*
Adjectives / adverbs
oson – easy, simple
qiyin – difficult, hard
bemalol – easily, freely, with no trouble
salqin – cool, shady
ichki – inner
tashqi – external, outer
The Affix –roq
This affix serves to form the comparative degree of adjectives.
balandroq – higher, taller; louder
pastroq – lower
ko'proq – more (in count)
kattaroq – bigger (in size), older
ozroq – less (in count); a little
kamroq – smaller (in size)
qisqaroq – shorter
kaltaroq – shorter
uzunroq – longer, taller
uzoqroq – longer, more distant (by distance or time)
*
Adjectives / adverbs
oson – easy, simple
qiyin – difficult, hard
bemalol – easily, freely, with no trouble
salqin – cool, shady
ichki – inner
tashqi – external, outer
The Affix –roq
This affix serves to form the comparative degree of adjectives.
balandroq – higher, taller; louder
pastroq – lower
ko'proq – more (in count)
kattaroq – bigger (in size), older
ozroq – less (in count); a little
kamroq – smaller (in size)
qisqaroq – shorter
kaltaroq – shorter
uzunroq – longer, taller
uzoqroq – longer, more distant (by distance or time)
*
Find the sentence in the Definite Past Tense
Anonymous Quiz
49%
Biz nima haqda gaplashdik?
26%
Endi men derazani yopgan edim.
26%
Inson qachon asboblardan foydalana boshlagan?
Find the sentence in the Indefinite Past Tense
Anonymous Quiz
35%
Avval ular ob-havo haqida gapirishdi.
29%
O'rta maktabni qayerda tugatgansiz?
35%
Men kompyuterda telegram ochgan edim.
Find the sentence in the Pluperfect Tense
Anonymous Quiz
27%
Menga orzu berganingiz.
51%
Kimlarga dil bergan eding?
22%
U bu haqda nima dedi?
*
Confusion – 2
emoq – to be (it is an archaic verb; it is used only in some forms)
yemoq – to eat
sovuq – cold
suvoq – plaster
uy – house, home
oy – month
qaynatmoq – to boil, to cook
qaynota – father-in-law
egmoq – to bend, to lower
ekmoq – sow, to plant
agar – if
asar – work of art
qo’ymoq – to put, to place, to stop; as a compound verb, it is used to indicate the completion of an action: so'rab qo'ydi – he asked
quymoq – to pour
havo – air
davo – remedy, drug
kichik – small, little
kechik – ford; kechikmoq – to be late
salqin – cool
sekin – slowly; quietly
sokin – quiet, peaceful, still
ilon – snake
e’lon – notice, announcement
ozod – free, freely
ozoda – clean, neat
hayrat – surprize, astonishment
g’ayrat – zeal, enthusiasm
kiyim – clothing
kiyinmoq – to get dressed (kiymoq – to wear, to put on)
qiyin – difficult
kumush – silver
turmush – life,married life
sakramoq – to jump
saqlamoq – to save, to keep, to take care of
*
Confusion – 2
emoq – to be (it is an archaic verb; it is used only in some forms)
yemoq – to eat
sovuq – cold
suvoq – plaster
uy – house, home
oy – month
qaynatmoq – to boil, to cook
qaynota – father-in-law
egmoq – to bend, to lower
ekmoq – sow, to plant
agar – if
asar – work of art
qo’ymoq – to put, to place, to stop; as a compound verb, it is used to indicate the completion of an action: so'rab qo'ydi – he asked
quymoq – to pour
havo – air
davo – remedy, drug
kichik – small, little
kechik – ford; kechikmoq – to be late
salqin – cool
sekin – slowly; quietly
sokin – quiet, peaceful, still
ilon – snake
e’lon – notice, announcement
ozod – free, freely
ozoda – clean, neat
hayrat – surprize, astonishment
g’ayrat – zeal, enthusiasm
kiyim – clothing
kiyinmoq – to get dressed (kiymoq – to wear, to put on)
qiyin – difficult
kumush – silver
turmush – life,married life
sakramoq – to jump
saqlamoq – to save, to keep, to take care of
*
*
Superlative adjectives
So, the affix “-roq” serves to form the comparative degree of adjectives.
Superlative adjectives are formed in several ways:
1. By adding the exaggerate word eng (“most …”):
eng katta – biggest,
eng zamonaviy — most modern.
2. By adding the exaggerate word behad (“boundlessly …”»):
U behad baxtli. — He is boundlessly happy.
3. By adding the exaggerate words juda or juda ham (“very ...”):
juda qattiq — very hard,
Juda ham chiroyli chiqibdi! - It turned out very beautifully!
