    }
    // Binary -
    Point operator-(Point& p){
        return Point(x - p.x, y - p.y);
    }
    void print(){
        cout << "(" << x << ", " << y << ")" << endl;
    }
};
int main() {
    Point p1(4, 6);
    Point p2(1, 2);
    Point sum = p1 + p2;
    Point diff = p1 - p2;
    sum.print();
    diff.print();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Box {
private:
    double width, height, depth;

public:
    Box(double w = 0, double h = 0, double d = 0) {
        width = w;
        height = h;
        depth = d;
    }

    double volume()  {
        return width * height * depth;
    }

    // Operator ==
    bool operator==( Box& b){
        return volume() == b.volume();
    }

    // Operator != (based on ==)
    bool operator!=(Box& b){
        return !(*this == b);
    }
};

int main() {
    Box b1(2, 3, 4);
    Box b2(1, 6, 4);

    if (b1 == b2)
        cout << "Boxes have equal volume" << endl;
    else
        cout << "Boxes have different volume" << endl;

    if (b1 != b2)
        cout << "Boxes are not equal in volume" << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Distance {

    double meters;

public:
    Distance(double m = 0) {
        meters = m;
    }

    // Unary -
    Distance operator-() {
        return Distance(-meters);
    }

    // Binary +
    Distance operator+(Distance& d){
        return Distance(meters + d.meters);
    }

    // Binary <
    bool operator<(Distance& d){
        return meters < d.meters;
    }

    void display(){
        cout << meters << " meters" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Distance d1(15.5);
    Distance d2(10.2);

    Distance d3 = -d1;
    Distance d4 = d1 + d2;

    d3.display();
    d4.display();

    if (d1 < d2)
        cout << "d1 is less than d2" << endl;
    else
        cout << "d1 is not less than d2" << endl;

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Complex {
    double real, imag;

public:
    Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) {
        real = r;
        imag = i;
    }

    // Binary +
    Complex operator+( Complex& c)  {
        return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);
    }

    // Binary *
    Complex operator*( Complex& c) {
        return Complex(
            real * c.real - imag * c.imag,
            real * c.imag + imag * c.real
        );
    }

    // Unary ~ (complex conjugate)
    Complex operator~(){
        return Complex(real, -imag);
    }

    void print() {
        cout << real;
        if (imag >= 0)
            cout << " + " << imag << "i" << endl;
        else
            cout << " - " << -imag << "i" << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    Complex c1(2, 3);
    Complex c2(1, -4);

    Complex sum = c1 + c2;
    Complex product = c1 * c2;
    Complex  conjugate = ~c1;

    sum.print();
    product.print();
    conjugate.print();

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class MyString {

    string text;

public:
    MyString(string s = "") {
        text = s;
    }

    // Overload +
    MyString operator+(MyString& s) {
        return MyString(text + s.text);
    }

    void display(){
        cout << text << endl;
    }
};

int main() {
    MyString s1(" Mousa ");
    MyString s2("Saleh");

    MyString s3 = s1 + s2;

    s3.display();

    return 0;
}

appointments=[]
def add_appointments():
    day=input("enter the day  :")
    time=input("enter the time:")
    patient=input("enter the patient :")
    for appt in appointments:
        if appt["day"]==day and appt["time"]==time:
            print("already have appointment")
            return
    new_appt={"day":day,"time":time,"patient":patient}
    appointments.append(new_appt)
    print("added appointment")
def show_appointments():
    print("all appointment \n")
    if not appointments:
        print("no appointment")
        return
    for i, appt in enumerate(appointments,start=1):
        print(f"{i})day:{appt['day']}|time:{appt['time']}|patient:{appt['patient']}")
def main():
    while True:
        print("welcome to the  appointments system.")
        print("1.add appointment")
        print("2.show appointments")
        print("3.exit")
        choice=input("enter your choice(1 or 2 or3 ):")
        if choice=="1":
            add_appointments()
        elif choice=="2":
            show_appointments()
        elif choice=="3":
            print("exit")
            break
        else:
            print("invalid choice")
if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

customer = {
    "name": "John Smith",
    "age": 30,
    "is_verified": True
}
print(customer["name"])  # "John Smith" سيطبع القيمة المرتبطة بمفتاح الاسم وهي

# "silver" سيعيد القيمة الافتراضية "type" بما أنه لا يوجد مفتاح باسم
print(customer.get("type", "silver"))
customer["name"] = "new name" # "new name" إلى "John Smith" تغيير قيمة الاسم من
print(customer)

# تطبيق عملي على الاستثناءات (Exceptions)

try:
    # الكود الذي قد يتسبب في خطأ
    age = int(input('Age: ')) # إذا أدخل المستخدم حرفاً، سيحدث خطأ من نوع ValueError
    income = 20000
    risk = income / age       # إذا أدخل المستخدم 0، سيحدث خطأ من نوع ZeroDivisionError
    print(f"Your age is: {age}")

except ValueError:
    # هذا الكود يعمل فقط إذا كان الإدخال ليس رقماً
    print('Invalid value. Please enter a number.')

except ZeroDivisionError:
    # هذا الكود يعمل فقط إذا كان العمر 0
    print('Age cannot be zero.')