#Epigenome-wide association study of body #mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature20784.html
The methylation loci identify genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, substrate transport and inflammatory pathways. Finally, we show that the disturbances in DNA methylation predict future development of type 2 diabetes..Our results provide new insights into the biologic pathways influenced by adiposity, and may enable development of new strategies for prediction and prevention of type 2 diabetes and other adverse clinical consequences of obesity.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature20784.html
The methylation loci identify genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, substrate transport and inflammatory pathways. Finally, we show that the disturbances in DNA methylation predict future development of type 2 diabetes..Our results provide new insights into the biologic pathways influenced by adiposity, and may enable development of new strategies for prediction and prevention of type 2 diabetes and other adverse clinical consequences of obesity.
The #intergenerational transmission of body #mass index across countries
..around 40 percent of a child's weight is inherited from their parents.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X16302064
We find that the intergenerational elasticity of BMI is very similar across countries and relatively constant – at 0.2 per parent. Our substantive finding is that this elasticity is very comparable across time and countries – even if these countries are at very different stages of economic development. Quantile analysis suggests that this intergenerational transmission mechanism is substantively different across the distribution of children’s BMI; more than double for the most obese children what it is for the thinnest children...
..around 40 percent of a child's weight is inherited from their parents.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570677X16302064
We find that the intergenerational elasticity of BMI is very similar across countries and relatively constant – at 0.2 per parent. Our substantive finding is that this elasticity is very comparable across time and countries – even if these countries are at very different stages of economic development. Quantile analysis suggests that this intergenerational transmission mechanism is substantively different across the distribution of children’s BMI; more than double for the most obese children what it is for the thinnest children...
Body #Mass Index and Incident Type 1 and Type 2 #Diabetes in Children and Young Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study
https://academic.oup.com/jes/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/js.2017-00044
The incidence of T2D increased in both overweight (85th-95th percentile for age- and sex-specific BMI; P=0.01) and obese (≥95th percentile; P<0.01) individuals from 1994 to 2013. Obese individuals, who constituted 47.1% of T2D cases, had a markedly higher risk of incident T2D (odds ratio, 3.7595%CI, 3.07-4.57) with an incidence rate ratio of 4.33 (95%CI, 3.68-5.08), compared with normal BMI category. There was no positive linear association between obesity (higher BMI) and incident T1D.
https://academic.oup.com/jes/article-lookup/doi/10.1210/js.2017-00044
The incidence of T2D increased in both overweight (85th-95th percentile for age- and sex-specific BMI; P=0.01) and obese (≥95th percentile; P<0.01) individuals from 1994 to 2013. Obese individuals, who constituted 47.1% of T2D cases, had a markedly higher risk of incident T2D (odds ratio, 3.7595%CI, 3.07-4.57) with an incidence rate ratio of 4.33 (95%CI, 3.68-5.08), compared with normal BMI category. There was no positive linear association between obesity (higher BMI) and incident T1D.
#Meal Frequency and Timing Are Associated with Changes in Body #Mass Index in Adventist Health Study 2
http://m.jn.nutrition.org/content/early/2017/07/12/jn.116.244749.abstract?sid=39dc4717-c136-41ed-be77-4d617b43852d
Breakfast eaters (−0.029; 95% CI: −0.047, −0.012; P < 0.001) experienced a decreased BMI compared with breakfast skippers. Relative to subjects who ate their largest meal at dinner, those who consumed breakfast as the largest meal experienced a significant decrease in BMI (−0.038; 95% CI: −0.048, −0.028), and those who consumed a big lunch experienced a smaller but still significant decrease in BMI than did those who ate their largest meal at dinner.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that in relatively healthy adults, eating less frequently, no snacking, consuming breakfast, and eating the largest meal in the morning may be effective methods for preventing long-term weight gain. Eating breakfast and lunch 5–6 h apart and making the overnight fast last 18–19 h may be a useful practical strategy
http://m.jn.nutrition.org/content/early/2017/07/12/jn.116.244749.abstract?sid=39dc4717-c136-41ed-be77-4d617b43852d
Breakfast eaters (−0.029; 95% CI: −0.047, −0.012; P < 0.001) experienced a decreased BMI compared with breakfast skippers. Relative to subjects who ate their largest meal at dinner, those who consumed breakfast as the largest meal experienced a significant decrease in BMI (−0.038; 95% CI: −0.048, −0.028), and those who consumed a big lunch experienced a smaller but still significant decrease in BMI than did those who ate their largest meal at dinner.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that in relatively healthy adults, eating less frequently, no snacking, consuming breakfast, and eating the largest meal in the morning may be effective methods for preventing long-term weight gain. Eating breakfast and lunch 5–6 h apart and making the overnight fast last 18–19 h may be a useful practical strategy
!!
