IELTS with kurbonov
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IELTS -7.5
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Establish dietary patterns means to form consistent, long-term habits of eating and drinking that shape how, what, and when people consume food.



Simple definition

Establish dietary patterns = develop regular, long-term eating habits



Common contexts
• Childhood nutrition and development
• Public health and obesity prevention
• Advertising and consumer behavior
• Family influence and parental guidance
• School meals and nutrition education



Examples in sentences
Children tend to establish dietary patterns early in life, often influenced by family and advertising.
Frequent consumption of fast food can establish unhealthy dietary patterns that persist into adulthood.
Schools play a key role in helping students establish balanced dietary patterns.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Exposure to televised fast-food advertisements can encourage children to establish dietary patterns centered on calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
If parents do not intervene, young people may establish unhealthy dietary patterns that increase their risk of obesity and chronic disease.
Nutrition education in schools is essential to help children establish healthier dietary patterns and reduce the influence of persuasive marketing.



Useful collocations
Establish healthy / unhealthy dietary patterns
Help children establish dietary patterns
Early-established dietary patterns
Establish long-term dietary patterns



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

*Because dietary habits formed in childhood often persist into adulthood, it is crucial for both parents and governments to intervene
Intervene means to become involved in a situation in order to change, stop, or improve it, especially when there is a problem or risk.



Simple definition

Intervene = step in to take action and change a situation



Common contexts
Health & public policy: governments intervening to reduce obesity
Education: teachers intervening to support struggling students
Parenting: parents intervening to limit screen time
Economics: authorities intervening in markets
Environment: agencies intervening to protect ecosystems



Examples in sentences
Governments must intervene to regulate misleading food advertising aimed at children.
Teachers often intervene when students fall behind academically.
Environmental organizations may intervene to stop illegal deforestation.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
To curb rising obesity rates, governments should intervene by restricting advertisements that promote calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
If parents do not intervene early, unhealthy eating habits formed in childhood may persist into adulthood.
Public authorities may need to intervene when market forces fail to protect consumers or the environment.



Useful collocations
Intervene early / directly / decisively
Intervene to address / prevent / reduce / regulate
Government / parental / institutional intervention



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While personal responsibility is important, effective public health outcomes often require the state to intervene through education, regulation, and fiscal measures.

If you want, I can show how to use intervene in an IELTS Task 2 paragraph about advertising, childhood obesity, or public policy.
“Calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods” refers to foods that contain a high number of calories (energy) but provide little or no essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, or protein.



Simple definition

Calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods = high in calories but low in nutritional value



Common examples
• Sugary drinks and sodas
• Fast food (burgers, fries, fried chicken)
• Processed snacks (chips, biscuits, candies)
• Highly sweetened cereals and pastries



Common contexts
• Public health and obesity
• Childhood nutrition and school meals
• Advertising and consumer behavior
• Diet-related diseases (diabetes, heart disease)



Examples in sentences
Frequent consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods increases the risk of obesity.
Many televised fast-food advertisements promote calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods to children.
Attractive packaging and cartoon characters often make calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods more appealing to young consumers.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
The global prevalence of obesity is closely linked to the widespread availability of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
The repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing encourages frequent consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, distorting children’s long-term eating habits.
To improve public health, governments should regulate advertising that promotes calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods and strengthen nutrition education in schools.



Useful collocations
Frequent consumption of calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods
Promote / market calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods
Reduce reliance on calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods
Replace calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods with healthier alternatives



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

Although calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods are convenient and inexpensive, their overconsumption undermines public health and places a long-term burden on healthcare systems.
Diet-related factors refer to aspects of food intake and eating behavior that influence health, well-being, or disease risk, such as the type of food consumed, portion sizes, frequency of consumption, and overall dietary patterns.



Simple definition

Diet-related factors = food and eating patterns that affect health



Common examples
• High sugar intake
• Excessive salt consumption
• Frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods
• Low intake of fruits and vegetables
• Portion sizes and eating frequency
• Cultural and lifestyle eating habits



Common contexts
• Public health and nutrition
• Obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
• Advertising and consumer behavior
• School meals and nutrition education



Examples in sentences
Diet-related factors are among the leading contributors to rising obesity rates worldwide.
Frequent consumption of fast food is a key diet-related factor linked to poor health outcomes.
Public health campaigns often target diet-related factors such as sugar and fat intake.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Many chronic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, are strongly influenced by diet-related factors.
The global prevalence of obesity is closely associated with diet-related factors such as high sugar intake and frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Televised fast-food advertisements exacerbate harmful diet-related factors by encouraging children to adopt unhealthy long-term eating habits.



