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Aldo Lorenzetti M.D, Internal Medicine & Hepatology, Milano - SIMEDET Delegate
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The Emerging Role of #Neurodiagnostic Informatics in Integrated Neurological and #Mental Health Care

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21646821.2018.1508983

Mental, neurological, and neurodevelopmental (MNN) disorders impose an enormous burden of disease globally...

... New developments in several fields, including consumer EEG hardware, ubiquitous access to the Internet and electronic health records, and nonlinear mathematics to extract information from physiological signals have converged to enable new approaches to integrating EEG into routine health care. Research continues to demonstrate that EEG analysis can be used to discover digital biomarkers for a wide range of MNN disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and dementias, and likely many others.

When EEG-derived information about brain function is stored with an electronic health record, clinical decision support software may use these data to detect atypical brain development in the earliest stages, thus opening a potential window for early intervention. These developments create an opportunity for neurodiagnostics to merge with biomedical informatics to create clinical tools for monitoring brain function through the life span. Advanced professionals with neurodiagnostics and biomedical informatics skills and training are needed to lead the way in this emerging field.
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A Nationwide Study in Denmark of the Association Between Treated #Infections and the Subsequent Risk of Treated #mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2716981

.. Infections requiring hospitalizations were associated with subsequent increased risk of having a diagnosis of any mental disorder (n = 42 462) by an HRR of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.69-1.99) and with increased risk of redeeming a prescription for psychotropic medication (n = 56 847) by an HRR of 1.42 (95% CI, 1.37-1.46). Infection treated with anti-infective agents was associated with increased risk of having a diagnosis of any mental disorder (HRR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.29-1.51) and with increased risk of redeeming a prescription for psychotropic medication (HRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18-1.26). Antibiotic use was associated with particularly increased risk estimates. The risk of mental disorders after infections increased in a dose-response association and with the temporal proximity of the last infection. In particular, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality and behavior disorders, mental retardation, autistic spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, and tic disorders were associated with the highest risks after infections.

Conclusions and Relevance Although the results cannot prove causality, these findings provide evidence for the involvement of infections and the immune system in the etiology of a wide range of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
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Excess Burden of #Mental Illness and Hospitalization in Young-Onset Type 2 #Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2720956/excess-burden-mental-illness-hospitalization-young-onset-type-2-diabetes

Patients with YOD had the highest hospitalization rates by attained age. In the registry cohort, 36.8% of YOD bed-days before age 40 years were due to mental illness. The adjusted rate ratios showed increased hospitalization in YOD versus usual-onset T2D (onset at age ≥40 years) (all-cause, 1.8 95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0; renal, 6.7 CI, 4.2 to 10.6; diabetes, 3.7 CI, 3.0 to 4.6; cardiovascular, 2.1 CI, 1.8 to 2.5; infection, 1.7 CI, 1.4 to 2.1; P < 0.001 for all). Models estimated that intensified risk factor control in YOD (hemoglobin A1c level <6.2%, systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <2.0 mmol/L <77.3 mg/dL, triglyceride level <1.3 mmol/L <115.1 mg/dL, waist circumference of 85 cm men or 80 cm women, and smoking cessation) was associated with a one-third reduction in cumulative bed-days from onset to age 75 years (97 to 65 bed-days).

Adults with YOD have excess hospitalizations across their lifespan compared with persons with usual-onset T2D, including an unexpectedly large burden of mental illness in young adulthood. Efforts to prevent YOD and intensify cardiometabolic risk factor control while focusing on mental health are urgently needed
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Common #mental disorders within chronic #inflammatory disorders: a primary care database prospective investigation

https://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2019/03/07/annrheumdis-2018-214676

Among 538 707 participants, the incidence of depression ranged from 14 per 1000 person-years (severe psoriasis) to 9 per 1000 person-years (systemic vasculitis), substantively higher compared with their comparison group (5–7 per 1000 person-years). HRs of multiple depression and anxiety events were 16% higher within inflammatory disorders (HR, 1.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.21, p<0.001) compared with the matched comparison group. The incidence of depression and anxiety was strongly associated with the age at inflammatory disorder onset. The overall HR estimate for depression was 1.90 (95% CI 1.66 to 2.17, p<0.001) within early-onset disorder (<40 years of age) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90 to 1.09, p=0.80) within late-onset disorder (≥60 years of age).

Conclusions
Primary care patients with inflammatory disorders have elevated rates of depression and anxiety incidence, particularly those patients with early-onset inflammatory disorders. This finding may reflect the impact of the underlying disease on patients’ quality of life, although the precise mechanisms require further investigation.
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#Mental Illness Among Youth With Chronic #Physical Conditions

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2019/06/13/peds.2018-1819

Youth with chronic physical conditions (CPCs) may be at greater risk for developing chronic mental health conditions (MHCs), and limitations in the ability to engage in developmentally appropriate activities may contribute to the risk of MHCs among youth with CPCs.

The 2-year cumulative incidence of MHCs was 7.8% overall, 11.5% in youth with CPCs (14.7% of sample), and 7.1% in those without. The adjusted risk of incident MHCs was 51% greater (adjusted hazard ratio 1.51; 95% confidence interval 1.30–1.74) in youth with CPCs compared with those without. Activity limitations mediated 13.5% of this relationship (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: This nationally representative cohort study supports the hypotheses that youth with CPCs have increased risk for MHCs and that activity limitations may play a role in MHC development. Youth with CPCs may benefit from services to bolster their ability to participate in developmentally important activities and to detect and treat new onset MHC
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#Temperature and #mental health: Evidence from the spectrum of mental health outcomes

This paper characterizes the link between ambient temperatures and a broad set of mental health outcomes. We find that higher temperatures increase emergency department visits for mental illness, suicides, and self-reported days of poor mental health. Specifically, cold temperatures reduce negative mental health outcomes while hot temperatures increase them. Our estimates reveal no evidence of adaptation, instead the temperature relationship is stable across time, baseline climate, air conditioning penetration rates, accessibility of mental health services, and other factors.