Body #mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of #dementia in 1 million UK women
..Fifteen years after the baseline survey, only 1% were lost to follow-up, and 89% remained alive with no detected dementia, of whom 18,695 had dementia detected later, at a mean age of 77 (SD 4) years. Dementia detection during years 15+ was associated with baseline obesity (BMI 30+ vs 20–24 kg/m2: RR 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.26, p < 0.0001) but not clearly with low BMI, low caloric intake, or inactivity at baseline.
The latter 3 factors were associated with increased dementia rates during the first decade, but these associations weakened substantially over time, approaching null after 15 years.
Conclusions Midlife obesity may well be a cause of dementia. In contrast, behavioral changes due to preclinical disease could largely or wholly account for associations of low BMI, low caloric intake, and inactivity with dementia detection during the first decade of follow-up.
https://bit.ly/392c0cV
Body #mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of #dementia in 1 million UK women
..Fifteen years after the baseline survey, only 1% were lost to follow-up, and 89% remained alive with no detected dementia, of whom 18,695 had dementia detected later, at a mean age of 77 (SD 4) years. Dementia detection during years 15+ was associated with baseline obesity (BMI 30+ vs 20–24 kg/m2: RR 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.16–1.26, p < 0.0001) but not clearly with low BMI, low caloric intake, or inactivity at baseline.
The latter 3 factors were associated with increased dementia rates during the first decade, but these associations weakened substantially over time, approaching null after 15 years.
Conclusions Midlife obesity may well be a cause of dementia. In contrast, behavioral changes due to preclinical disease could largely or wholly account for associations of low BMI, low caloric intake, and inactivity with dementia detection during the first decade of follow-up.
https://bit.ly/392c0cV
Neurology
Body mass index, diet, physical inactivity, and the incidence of dementia in 1 million UK women
Objective To help determine whether midlife obesity is a cause of dementia and whether low body mass index (BMI), low caloric intake, and physical inactivity are causes or merely consequences of the gradual onset of dementia by recording these factors early…
#Protein Intake Greater than the RDA Differentially Influences Whole-Body Lean #Mass Responses to Purposeful Catabolic and Anabolic Stressors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Under stressful conditions such as energy restriction (ER) and physical activity, the RDA for protein of 0.8 g · kg−1 · d−1 may no longer be an appropriate recommendation. Under catabolic or anabolic conditions, higher protein intakes are proposed to attenuate the loss or increase the gain of whole-body lean mass, respectively..
..Among all comparisons, protein intakes greater than the RDA benefitted changes in lean mass relative to consuming the RDA [weighted mean difference (95% CI): 0.32 (0.01, 0.64) kg, n = 22 comparisons]. In the subgroup analyses, protein intakes greater than the RDA attenuated lean mass loss after ER [0.36 (0.06, 0.67) kg, n = 14], increased lean mass after resistance training (RT) [0.77 (0.23, 1.31) kg, n = 3], but did not differentially affect changes in lean mass [0.08 (−0.59, 0.75) kg, n = 7] under nonstressed conditions (no ER + no RT). Protein intakes greater than the RDA beneficially influenced changes in lean mass when adults were purposefully stressed by the catabolic stressor of dietary ER with and without the anabolic stressor of RT. The RDA for protein is adequate to support lean mass in adults during nonstressed states..
https://bit.ly/359lobR
Under stressful conditions such as energy restriction (ER) and physical activity, the RDA for protein of 0.8 g · kg−1 · d−1 may no longer be an appropriate recommendation. Under catabolic or anabolic conditions, higher protein intakes are proposed to attenuate the loss or increase the gain of whole-body lean mass, respectively..