4. Using partial reduplication («very ...»). Sounds “p” or “m” is added to the first two sounds of the original adjective:
dumaloq – round => dum-dumaloq — very round, completely round,
ko‘k – blue (green) => ko‘m-ko‘k – very blue (very green),
sariq – yellow => sap-sariq – very yellow,
tekis – smooth => tep-tekis – very smooth.
Exception: the superlative form of the adjective oq (white) is written together and with two consonants “p”, that is, oppoq – completely white.
*
Superlative adjectives
So, the affix “-roq” serves to form the comparative degree of adjectives.
Superlative adjectives are formed in several ways:
1. By adding the exaggerate word eng (“most …”):
eng katta – biggest,
eng zamonaviy — most modern.
2. By adding the exaggerate word behad (“boundlessly …”»):
U behad baxtli. — He is boundlessly happy.
3. By adding the exaggerate words juda or juda ham (“very ...”):
juda qattiq — very hard,
Juda ham chiroyli chiqibdi! - It turned out very beautifully!
4. Using partial reduplication («very ...»). Sounds “p” or “m” is added to the first two sounds of the original adjective:
dumaloq – round => dum-dumaloq — very round, completely round,
ko‘k – blue (green) => ko‘m-ko‘k – very blue (very green),
sariq – yellow => sap-sariq – very yellow,
tekis – smooth => tep-tekis – very smooth.
Exception: the superlative form of the adjective oq (white) is written together and with two consonants “p”, that is, oppoq – completely white.
*
*
Gerund
Gerunds in the Uzbek language are formed from all verbs. They can be used either by themselves or to create verb forms, as well as to form compound verbs.
There are two types of gerunds:
1. Present gerund. It is formed using the affix -a (after a consonant) and -y (after a vowel).
Typically, this form is used as part of a compound verb or other verbal constructions:
uxlay olmadim – I could not sleep (uxla + y)
topa olmaslik – inability to find (top + a)
It is also often used in double form, denoting repetition or duration of action:
Yo‘l yura-yura ular oxiri bir boqqa yetishibdi – They walked and walked along the road and finally came to the garden.
The negative form of the gerund contains the affix -ma, we place it between the root and the affix -a (-y): tushun+ma+y, qara+ma+y.
It is important to note the role of the present gerund in the formation of the verb form of the Present-Future tense:
uyga boraman – I'm going home (bor+a+man).
2. Past gerund. It is formed using the affixes -(i)b or -gach/-kach/-qach.
A gerund formed with the affix -(i)b can express an action preceding in time or accompanying the main action:
U kiyinib tashqariga chiqdi – He got dressed and went out;
Nonni olib xaltaga soldi – He took the bread and put it in his bag;
Ovqatlanib choy ichdim — I ate and drank tea;
Bola kulib otasiga qaradi — The child looked at his father laughing.
The form with the affix -(i)b is very widely used in compound verbs. The first part of a compound verb carries the main semantic load, the second part is an auxiliary verb indicating the nature of the action:
yopilib ketgan – closed
deb qolmangiz – don't say that
ko’rinib turadi — it's visible
sotib olmoq – to buy
yordam bermoq — to help
olmoq - to take. There are many compound verbs with "olib", for example:
olib bermoq — to pass, to transmit;
olib bormoq — to wear; to carry; to lead; to conduct;
olib kelmoq — to drive; to bring; to bring in;
olib ketmoq — to lead away; to take away; to carry away.
There is another form of verbs - with the affixes ib+di. It is used in the narrative genre and can be translated as both present and past tense.
Example:
Ibn Sino qishloqda yashab, tabiblik qilar ekan. Kunlardan bir kun shu qishloqlik bir yigit bilan bir qiz turmush qurishibdi. Ular yaxshi hayot kechirishibdi, oradan to’qqiz oy-u to’qqiz kun, to’qqiz soat-u to’qqiz daqiqa o’tgach, farzand ko’rishibdi.
Ibn Sina lived in a village and practiced medicine. One day a young man and a girl from this village got married. They lived a good life, nine months and nine days, nine hours and nine minutes later they had a baby.
A gerund formed with the affix -gach/-kach/-qach shows that one action is immediately followed by a second:
Bolani uxlagach, xonamga kirdim – After putting the child to bed, I went to my room.
*
Gerund
Gerunds in the Uzbek language are formed from all verbs. They can be used either by themselves or to create verb forms, as well as to form compound verbs.