Useful collocations
Harmful / unhealthy diet-related factors
Key / major diet-related factors
Address / reduce diet-related factors
Diet-related factors contributing to obesity / disease



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While genetics play a role in health, diet-related factors are largely modifiable, meaning better nutrition education and stricter advertising regulations could significantly reduce lifestyle-related diseases.
Diet-related factors refer to aspects of food intake and eating behavior that influence health, well-being, or disease risk, such as the type of food consumed, portion sizes, frequency of consumption, and overall dietary patterns.



Simple definition

Diet-related factors = food and eating patterns that affect health



Common examples
• High sugar intake
• Excessive salt consumption
• Frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods
• Low intake of fruits and vegetables
• Portion sizes and eating frequency
• Cultural and lifestyle eating habits



Common contexts
• Public health and nutrition
• Obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
• Advertising and consumer behavior
• School meals and nutrition education



Examples in sentences
Diet-related factors are among the leading contributors to rising obesity rates worldwide.
Frequent consumption of fast food is a key diet-related factor linked to poor health outcomes.
Public health campaigns often target diet-related factors such as sugar and fat intake.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Many chronic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, are strongly influenced by diet-related factors.
The global prevalence of obesity is closely associated with diet-related factors such as high sugar intake and frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Televised fast-food advertisements exacerbate harmful diet-related factors by encouraging children to adopt unhealthy long-term eating habits.



Useful collocations
Harmful / unhealthy diet-related factors
Key / major diet-related factors
Address / reduce diet-related factors
Diet-related factors contributing to obesity / disease



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While genetics play a role in health, diet-related factors are largely modifiable, meaning better nutrition education and stricter advertising regulations could significantly reduce lifestyle-related diseases.
Diet-related factors refer to aspects of food intake and eating behavior that influence health, well-being, or disease risk, such as the type of food consumed, portion sizes, frequency of consumption, and overall dietary patterns.



Simple definition

Diet-related factors = food and eating patterns that affect health



Common examples
• High sugar intake
• Excessive salt consumption
• Frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods
• Low intake of fruits and vegetables
• Portion sizes and eating frequency
• Cultural and lifestyle eating habits



Common contexts
• Public health and nutrition
• Obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
• Advertising and consumer behavior
• School meals and nutrition education



Examples in sentences
Diet-related factors are among the leading contributors to rising obesity rates worldwide.
Frequent consumption of fast food is a key diet-related factor linked to poor health outcomes.
Public health campaigns often target diet-related factors such as sugar and fat intake.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Many chronic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, are strongly influenced by diet-related factors.
The global prevalence of obesity is closely associated with diet-related factors such as high sugar intake and frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Televised fast-food advertisements exacerbate harmful diet-related factors by encouraging children to adopt unhealthy long-term eating habits.



Useful collocations
Harmful / unhealthy diet-related factors
Key / major diet-related factors
Address / reduce diet-related factors
Diet-related factors contributing to obesity / disease



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While genetics play a role in health, diet-related factors are largely modifiable, meaning better nutrition education and stricter advertising regulations could significantly reduce lifestyle-related diseases.
To be bombarded with means to be exposed to a large amount of something repeatedly and often overwhelming, usually information, messages, advertisements, or requests.



Simple definition

To be bombarded with = to receive something constantly and in large amounts



Common contexts
• Advertising (ads, marketing messages)
• Media and social media (notifications, news, content)
• Information overload (emails, messages, data)
• Consumer culture (promotions, branding)



Examples in sentences
Children are often bombarded with fast-food advertisements on television and social media.
Consumers are bombarded with promotional emails every day.
People today are constantly bombarded with information from digital platforms.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Due to the repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing, children are frequently bombarded with unhealthy food advertisements.
Young people are increasingly bombarded with digital content, which can undermine their ability to concentrate and evaluate persuasive messages critically.
Being bombarded with attractive packaging and cartoon characters can encourage frequent consumption of unhealthy snacks and shape long-term eating habits.