..Among all comparisons, protein intakes greater than the RDA benefitted changes in lean mass relative to consuming the RDA [weighted mean difference (95% CI): 0.32 (0.01, 0.64) kg, n = 22 comparisons]. In the subgroup analyses, protein intakes greater than the RDA attenuated lean mass loss after ER [0.36 (0.06, 0.67) kg, n = 14], increased lean mass after resistance training (RT) [0.77 (0.23, 1.31) kg, n = 3], but did not differentially affect changes in lean mass [0.08 (−0.59, 0.75) kg, n = 7] under nonstressed conditions (no ER + no RT). Protein intakes greater than the RDA beneficially influenced changes in lean mass when adults were purposefully stressed by the catabolic stressor of dietary ER with and without the anabolic stressor of RT. The RDA for protein is adequate to support lean mass in adults during nonstressed states..
https://bit.ly/359lobR
OUP Academic
Protein Intake Greater than the RDA Differentially Influences Whole-Body Lean Mass Responses to Purposeful Catabolic and Anabolic…
ABSTRACT. Under stressful conditions such as energy restriction (ER) and physical activity, the RDA for protein of 0.8 g · kg−1 · d−1 may no longer be an appro
!!
Shared Genetic Loci Between Body #Mass Index and Major #Psychiatric Disorders
A Genome-wide Association Study
People with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) have a 10- to 20-year shorter life span than the rest of the population, and this difference is mainly due to comorbid cardiovascular diseases..
schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression (MD) body mass index (BMI)
..Of the shared loci, 34% (73 of 213) in SCZ, 52% (36 of 69) in BIP, and 57% (56 of 99) in MD had risk alleles associated with higher BMI (conjunctional false discovery rate <0.05), while the rest had opposite directions of associations. Functional analyses indicated that the overlapping loci are involved in several pathways including neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter signaling, and intracellular processes, and the loci with concordant and opposite association directions pointed mostly to different pathways.
Conclusions and Relevance In this genome-wide association study, extensive polygenic overlap between BMI and SCZ, BIP, and MD were found, and 111 shared genetic loci were identified, implicating novel functional mechanisms. There was mixture of association directions in SCZ and BMI, albeit with a preponderance of discordant ones.
https://bit.ly/2ub4qN9
Shared Genetic Loci Between Body #Mass Index and Major #Psychiatric Disorders
A Genome-wide Association Study
People with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs) have a 10- to 20-year shorter life span than the rest of the population, and this difference is mainly due to comorbid cardiovascular diseases..
schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), major depression (MD) body mass index (BMI)
..Of the shared loci, 34% (73 of 213) in SCZ, 52% (36 of 69) in BIP, and 57% (56 of 99) in MD had risk alleles associated with higher BMI (conjunctional false discovery rate <0.05), while the rest had opposite directions of associations. Functional analyses indicated that the overlapping loci are involved in several pathways including neurodevelopment, neurotransmitter signaling, and intracellular processes, and the loci with concordant and opposite association directions pointed mostly to different pathways.
Conclusions and Relevance In this genome-wide association study, extensive polygenic overlap between BMI and SCZ, BIP, and MD were found, and 111 shared genetic loci were identified, implicating novel functional mechanisms. There was mixture of association directions in SCZ and BMI, albeit with a preponderance of discordant ones.
https://bit.ly/2ub4qN9
Jamanetwork
Shared Genetic Loci Between Body Mass Index and Major Psychiatric Disorders
This genome-wide association study examines the extent of overlap between the genetic architectures of major psychiatric disorders and body mass index and identifies common genetic loci.
!!
Body #mass index, #diabetes, and the risk of #Parkinson's disease
..A total of 33,443 individuals were diagnosed with PD during the follow‐up period (7.3 years). An increased risk of PD incidence was observed in the underweight group versus the normal group (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.36), whereas a decreased risk of PD incidence was observed (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.93) in the obese group and (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.82) in the severely obese group. This association consistently persisted after stratification by diabetes mellitus status, with the steepest downward slope for PD risk present with increasing body mass index in patients with severe diabetes mellitus (i.e., long duration or complication).