There are two types of gerunds:
1. Present gerund. It is formed using the affix -a (after a consonant) and -y (after a vowel).
Typically, this form is used as part of a compound verb or other verbal constructions:
uxlay olmadim – I could not sleep (uxla + y)
topa olmaslik – inability to find (top + a)
It is also often used in double form, denoting repetition or duration of action:
Yo‘l yura-yura ular oxiri bir boqqa yetishibdi – They walked and walked along the road and finally came to the garden.
The negative form of the gerund contains the affix -ma, we place it between the root and the affix -a (-y): tushun+ma+y, qara+ma+y.
It is important to note the role of the present gerund in the formation of the verb form of the Present-Future tense:
uyga boraman – I'm going home (bor+a+man).
2. Past gerund. It is formed using the affixes -(i)b or -gach/-kach/-qach.
A gerund formed with the affix -(i)b can express an action preceding in time or accompanying the main action:
U kiyinib tashqariga chiqdi – He got dressed and went out;
Nonni olib xaltaga soldi – He took the bread and put it in his bag;
Ovqatlanib choy ichdim — I ate and drank tea;
Bola kulib otasiga qaradi — The child looked at his father laughing.
The form with the affix -(i)b is very widely used in compound verbs. The first part of a compound verb carries the main semantic load, the second part is an auxiliary verb indicating the nature of the action:
yopilib ketgan – closed
deb qolmangiz – don't say that
ko’rinib turadi — it's visible
sotib olmoq – to buy
yordam bermoq — to help
olmoq - to take. There are many compound verbs with "olib", for example:
olib bermoq — to pass, to transmit;
olib bormoq — to wear; to carry; to lead; to conduct;
olib kelmoq — to drive; to bring; to bring in;
olib ketmoq — to lead away; to take away; to carry away.
There is another form of verbs - with the affixes ib+di. It is used in the narrative genre and can be translated as both present and past tense.
Example:
Ibn Sino qishloqda yashab, tabiblik qilar ekan. Kunlardan bir kun shu qishloqlik bir yigit bilan bir qiz turmush qurishibdi. Ular yaxshi hayot kechirishibdi, oradan to’qqiz oy-u to’qqiz kun, to’qqiz soat-u to’qqiz daqiqa o’tgach, farzand ko’rishibdi.
Ibn Sina lived in a village and practiced medicine. One day a young man and a girl from this village got married. They lived a good life, nine months and nine days, nine hours and nine minutes later they had a baby.
A gerund formed with the affix -gach/-kach/-qach shows that one action is immediately followed by a second:
Bolani uxlagach, xonamga kirdim – After putting the child to bed, I went to my room.
*
*
Details - components - mechanisms - 1
quvur - pipe, pipeline
to'sin - beam
tirgak - prop, support
poydevor - foundation
pishang, dastak - lever
g'ildirak - wheel
chambar - circle, ring, hoo
parrak - wheel (of a mill, etc.), propellor
charx - spinning wheel; wheel (of mechanism)
o'q – arrow, bullet; axis
mix - nail
mixparchin - rivet
sim - wire
zanjir - chain
qayish - strap
qanot - wing
xalqa - staple, mesh
xomut - horse collar
tugun - knot
tuzilish - device, construction (tuzmoq - to form, tuzilmoq – to be composed)
*
Details - components - mechanisms - 1
quvur - pipe, pipeline
to'sin - beam
tirgak - prop, support
poydevor - foundation
pishang, dastak - lever
g'ildirak - wheel
chambar - circle, ring, hoo
parrak - wheel (of a mill, etc.), propellor
charx - spinning wheel; wheel (of mechanism)
o'q – arrow, bullet; axis
mix - nail
mixparchin - rivet
sim - wire
zanjir - chain
qayish - strap
qanot - wing
xalqa - staple, mesh
xomut - horse collar
tugun - knot
tuzilish - device, construction (tuzmoq - to form, tuzilmoq – to be composed)
*
*
Verbs of motion
yurmoq – to walk, to go, to move
bormoq – to go (to); to reach
kelmoq – to come, to arrive
ketmoq – to leave
qolmoq – to remain, to stay behind, to be left; to stop
qaytmoq – to return, to go back
yugurmoq – to run, to rush
chopmoq – to run, to gallop, to race (an animal)
qochmoq – to flee, to run off, to escape
ko'chmoq – to move somewhere else