Useful collocations
Be constantly / continuously / relentlessly bombarded with…
Bombarded with advertisements / messages / notifications / images
Bombarded with persuasive marketing



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

When children are bombarded with fast-food advertisements, it becomes much harder for parental guidance and nutrition education to promote healthy long-term eating habits.

If you want, I can integrate this phrase into a Band 9 IELTS Task 2 paragraph with televised fast-food advertisements, attractive packaging, cartoon characters, frequent consumption, and long-term eating habits.
“The repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing” refers to the way fast-food companies repeatedly use powerful advertising techniques to influence people’s attitudes, preferences, and consumption patterns over time.



Meaning in simple terms

This phrase highlights two key features of fast-food marketing:
1. Repetitive – advertisements are shown frequently and consistently.
2. Persuasive – they use emotional appeal, attractive visuals, catchy slogans, and cartoon characters to influence behavior.

Together, they create a strong and lasting impact on consumers, especially children.



What this phrase implies

It suggests that fast-food marketing:
• Normalizes frequent consumption of unhealthy foods
• Shapes long-term eating habits
• Makes unhealthy choices seem appealing and acceptable
• Can undermine efforts to promote healthy diets



Examples in sentences
The repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing makes it difficult for children to resist unhealthy foods.
Due to the repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing, many young people develop a preference for high-calorie meals.
Parents and educators must counteract the repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing through nutrition education.



IELTS-style (Band 8–9) sentences
The repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing can distort children’s long-term eating habits by normalizing frequent consumption of unhealthy foods.
Despite public health campaigns, the repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing continues to undermine efforts to promote balanced dietary habits.
• *Regulating the repetitive and persuasive nature of fast-food marketing is essential to protect children from manipulative advertising and reduce obesity
Undermine means to weaken, damage, or make something less effective, often gradually or indirectly.



Simple definition

Undermine = weaken or damage (often slowly or subtly)



Common contexts
Health: undermine well-being or healthy habits
Education: undermine learning or academic standards
Trust & authority: undermine confidence in institutions
Culture & society: undermine traditions or community cohesion
Policy & regulation: undermine effectiveness of laws



Examples in sentences
Excessive sugar consumption can undermine children’s health.
Lack of funding may undermine the quality of education.
Misinformation can undermine public trust in science.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Televised fast food advertisements may undermine efforts to promote healthy long-term eating habits among children.
Without strong parental guidance, persuasive marketing strategies can undermine young people’s ability to make informed choices.
Commercialization of sacred sites risks undermining their cultural and spiritual significance.



Useful collocations
Undermine trust / confidence / authority / standards / effectiveness
Seriously / gradually undermine
Risk of undermining…



Speaking tip

To sound more analytical:

Although advertising can stimulate economic activity, it may simultaneously undermine public health by encouraging frequent consumption of unhealthy foods.

If you want, I can show how to use undermine in an IELTS Task 2 paragraph (e.g., advertising, education, or culture topics).
Parental guidance refers to the support, supervision, advice, and influence that parents provide to their children in shaping their behavior, values, decisions, and development.



Simple definition

Parental guidance = advice, supervision, and direction given by parents to their children



Common contexts
• Childhood education and learning
• Media use and screen time
• Dietary habits and lifestyle choices
• Moral and social development
• Consumer behavior and advertising



Examples in sentences
Parental guidance plays a crucial role in shaping children’s long-term eating habits.
With strong parental guidance, children are better able to evaluate persuasive messages in advertising.
Many parents provide parental guidance on appropriate internet use and screen time.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Effective parental guidance can reduce the influence of televised fast food advertisements on children’s food preferences.
Even when marketing is heavily regulated, parental guidance remains essential in helping children distinguish between healthy and unhealthy choices.
Lack of parental guidance may lead children to adopt frequent consumption of sugary snacks as normal behavior.



Useful collocations
Provide / offer / strengthen parental guidance
Lack of parental guidance
Strong / effective parental guidance
Parental guidance on diet / media use / behavior



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While governments can regulate advertising, parental guidance is ultimately the most powerful factor in shaping children’s values, dietary habits, and ability to resist persuasive marketing.

If you want, I can integrate parental guidance into a Band 9 IELTS paragraph with televised fast food advertisements, attractive packaging, cartoon characters, evaluating persuasive messages, and long-term eating habits.
Parental guidance refers to the support, supervision, advice, and influence that parents provide to their children in shaping their behavior, values, decisions, and development.



