POLITY: QUICK REVISION

🔹 1. CONSTITUTION – IMPORTANT PARTS
Part I (Art 1–4) → Union & Territories
Part II (5–11) → Citizenship
Part III (12–35) → ⭐️ Fundamental Rights
Part IV (36–51) → DPSP
Part IV-A → Fundamental Duties
Part V & VI → Union & State Govt
Part IX & IX-A → Panchayats & Municipalities
Part XV → Elections
Part XVIII → Emergency
Part XX → Amendment

🔹 2. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (MOST IMPORTANT)
👉 Articles 12–35
Categories:
Right to Equality (14–18)
Right to Freedom (19–22) ⭐️
Right against Exploitation (23–24)
Freedom of Religion (25–28)
Cultural & Educational Rights (29–30)
Right to Constitutional Remedies (32) ⭐️
👉 Art 32 = “Heart & Soul” (Ambedkar)
👉 Cannot be suspended:
Art 20 & 21


🔹 3. IMPORTANT AMENDMENTS
1st (1951) → 9th Schedule
7th (1956) → State reorganisation
42nd (1976) → Mini Constitution (Duties added)
44th (1978) → Removed Right to Property
52nd (1985) → Anti-defection
61st (1989) → Voting age = 18
73rd & 74th (1992) → Local bodies
86th (2002) → Right to Education
101st (2016) → GST
103rd (2019) → EWS reservation
106th (2023) → Women reservation


🔹 4. 7th SCHEDULE (VERY IMPORTANT)
🟥 Union List
Defence, Banking, Currency, Railways, Foreign Affairs
🟩 State List
Police, Public Health, Agriculture, Liquor
🟦 Concurrent List
Education, Forests, Marriage, Electricity
👉 Residuary Power → Centre (Art 248)



🔹 5. EMERGENCY (Part XVIII)
🔴 National Emergency (Art 352)
War / External Aggression / Armed Rebellion
FR suspended (except 20 & 21)
🔴 President’s Rule (Art 356)
State govt fails
🔴 Financial Emergency (Art 360)
NEVER used in India


🔹 6. CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES
CAG (Art 148)
Election Commission (Art 324) ⭐️
UPSC (Art 315)
Finance Commission (Art 280)
Attorney General (Art 76)
👉 Mostly appointed by President

💃🕺 IMPORTANT DANCE FORMS OF INDIA

🎭 CLASSICAL DANCES (VERY IMPORTANT)
Kerala → Kathakali, Mohiniyattam
Tamil Nadu → Bharatanatyam
Karnataka → Yakshagana
Andhra Pradesh → Kuchipudi
Odisha → Odissi
Manipur → Manipuri
Uttar Pradesh → Kathak
Assam → Sattriya


🎉 IMPORTANT FOLK DANCES (STATE-WISE)
🟢 North India
Punjab → Bhangra, Giddha
Himachal Pradesh → Nati
Rajasthan → Ghoomar, Kalbelia
Uttar Pradesh → Raslila


🟡 West India
Gujarat → Garba, Dandiya Raas
Maharashtra → Lavani, Tamasha
Goa → Fugdi


🔵 South India
Kerala → Theyyam, Thiruvathira
Tamil Nadu → Karagattam
Karnataka → Dollu Kunitha
Andhra Pradesh → Lambadi


🔴 East India
West Bengal → Chhau, Baul
Odisha → Chhau
Jharkhand → Chhau


🟣 North-East India
Assam → Bihu
Nagaland → Naga dance
Mizoram → Cheraw (Bamboo dance)
Meghalaya → Wangala

MATHS – COMPLETE QUICK REVISION
________________________________________
⚡️ 1. NUMBER SYSTEM
• LCM × HCF = Product
• Even × Even = Even
• Odd × Odd = Odd
• Prime → only 2 factors
________________________________________
⚡️ 2. PERCENTAGE
%=Value/Total×100
🔥 Tricks:
• x% of y = y% of x
• 50% = 1/2, 25% = 1/4, 10% = ÷10
________________________________________
⚡️ 3. PROFIT & LOSS
• Profit = SP – CP
Profit%=Profit/CP×100
👉 Direct trick:
• SP = 120, CP = 100 → 20% profit
________________________________________
⚡️ 4. SIMPLE INTEREST
SI=(P×R×T)/100
👉 Trick: divide by 100 first
________________________________________
⚡️ 5. 💰 COMPOUND INTEREST (NEW – IMPORTANT)
🔹 Formula
A=P(1+R/100)^T
👉 CI = A – P
________________________________________
⚡️ 6. TIME & WORK
Work=Rate×Time
👉 Trick:
• 1 day work = 1/x
• Add rates
________________________________________
⚡️ 7. TIME, SPEED, DISTANCE
Speed=Distance/ Time
👉 Trick:
• km/hr → m/s = ×5/18
________________________________________
⚡️ 8. RATIO
• a : b = a/b
👉 Multiply both sides equally
________________________________________
⚡️ 9. AVERAGE
Average=Sum/n
👉 Trick:
• Change ÷ n
________________________________________
⚡️ 10. SERIES
• Sum = n(n+1)/2
• Squares = n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
• Cubes = (n(n+1)/2)²
👉 Always cancel first
________________________________________
⚡️ 11. MENSURATION
🔵 Circle
• Area = πr²
• Perimeter = 2πr
🔵 Cylinder
• Volume = πr²h
🔵 Cone
• Volume = 1/3 πr²h
🔵 Sphere ⭐️
• Volume = 4/3 πr³
• Surface Area = 4πr²

