class Calculator {
  constructor(value) {
    this.value = value;
  }
  
  add(num) {
    this.value += num;
    return this;
  }
  
  getValue = () => this.value;
}

const calc = new Calculator(10);
const addMethod = calc.add;
const getValueMethod = calc.getValue;

addMethod.call({value: 5}, 3);
console.log(calc.getValue());
console.log(getValueMethod());

const wm = new WeakMap();
const obj1 = { name: 'Sarah' };
const obj2 = { name: 'Mike' };

wm.set(obj1, 'developer');
wm.set(obj2, 'designer');

console.log(wm.get(obj1));
console.log(wm.has(obj2));
console.log(wm.get({ name: 'Sarah' }));
console.log(wm.delete(obj1));
console.log(wm.has(obj1));

const cache = new Map();

function memoize(fn) {
  return function(...args) {
    const key = JSON.stringify(args);
    if (cache.has(key)) {
      return cache.get(key);
    }
    const result = fn(...args);
    cache.set(key, result);
    return result;
  };
}

const fibonacci = memoize((n) => {
  if (n <= 1) return n;
  return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
});

console.log(fibonacci(5));
console.log(cache.size);

class CustomError extends Error {
  constructor(message) {
    super(message);
    this.name = this.constructor.name;
  }
}

try {
  throw new CustomError("Something went wrong");
} catch (error) {
  console.log(error.name);
  console.log(error instanceof Error);
  console.log(error instanceof CustomError);
  console.log(typeof error.stack);
}

function createUser(name = 'Guest', age = 0, active = true) {
  return { name, age, active };
}

const users = [
  createUser('Sarah', 25),
  createUser('Mike'),
  createUser('Emma', undefined, false),
  createUser(null, 30)
];

console.log(users.map(u => `${u.name}-${u.age}-${u.active}`).join('|'));

const user = {
  name: 'Sarah',
  age: 25,
  greet() {
    return `Hello, I'm ${this.name}`;
  }
};

const keys = Object.keys(user);
const values = Object.values(user);
const entries = Object.entries(user);

console.log(keys.length);
console.log(values.includes('Sarah'));
console.log(entries[2][0]);

const user = {
  name: 'Sarah',
  profile: {
    settings: {
      theme: 'dark'
    }
  }
};

const config = {
  name: 'John',
  profile: null
};

console.log(user.profile?.settings?.theme);
console.log(config.profile?.settings?.theme);
console.log(user.profile?.preferences?.language);
console.log(config.profile?.settings?.theme ?? 'light');