Simple definition

Parental guidance = advice, supervision, and direction given by parents to their children



Common contexts
• Childhood education and learning
• Media use and screen time
• Dietary habits and lifestyle choices
• Moral and social development
• Consumer behavior and advertising



Examples in sentences
Parental guidance plays a crucial role in shaping children’s long-term eating habits.
With strong parental guidance, children are better able to evaluate persuasive messages in advertising.
Many parents provide parental guidance on appropriate internet use and screen time.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Effective parental guidance can reduce the influence of televised fast food advertisements on children’s food preferences.
Even when marketing is heavily regulated, parental guidance remains essential in helping children distinguish between healthy and unhealthy choices.
Lack of parental guidance may lead children to adopt frequent consumption of sugary snacks as normal behavior.



Useful collocations
Provide / offer / strengthen parental guidance
Lack of parental guidance
Strong / effective parental guidance
Parental guidance on diet / media use / behavior



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While governments can regulate advertising, parental guidance is ultimately the most powerful factor in shaping children’s values, dietary habits, and ability to resist persuasive marketing.

If you want, I can integrate parental guidance into a Band 9 IELTS paragraph with televised fast food advertisements, attractive packaging, cartoon characters, evaluating persuasive messages, and long-term eating habits.
Adopt something as something else means to accept, take up, or use something in a new role, purpose, or identity that is different from its original function or meaning.



Simple definition

Adopt something as something else = use or accept something in a different role or meaning



Common contexts
Culture & identity: adopting foreign customs as local traditions
Education & policy: adopting a method as a standard practice
Technology & media: adopting a tool as a learning resource
Food & lifestyle: adopting fast food as a daily norm



Examples in sentences
Many societies have adopted foreign dishes as part of their national cuisine.
Schools have adopted tablets as primary learning tools instead of textbooks.
Some communities have adopted tourism as their main source of income.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Globalization has led many cultures to adopt Western eating habits as a lifestyle norm, often at the expense of traditional diets.
Some parents have adopted televised entertainment as a substitute for direct interaction with their children.
In the digital era, many institutions have adopted online platforms as their primary mode of communication and learning.



Useful collocations
Adopt X as a standard / norm / solution / alternative / strategy
Gradually / widely adopt something as…
Formally adopt something as…



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

When societies adopt convenience foods as a routine part of daily life, this can reshape long-term eating habits and increase frequent consumption of unhealthy products.

If you want, I can show how to use this phrase in an IELTS Task 2 paragraph (e.g., advertising, education, or culture topics).
Televised fast food advertisements refer to commercials for fast-food products broadcast on television, designed to promote brands and influence viewers’ food choices, often through appealing visuals, music, and persuasive techniques.



Simple definition

Televised fast food advertisements = TV commercials that promote fast food



Common contexts
• Marketing and consumer behavior
• Childhood nutrition and public health
• Media influence and advertising ethics
• Regulation of advertising to children



Examples in sentences
Televised fast food advertisements often use bright colors, catchy music, and cartoon characters to attract young viewers.
Many parents worry that televised fast food advertisements encourage unhealthy dietary habits in children.
Regulating televised fast food advertisements during children’s programming is widely debated by policymakers.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Televised fast food advertisements can stimulate frequent consumption of unhealthy foods, particularly among children and adolescents.
The persuasive techniques used in televised fast food advertisements may distort children’s long-term eating habits by normalizing high-calorie diets.
Teaching young people to critically evaluate persuasive messages can reduce the influence of televised fast food advertisements on their food choices.



Useful collocations
Regulate / restrict televised fast food advertisements
Exposure to televised fast food advertisements
Targeted televised fast food advertisements (aimed at children)



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

Although televised fast food advertisements boost corporate profits, they can undermine public health by encouraging frequent consumption of unhealthy foods and shaping poor long-term eating habits in children.

If you want, I can now integrate this phrase into a Band 9 IELTS Task 2 paragraph with attractive packaging, cartoon characters, evaluating persuasive messages, frequent consumption, and long-term eating habits.
Long-term eating habits refer to the consistent patterns of food and drink consumption that people maintain over an extended period of time, which shape their health, lifestyle, and well-being.