kechmoq – to pass through, to go through
o’tmoq – to pass (by, through, over, from, to), to go through; to step over
o’tkazmoq –to conduct, to guide; to spend time
kirmoq – to enter, to go into
chiqmoq – to get out; to ascend
qo'nmoq – to alight, to land
tushmoq – to fall, to go down, to descend
o'tirmoq – to sit, to sit down
turmoq – to stand, to stand up; to be found
kezmoq – to stroll, to wander
aylanmoq – to spin, to turn; to take a walk
uchmoq – to fly; to ride something
Bolalar yaxmalakda chang'ida, chanada va konki uchadi – Children go skiing, sledding and skating on the ice
suzmoq – to swim
yetmoq – to reach, to arrive; to suffice, to be enough
U katta toqqa yetib keldi – He reached a big mountain
Several compound verbs:
chiqib qolmoq – to appear
qochib ketmoq – to disappear
olib ketmoq – to take away
olib kelmoq – to bring
olib bormoq – to carry; to lead
o’tib ketmoq – to outstrip
borib kelmoq – to go (and come back)
*
Verbs of motion
yurmoq – to walk, to go, to move
bormoq – to go (to); to reach
kelmoq – to come, to arrive
ketmoq – to leave
qolmoq – to remain, to stay behind, to be left; to stop
qaytmoq – to return, to go back
yugurmoq – to run, to rush
chopmoq – to run, to gallop, to race (an animal)
qochmoq – to flee, to run off, to escape
ko'chmoq – to move somewhere else
kechmoq – to pass through, to go through
o’tmoq – to pass (by, through, over, from, to), to go through; to step over
o’tkazmoq –to conduct, to guide; to spend time
kirmoq – to enter, to go into
chiqmoq – to get out; to ascend
qo'nmoq – to alight, to land
tushmoq – to fall, to go down, to descend
o'tirmoq – to sit, to sit down
turmoq – to stand, to stand up; to be found
kezmoq – to stroll, to wander
aylanmoq – to spin, to turn; to take a walk
uchmoq – to fly; to ride something
Bolalar yaxmalakda chang'ida, chanada va konki uchadi – Children go skiing, sledding and skating on the ice
suzmoq – to swim
yetmoq – to reach, to arrive; to suffice, to be enough
U katta toqqa yetib keldi – He reached a big mountain
Several compound verbs:
chiqib qolmoq – to appear
qochib ketmoq – to disappear
olib ketmoq – to take away
olib kelmoq – to bring
olib bormoq – to carry; to lead
o’tib ketmoq – to outstrip
borib kelmoq – to go (and come back)
*
Forwarded from Узбекский язык +
uzbek_lexicons.rar
344.5 MB
+
АРХИВ СЛОВАРЕЙ, УЧЕБНИКОВ И ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ РЕСУРСОВ В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ
+
АРХИВ СЛОВАРЕЙ, УЧЕБНИКОВ И ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ РЕСУРСОВ В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ
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Next month I will spend more time at work
Anonymous Quiz
18%
Kelgusi yil ishda ko'proq vaqt o'tkazaman
11%
Kelgusi yil ishda eng kichik vaqt o'tkazaman
71%
Kelgusi oy ishda ko'proq vaqt o'tkazaman
Oq sigir turib ketdi, qora sigir yotib qoldi
Anonymous Quiz
23%
ot, it
63%
qor, yer
13%
juma, shanba
*
beri, buyon, qadar
beri – hither; from such a moment or place
buyon = beri
Qachondan beri ishlaysiz? – Since when have you been working?
O'tgan yilning oxiridan beri – Sunce the end of last year
qurilishi tugaganidan beri – since the completion of the construction
beri davr ichida – in the period from
beri roq – … closer here
beri kel – come closer here
do’kondan beri – before reaching the store
bundan buyon – from now on
o’shandan buyon – since then
Bundan buyon faqat meva va sabzavodlar bilan kun kechiraman – From now on, I will only eat vegetables and fruits
Bu bino teatrining binosidan buyon shaharimiz kattaligi bo'yicha ikkinchi – This building is the second largest in the city after the theater building
qadar – up to a certain moment or place
o’n minut qadar – to ten minutes, about ten minutes
bir qadar — to some extent
shu qadar — to such an extent
Bino 3-qavatga qadar g‘isht – The house up to the 2nd floor is brick
*
beri, buyon, qadar
beri – hither; from such a moment or place
buyon = beri
Qachondan beri ishlaysiz? – Since when have you been working?