Conclusions
Being underweight and diabetes mellitus were associated with an increased risk of PD incidence, and effect of being underweight was more prominent in those with diabetes mellitus, with a dose‐response relationship existing according to diabetes mellitus status. Further research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of the significant interaction between being underweight and diabetes mellitus status in the development of PD
https://bit.ly/2VcuRxz
Body #mass index, #diabetes, and the risk of #Parkinson's disease
..A total of 33,443 individuals were diagnosed with PD during the follow‐up period (7.3 years). An increased risk of PD incidence was observed in the underweight group versus the normal group (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.36), whereas a decreased risk of PD incidence was observed (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.93) in the obese group and (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.82) in the severely obese group. This association consistently persisted after stratification by diabetes mellitus status, with the steepest downward slope for PD risk present with increasing body mass index in patients with severe diabetes mellitus (i.e., long duration or complication).
Conclusions
Being underweight and diabetes mellitus were associated with an increased risk of PD incidence, and effect of being underweight was more prominent in those with diabetes mellitus, with a dose‐response relationship existing according to diabetes mellitus status. Further research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of the significant interaction between being underweight and diabetes mellitus status in the development of PD
https://bit.ly/2VcuRxz
Wiley Online Library
Body mass index, diabetes, and the risk of Parkinson's disease
Background
There are conflicting findings in the literature regarding the association of body mass index and incidence of PD.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the association of body mas...
There are conflicting findings in the literature regarding the association of body mass index and incidence of PD.
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the association of body mas...
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Blood #Pressure and Body #Mass Index in the National Academy of Sciences–National Research Council World War II Veteran Twin Registry
https://2medical.news/2020/10/13/genetic-and-environmental-influences-on-blood-pressure-and-body-mass-index-in-the-national-academy-of-sciences-national-research-council-world-war-ii-veteran-twin-registry/
Blood pressure (BP) and obesity phenotypes may covary due to shared genetic or environmental factors or both. Furthermore, it is possible that the heritability of BP differs according to obesity status—a form of G×E interaction. This hypothesis has never been tested in White twins. The present study included 15 924 White male twin pairs aged between 15 and 33 years from the National Academy of Sciences–National …
https://2medical.news/2020/10/13/genetic-and-environmental-influences-on-blood-pressure-and-body-mass-index-in-the-national-academy-of-sciences-national-research-council-world-war-ii-veteran-twin-registry/
Blood pressure (BP) and obesity phenotypes may covary due to shared genetic or environmental factors or both. Furthermore, it is possible that the heritability of BP differs according to obesity status—a form of G×E interaction. This hypothesis has never been tested in White twins. The present study included 15 924 White male twin pairs aged between 15 and 33 years from the National Academy of Sciences–National …
Changes in Body #Mass Index Are Related to Faster #Cognitive Decline Among African American Older Adults
https://2medical.news/2020/12/16/changes-in-body-mass-index-are-related-to-faster-cognitive-decline-among-african-american-older-adults/
The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine relationships between body mass index (BMI) stability and cognitive decline in older African Americans; and (2) investigate differences in the relationships between women and men.. ..Participants (n = 671; mean age = 73.5 years; standard deviation = 6.2 years) were included in the present analysis if they were dementia free at baseline and completed at least two clinical …
https://2medical.news/2020/12/16/changes-in-body-mass-index-are-related-to-faster-cognitive-decline-among-african-american-older-adults/
The purpose of this study was to: (1) examine relationships between body mass index (BMI) stability and cognitive decline in older African Americans; and (2) investigate differences in the relationships between women and men.. ..Participants (n = 671; mean age = 73.5 years; standard deviation = 6.2 years) were included in the present analysis if they were dementia free at baseline and completed at least two clinical …
The Relationship Between Body #Mass Index and In-Hospital #Mortality in the Contemporary Era of an Acute Myocardial #Infarction Management
https://2medical.news/2021/09/12/the-relationship-between-body-mass-index-and-in-hospital-mortality-in-the-contemporary-era-of-an-acute-myocardial-infarction-management/
https://2medical.news/2021/09/12/the-relationship-between-body-mass-index-and-in-hospital-mortality-in-the-contemporary-era-of-an-acute-myocardial-infarction-management/
2Medical.News
The Relationship Between Body #Mass Index and In-Hospital #Mortality in the Contemporary Era of an Acute Myocardial #Infarction…
The association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between B…