Simple definition

Long-term eating habits = regular food choices that people follow over many years



Common contexts
• Health and nutrition
• Childhood development and education
• Advertising and consumer behavior
• Public health policy
• Culture and lifestyle



Examples in sentences
Childhood nutrition strongly influences long-term eating habits in adulthood.
Family traditions often shape people’s long-term eating habits.
Exposure to fast food from a young age can negatively affect long-term eating habits.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Frequent consumption of sugary snacks in childhood can establish unhealthy long-term eating habits that persist into adulthood.
Attractive packaging and cartoon characters may shape children’s preferences and distort their long-term eating habits.
Teaching young people to critically evaluate persuasive messages in advertising can help them develop healthier long-term eating habits.



Useful collocations
Develop / form / shape long-term eating habits
Unhealthy / balanced / sustainable long-term eating habits
Influence long-term eating habits



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While convenience foods are widely available, schools and parents should prioritize nutrition education to ensure children develop healthy long-term eating habits rather than being swayed by marketing tactics.

If you want, I can now write a Band 9 IELTS paragraph linking long-term eating habits, frequent consumption, attractive packaging, cartoon characters, and evaluating persuasive messages.
Frequent consumption refers to eating, drinking, or using something regularly or repeatedly over a short period of time, often to a degree that may have health, environmental, or social consequences.



Simple definition

Frequent consumption = using or eating something very often



Common contexts
Diet and health: sugar, fast food, ultra-processed foods, alcohol
Consumer behavior: disposable products, single-use plastics
Media and advertising: digital content, social media
Environment: resource use, waste generation



Examples in sentences
Frequent consumption of sugary drinks is linked to obesity and dental problems.
Frequent consumption of fast food can negatively affect long-term health.
Attractive packaging and cartoon characters may encourage frequent consumption among children.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Frequent consumption of ultra-processed foods has been associated with rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Marketing strategies such as attractive packaging and the use of cartoon characters can stimulate frequent consumption, particularly among young consumers.
Educating children to evaluate persuasive messages can help reduce frequent consumption of unhealthy snacks.



Useful collocations
Frequent consumption of junk food / sugar / alcohol / processed foods
Encourage / reduce frequent consumption
Patterns of frequent consumption



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

Although convenience foods are widely available, frequent consumption of these products can harm both individual health and the environment due to high levels of sugar, additives, and packaging waste.

If you want, I can integrate frequent consumption into an IELTS Task 2 paragraph with attractive packaging, cartoon characters, dietary habits, and evaluating persuasive messages.
Evaluate persuasive messages means to critically analyze and judge the effectiveness, credibility, and intent of messages designed to influence people’s beliefs, attitudes, or behavior (e.g., in advertising, politics, or media).



Simple definition

Evaluate persuasive messages = carefully assess how and why a message tries to influence people



What it involves

When you evaluate persuasive messages, you typically consider:
Purpose – What is the message trying to achieve? (sell, convince, persuade, manipulate?)
Techniques used – emotion, logic, authority, fear, humor, repetition, attractive packaging, cartoon characters, etc.
Target audience – Who is the message aimed at (children, adults, consumers, voters)?
Credibility – Is the information accurate, biased, or misleading?
Impact – How might it affect attitudes, decisions, or behavior (e.g., dietary habits)?



Examples in sentences
Students should learn how to evaluate persuasive messages in advertising and social media.
Being able to evaluate persuasive messages helps consumers avoid manipulation by marketing strategies.
Children often struggle to evaluate persuasive messages, which is why regulations on advertising are important.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
The ability to evaluate persuasive messages is a crucial critical-thinking skill in an era dominated by digital advertising and social media.
Teaching young people to evaluate persuasive messages can reduce the influence of misleading marketing, such as the use of cartoon characters on unhealthy food packaging.
Consumers who can evaluate persuasive messages are less likely to be swayed by attractive packaging and more likely to make informed choices.



Useful collocations
Critically evaluate persuasive messages
Learn to evaluate persuasive messages
Ability to evaluate persuasive messages
Evaluate persuasive messages in advertising / media / politics



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

If people are taught to critically evaluate persuasive messages, they are better equipped to resist manipulation, make informed decisions, and maintain healthier dietary habits.

If you
Cartoon characters are fictional figures created through drawings, animation, or digital design, often with exaggerated features and personalities, used in films, television, comics, advertising, or branding.