O'tgan yilning oxiridan beri – Sunce the end of last year
qurilishi tugaganidan beri – since the completion of the construction
beri davr ichida – in the period from
beri roq – … closer here
beri kel – come closer here
do’kondan beri – before reaching the store
bundan buyon – from now on
o’shandan buyon – since then
Bundan buyon faqat meva va sabzavodlar bilan kun kechiraman – From now on, I will only eat vegetables and fruits
Bu bino teatrining binosidan buyon shaharimiz kattaligi bo'yicha ikkinchi – This building is the second largest in the city after the theater building
qadar – up to a certain moment or place
o’n minut qadar – to ten minutes, about ten minutes
bir qadar — to some extent
shu qadar — to such an extent
Bino 3-qavatga qadar g‘isht – The house up to the 2nd floor is brick
*
New roads are being built in Moscow
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Moskvada yo'llar qurilyapti
11%
Moskvada yo'llar qurilmoqda
55%
Moskvada yangi yo'llar qurilyapti
26%
Moskvada yangi yo'llar qurilgan
*
Antonyms - 1
bright — yorug'
dark — qorong'i
bright, clear — yorqin
dull, unclear — xira
strong — kuchli
weak — kuchsiz
wet — ho'l
dry — quruq
thin — yupqa
thick — qalin
narrow — tor
wide — keng
flexible — egiluvchan
hard, tough — qattiq
soft — yumshoq
hard, tough — qattiq
intelligent — aqlli
silly — tentak
even — tekis
rough; shaggy — dag'al
empty — bo'sh
full — to'liq
sharp — o'tkir
dull — o'tmas
sparse — siyrak
dense — zich
clean — toza, ozoda
dirty, filthy — irkit
*
Antonyms - 1
bright — yorug'
dark — qorong'i
bright, clear — yorqin
dull, unclear — xira
strong — kuchli
weak — kuchsiz
wet — ho'l
dry — quruq
thin — yupqa
thick — qalin
narrow — tor
wide — keng
flexible — egiluvchan
hard, tough — qattiq
soft — yumshoq
hard, tough — qattiq
intelligent — aqlli
silly — tentak
even — tekis
rough; shaggy — dag'al
empty — bo'sh
full — to'liq
sharp — o'tkir
dull — o'tmas
sparse — siyrak
dense — zich
clean — toza, ozoda
dirty, filthy — irkit
*
Forwarded from Узбекский язык
*
Confusion — 3
qo'y – sheep, ram
quyi – bottom, lower
kuy – melody, tune
(see above):
qo’ymoq – to put, to place, to stop; as a compound verb, it is used to indicate the completion of an action: so'rab qo'ydi – he asked
quymoq – to pour
boy – rich, rich man
bo'y – growth
Note:
bo'ylab – (going) along, parallel to, throughout
bo'yicha – according to, in accordance with
xalq – folk
xalqa – staple
topmoq – to find, to discover
to’p – pile, bunch, group
yo'q – no
yoqmoq – to light, to burn; to please
yoqa – collar
ishlamoq – to work
ushlamoq – to hold
tashlamoq – to throw
suzmoq – to swim
so’z – word
sayyor – mobile, traveling
tayyor – ready, prepared
qor – snow
qora – black
qaramoq – to look
oyna – glass
oila – family
o'ynamoq – to play
o'ylamoq – to think
o'rta – middle
orqa – back
tovuq – hen
tovoq – earthenware dish
ot – horse; name
o’t – fire; grass; bile
tuman – district; ten thousand (obsolete); mist, fog
tomon – side, direction
tamom – end
bosh – head
bo'sh – empty
maktab – school
maktub – letter, message, epistle
*
Confusion — 3
qo'y – sheep, ram
quyi – bottom, lower
kuy – melody, tune
(see above):
qo’ymoq – to put, to place, to stop; as a compound verb, it is used to indicate the completion of an action: so'rab qo'ydi – he asked
quymoq – to pour
boy – rich, rich man
bo'y – growth
Note:
bo'ylab – (going) along, parallel to, throughout
bo'yicha – according to, in accordance with
xalq – folk
xalqa – staple
topmoq – to find, to discover
to’p – pile, bunch, group
yo'q – no
yoqmoq – to light, to burn; to please
yoqa – collar
ishlamoq – to work
ushlamoq – to hold
tashlamoq – to throw
suzmoq – to swim
so’z – word
sayyor – mobile, traveling
tayyor – ready, prepared
qor – snow
qora – black
qaramoq – to look
oyna – glass
oila – family
o'ynamoq – to play
o'ylamoq – to think
o'rta – middle
orqa – back
tovuq – hen
tovoq – earthenware dish
ot – horse; name
o’t – fire; grass; bile
tuman – district; ten thousand (obsolete); mist, fog
tomon – side, direction
tamom – end
bosh – head
bo'sh – empty
maktab – school
maktub – letter, message, epistle
*
Forwarded from Узбекский язык +
uzbek_lexicons.rar
344.5 MB
+
АРХИВ СЛОВАРЕЙ, УЧЕБНИКОВ И ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ РЕСУРСОВ В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ
+
АРХИВ СЛОВАРЕЙ, УЧЕБНИКОВ И ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ РЕСУРСОВ В ИНТЕРНЕТЕ
+