IT IMPORTANT SECTIONS

🟥 Section 43

👉 Unauthorized access, downloading data
✔️ Penalty: Compensation

🟥 Section 65

👉 Tampering with computer source code

🟥 Section 66 ⭐️ (MOST IMPORTANT)

👉 Computer-related offences (hacking)

🟥 Section 66B

👉 Receiving stolen computer resource

🟥 Section 66C

👉 Identity theft (password misuse)

🟥 Section 66D

👉 Online cheating / fraud

🟥 Section 66E

👉 Violation of privacy (photos/videos)

🟥 Section 66F ⭐️

👉 Cyber Terrorism

🟥 Section 67 ⭐️

👉 Publishing obscene content online

🟥 Section 67A

👉 Sexually explicit content

🟥 Section 67B

👉 Child pornography

🚫 IMPORTANT CASE

👉 Section 66A

Related to offensive messages
❌ Struck down by Supreme Court (2015)
🏛 AMENDMENT
🔹 IT Amendment Act, 2008

👉 Added:

More cyber crimes
Data protection
Cyber terrorism (66F)


🧠 QUICK REVISION (1 MIN)
2000 → IT Act started
2008 → Amendment
66 → Hacking
66C → Identity theft
66D → Online fraud
66F → Cyber terrorism
67 → Obscene content
66A → ❌ Removed

Nobel Prize Quick Revision (2024 & 2025)

🟥Physics
2024: John J. Hopfield, Geoffrey Hinton → Neural networks & machine learning

2025: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, John M. Martinis → Quantum tunnelling & energy quantisation

👉 Shift: AI physics → Quantum circuits

🟥Chemistry
2024: David Baker (protein design), Demis Hassabis & John Jumper (AI protein prediction)

2025: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, Omar M. Yaghi → Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

👉 Shift: AI-driven biology → Molecular frameworks

🟥Medicine
2024: Victor Ambros, Gary Ruvkun → microRNA gene regulation

2025: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, Shimon Sakaguchi → Peripheral immune tolerance

👉 Shift: Gene regulation → Immune tolerance

🟥Literature
2024: Han Kang (South Korea) → Trauma & fragility of human life

2025: László Krasznahorkai (Hungary) → Visionary apocalyptic art

👉 Both: Existential, humanistic themes

🟥Peace
2024: Nihon Hidankyo (Japan, Hibakusha movement) → Anti-nuclear activism

2025: María Corina Machado (Venezuela) → Democracy activism

👉 Both: Human rights & resistance

🟥Economics
2024: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, James A. Robinson → Institutions & prosperity

2025: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt → Growth theory & creative destruction

👉 Shift: Institutions → Growth models

FIVE YEAR PLANS IN INDIA

🔹 What is it?
👉 Government planning for economic development (5 years)
👉 Started in 1951
👉 Based on Soviet Model of Planning

📊 LIST OF FIVE YEAR PLANS

🟢 1st Plan (1951–1956)
Focus: Agriculture, Irrigation
Success plan
👉 Based on Harrod-Domar Model

🟢 2nd Plan (1956–1961)
Focus: Industrialization
👉 Based on P. C. Mahalanobis Model

🟢 3rd Plan (1961–1966)
Focus: Self-reliance, Agriculture
👉 Failed due to wars & drought
🔴 PLAN HOLIDAY (1966–1969)
No plans → 3 Annual Plans

🟢 4th Plan (1969–1974)
Growth + Stability

🟢 5th Plan (1974–1979)
Garibi Hatao (Poverty removal)
👉 Terminated early
🔴 ROLLING PLAN (1978–1980)
Introduced by Morarji Desai Govt

🟢 6th Plan (1980–1985)
Poverty removal + Technology

🟢 7th Plan (1985–1990)
Employment, Productivity
🔴 PLAN HOLIDAY (1990–1992)
Economic crisis

🟢 8th Plan (1992–1997)
Economic reforms (Liberalization)