Simple definition

Cartoon characters = drawn or animated fictional figures



Common contexts
• Children’s entertainment (TV shows, films, comics)
• Education and learning materials
• Advertising and product branding
• Digital media, games, and animation



Examples in sentences
Cartoon characters can make educational content more engaging for children.
Many brands use cartoon characters to create friendly and memorable identities.
Colorful cartoon characters are often used on food packaging to attract young consumers.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
The use of cartoon characters in advertising can strongly influence children’s preferences and purchasing requests.
While cartoon characters make learning more enjoyable, excessive exposure to screen-based animation may reduce children’s attention span.
Ethically, companies should avoid using cartoon characters to promote unhealthy foods to young audiences.



Useful collocations
Popular / iconic cartoon characters
Colorful / friendly cartoon characters
Cartoon characters on packaging / in advertising



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

Although cartoon characters can enhance creativity and engagement, their use in marketing—especially on food packaging—should be regulated to prevent the manipulation of children’s dietary habits.

If you want, I can help you **use this
Attractive packaging refers to the visual design and presentation of a product’s container or wrapping that is intended to catch attention, appeal to consumers, and encourage purchase. It often combines aesthetics, branding, and marketing psychology.



Simple definition

Attractive packaging = visually appealing product wrapping designed to draw customers in



Common contexts
• Marketing and advertising
• Consumer behavior
• Food and retail industries
• Branding and product design
• Sustainability debates (over-packaging vs. eco-friendly packaging)



Examples in sentences
Attractive packaging can make a product stand out on crowded supermarket shelves.
Many companies use bright colors and creative designs to create attractive packaging.
Attractive packaging often influences impulse buying, especially among younger consumers.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Attractive packaging can significantly shape consumer choices, sometimes even outweighing product quality.
While attractive packaging may boost sales, excessive packaging can contribute to waste accumulation and environmental degradation.
Companies should balance attractive packaging with sustainability to avoid misleading consumers and harming the environment.



Useful collocations
Visually attractive packaging
Eye-catching / appealing packaging
Sustainable yet attractive packaging
Attractive packaging design



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

Although attractive packaging is an effective marketing tool, consumers should be encouraged to prioritize product quality and sustainability over visual appeal.
Infringe on means to violate, limit, or encroach upon someone’s rights, freedoms, privacy, or space, often in a way that is unfair or inappropriate.



Simple definition

Infringe on = unfairly interfere with or violate



Common contexts
Rights & freedoms: privacy, free speech, religious rights
Personal space: boundaries, autonomy
Culture & traditions: sacred practices, heritage
Law & policy: legal or constitutional rights



Examples in sentences
Strict surveillance laws may infringe on people’s right to privacy.
Unregulated tourism can infringe on the sanctity of sacred sites.
Mandatory dietary policies in schools should not infringe on cultural or religious food practices.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Excessive government monitoring risks infringing on civil liberties and individual privacy.
The influx of tourists can infringe on local communities’ cultural practices if not managed responsibly.
Commercial exploitation of local craft may infringe on the rights of cultural practitioners.



Useful collocations
Infringe on rights / freedoms / privacy / traditions / cultural practices
Risk / tend to infringe on
Severely / significantly infringe on



Speaking tip

To sound more academic:

Policies aimed at economic development should not infringe on cultural heritage or the autonomy of local communities.

If you want, I can give you synonyms (e.g., violate, encroach upon, impinge on) or show how to use this phrase in IELTS Writing Task 2.
Dietary habits refer to the regular patterns of food and drink consumption that individuals or groups follow, shaped by culture, lifestyle, health awareness, availability, and socio-economic factors.



Simple definition

Dietary habits = the typical way people eat and drink



Common contexts
• Health and nutrition
• Culture and traditions
• Education and public policy
• Lifestyle, urbanization, and globalization



Examples in sentences
Traditional dietary habits often reflect local climate, agriculture, and cultural values.
Sedentary lifestyles and fast food have altered many people’s dietary habits in urban areas.
Nutrition education can help people develop healthier dietary habits.



IELTS-style sentences (Band 8–9)
Globalization has significantly influenced dietary habits, leading to increased consumption of processed foods in many countries.
Unhealthy dietary habits are closely linked to rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Preserving traditional dietary habits can contribute to cultural heritage while promoting balanced and sustainable nutrition.



Useful collocations
Healthy / unhealthy dietary habits
Traditional / modern dietary habits
Change / improve / maintain dietary habits
Influence dietary habits



Speaking tip

To sound analytical:

While modern lifestyles have made convenience foods more accessible, maintaining balanced dietary habits is essential for long-term health and well-being.

If you want, I can now give you