The character of the results suggests that temperature affects mental health very differently than physical health, and more similarly to other psychological and behavioral outcomes. We provide suggestive evidence for sleep disruption as an active mechanism behind our results and discuss the implications of our findings for the allocation of mental health services and in light of climate change.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016762961830105X
Factors Associated With #Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to #Coronavirus Disease 2019
https://2medical.news/2020/03/31/factors-associated-with-mental-health-outcomes-among-health-care-workers-exposed-to-coronavirus-disease-2019/

.. A total of 1257 of 1830 contacted individuals completed the survey, with a participation rate of 68.7%. A total of 813 (64.7%) were aged 26 to 40 years, and 964 (76.7%) were women. Of all participants, 764 (60.8%) were nurses, and 493 (39.2%) were physicians; 760 (60.5%) worked in hospitals in Wuhan, and 522 (41.5%) were frontline health care workers. A considerable proportion of …
Maternal #Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders and #Mental Disorders in Children
https://2medical.news/2020/04/23/maternal-hypertensive-pregnancy-disorders-and-mental-disorders-in-children/

The associations of maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders with offspring mental disorders remain unclear. We examined whether maternal hypertensive disorders and maximum blood pressure during pregnancy predict offspring childhood mental disorders, whether the associations are independent of maternal and paternal mental disorders and paternal hypertensive disorders, independent of or additive with maternal early pregnancy overweight/obesity and diabetes mellitus disorders, and mediated or moderated by preterm birth, …
Association between #Mental Disorders and Subsequent Medical Conditions
https://2medical.news/2020/05/09/association-between-mental-disorders-and-subsequent-medical-conditions/

..A total of 698,874 of 5,940,299 persons (11.8%) were identified as having a mental disorder. The median age of the total population was 32.1 years at entry into the cohort and 48.7 years at the time of the last follow-up. Persons with a mental disorder had a higher risk than those without such disorders with respect to 76 of 90 pairs of mental disorders and …
Generative Feedback Explains Distinct #Brain Activity Codes for Seen and #Mental Images
https://2medical.news/2020/07/15/generative-feedback-explains-distinct-brain-activity-codes-for-seen-and-mental-images/

The relationship between mental imagery and vision is a long-standing problem in neuroscience. Currently, it is not known whether differences between the activity evoked during vision and reinstated during imagery reflect different codes for seen and mental images. To address this problem, we modeled mental imagery in the human brain as feedback in a hierarchical generative network. Such networks synthesize images by feeding abstract representations …
Increasing Emergency Department Visits for #Mental Health Conditions in the United States
https://2medical.news/2020/08/21/increasing-emergency-department-visits-for-mental-health-conditions-in-the-united-states/

..Nationally representative samples of ED visits in the United States were assessed using a repeated cross-sectional analysis of National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data. This study used diagnoses associated with each ED visit to identify changes in proportions in mental health diagnostic categories (psychiatric diagnoses only, substance use–related diagnoses only, or both, based on ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM criteria). These trends were further examined by …
The unfolding #COVID-19 pandemic: A probability-based, nationally representative study of #mental health in the U.S.
https://2medical.news/2020/09/24/the-unfolding-covid-19-pandemic-a-probability-based-nationally-representative-study-of-mental-health-in-the-u-s/

The COVID-19 pandemic is a collective stressor unfolding over time, yet rigorous published empirical studies addressing mental health consequences of COVID-19 among large probability-based national samples are rare. Between 3/18-4/18/20, during an escalating period of illness and death in the United States, we assessed acute stress, depressive symptoms and direct, community, and media-based exposures to COVID-19 in three consecutive representative samples across three 10-day periods …
Impact of the #COVID-19 Pandemic on #Mental Health: Real-Time Surveillance Using Google Trends
https://2medical.news/2020/10/02/impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-mental-health-real-time-surveillance-using-google-trends/

In the wake of COVID-19, the capacity to track emerging trends in mental health symptoms and needs will guide public health responses at multiple ecological levels. Using Google Trends to track population-level mental health-related Google searches in the United States, this investigation identified pandemic-associated spikes in searches related to anxiety symptoms and remote treatments for anxiety, such as deep breathing and body scan meditation. As …
Individual and combined associations between cardiorespiratory #fitness and grip strength with common #mental disorders: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
https://2medical.news/2020/11/22/individual-and-combined-associations-between-cardiorespiratory-fitness-and-grip-strength-with-common-mental-disorders-a-prospective-cohort-study-in-the-uk-biobank/

Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders that increase physical health risks and are leading causes of global disability. Several forms of physical fitness could be modifiable risk factors for common mental disorders in the population. We examined associations between individual and combined markers of cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with the incidence of common mental disorders.. Fully adjusted, longitudinal models indicated a dose-response relationship. …
Lower risk of #SARS-CoV2 infection in individuals with severe #mental disorders on #antipsychotic treatment: A retrospective epidemiological study in a representative Spanish population
https://2medical.news/2021/04/20/lower-risk-of-sars-cov2-infection-in-individuals-with-severe-mental-disorders-on-antipsychotic-treatment-a-retrospective-epidemiological-study-in-a-representative-spanish-population/

To the editors, The population with severe mental disorders (SMD) is a medically and socially vulnerable group for a worse outcome in COVID-19. This population has been identified as high-risk group for COVID-19 due to lower awareness of risk, higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and who have limitations to maintain adequate barriers against virus propagation such as living in long-term care facilities, and people with …