🟢 9th Plan (1997–2002)
Growth + Social justice

🟢 10th Plan (2002–2007)
Growth target: 8%

🟢 11th Plan (2007–2012)
“Inclusive Growth”

🟢 12th Plan (2012–2017)
“Faster, Sustainable Growth”
👉 Last Five Year Plan

END OF FIVE YEAR PLANS
👉 Replaced by:
➡️ NITI Aayog (2015)
👉 Plans officially ended in 2017

National human rights commission chairman :Justice V. Ramasubramanian

state human rights commission chairman of kerala:Justice Alexander Thomas

cheif election commissioner of india:Gyanesh Kumar

kerala state election commissioner : K. G. Sanalkumar succeeding A. Shajahan

chief information commissioner of india:Shri Raj Kumar Goyal

chief information commissioner of kerala:V. Hari Nair

Chairperson of the Kerala State Women's Commission :Adv. P. Satheedevi

Chairman of the 7th Kerala State Finance Commission" :Dr. K.N. Harilal
Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission of India: Dr. Arvind Panagariya

KERALA COUNCIL OF MINISTERS (2021– )
👑 Chief Minister
Pinarayi Vijayan
👉 Home, IT, Vigilance, Administration

⚡️ IMPORTANT MINISTERS (REMEMBER THESE)
K. N. Balagopal → Finance
P. A. Mohammed Riyas → Public Works & Tourism
Veena George → Health, Women & Child Welfare
M. B. Rajesh → Local Self Govt, Excise, Parliamentary Affairs
P. Prasad → Agriculture
G. R. Anil → Food & Civil Supplies
R. Bindu → Higher Education & Social Justice


🚗 OTHER IMPORTANT PORTFOLIOS
K. B. Ganesh Kumar → Transport
A. K. Saseendran → Forest & Wildlife
Roshy Augustine → Water Resources
V. N. Vasavan → Ports, Co-operation, Devaswom
V. Abdurahiman → Sports, Wakf, Haj, Railways
Ramachandran Kadannappalli → Registration, Museums
O. R. Kelu → SC/ST & Backward Classes Welfare

🔴 Degree Prelims Exam – Phase 1

The answer key discussion live session will begin shortly on the KASMENTOR YouTube channel.

JOIN NOW

DEGREE PRELIMS : PHASE 1 QUESTION PAPER

AUDIO CLASS

കേരളത്തിലെ പ്രധാന നദികൾ: അവയുടെ സാമ്പത്തിക പ്രാധാന്യം എന്താണെന്നും ഇതിലൂടെ ലളിതമായി മനസ്സിലാക്കാം.

കേരള പിഎസ്‌സിയുടെ ഡിഗ്രി പ്രിലിംസ് 2026 ഒന്നാം ഘട്ട പരീക്ഷ പൂർത്തിയായിരിക്കുകയാണ്. ഈ പരീക്ഷയുടെ ചോദ്യപേപ്പർ ആഴത്തിൽ വിശകലനം ചെയ്തുകൊണ്ട് അനൂപ് സാർ തയ്യാറാക്കിയ പ്രത്യേക വീഡിയോ ആണിത്.
ഈ വീഡിയോയിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്:

✅ ഒന്നാം ഘട്ട ചോദ്യപേപ്പറിന്റെ വിശദമായ വിശകലനം.

✅ ചോദ്യങ്ങളുടെ കാഠിന്യം (Difficulty Level) എത്രത്തോളമുണ്ട് ?

✅ സിലബസിലെ ഏതൊക്കെ ഭാഗങ്ങൾക്കാണ് കൂടുതൽ പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത് ?

✅ വരാനിരിക്കുന്ന രണ്ടാം ഘട്ട (മെയ്‌ 16), മൂന്നാം ഘട്ട (ജൂൺ 6) പരീക്ഷകളിൽ നിങ്ങൾ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കേണ്ട പ്രധാന ടോപ്പിക്കുകൾ.

ഇനിയുള്ള ദിവസങ്ങൾ ഫലപ്രദമായി വിനിയോഗിക്കാനും സിലബസിലെ നിർണ്ണായക ഭാഗങ്ങൾ കണ്ടെത്തി പഠിക്കാനും ഈ വിശകലനം നിങ്ങളെ സഹായിക്കും. അടുത്ത ഘട്ടങ്ങളിൽ പരീക്ഷ എഴുതുന്നവർ ഈ വീഡിയോ പൂർണ്ണമായും കാണുക.

വീഡിയോ ഉടൻ വരും....

https://youtu.be/Cq2TbrON1fU

This video will be very helpful in understanding the pattern, identifying where mistakes may have occurred, and guiding those who are preparing for Stage 2 and Stage 3.

If you feel confident in your preparation, you may also consider using the link provided at the end to join the Mains batch.