Lesson 8
I’m running late
Meaning: I don’t have enough time; I’ll be late.
Farsi: دیرم شده
Sentence: “Sorry, I’m running late for class.”
I’m scrambling
Meaning: Rushing, trying quickly to do something.
Farsi: دستپاچه هستم / با عجله کار میکنم
Sentence: “I was scrambling to finish my homework before the deadline.”
Punctual
Meaning: Always on time.
Farsi: وقتشناس
Sentence: “She is very punctual and never arrives late.”
I’m often in a hurry
Meaning: I’m usually rushing.
Farsi: اغلب عجله دارم
Sentence: “I’m often in a hurry in the mornings.”
On time
Meaning: Exactly at the correct time.
Farsi: سر وقت
Sentence: “The train arrived on time.”
In time
Meaning: Early enough, before it’s too late.
Farsi: به موقع
Sentence: “I got to the station just in time to catch the bus.”
Took so long
Meaning: Needed a lot of time.
Farsi: خیلی طول کشید
Sentence: “The movie took so long to finish.”
Take my time
Meaning: Do something slowly, not in a hurry.
Farsi: با آرامش / عجله نکردن
Sentence: “I like to take my time when I cook.”
Save time
Meaning: Make something quicker, use less time.
Farsi: صرفهجویی در زمان
Sentence: “Using a washing machine saves time.”
Time-consuming
Meaning: Needs a lot of time.
Farsi: زمانبر
Sentence: “Learning a new language can be time-consuming.”
Spend time
Meaning: Use time doing something.
Farsi: وقت گذراندن
Sentence: “I love to spend time with my family.”
Lose track of time
Meaning: Forget about time passing.
Farsi: گذر زمان را فراموش کردن
Sentence: “I lost track of time while playing video games.”
Divide time (I think you meant this, not “deride time”)
Meaning: Share your time between different things.
Farsi: تقسیم کردن زمان
Sentence: “I try to divide my time between work and study.”
🏺 History & Archaeology Words
Artifacts
Meaning: Objects made by people in the past.
Farsi: آثار باستانی / دستساختههای تاریخی
Sentence: “The museum has ancient artifacts from Egypt.”
Anxious
Meaning: Worried or nervous.
Farsi: نگران / مضطرب
Sentence: “She was anxious about the exam.”
Frenzy
Meaning: Great excitement or uncontrolled activity.
Farsi: هیجان / آشفتگی شدید
Sentence: “There was a frenzy at the store on Black Friday.”
Frenzy of activity
Meaning: A lot of busy actions at once.
Farsi: شور و شوق / فعالیت شدید
Sentence: “The kitchen was a frenzy of activity before the wedding.”
Gaze
Meaning: Look steadily.
Farsi: خیره نگاه کردن
Sentence: “He gazed at the stars in the sky.”
Era
Meaning: A long, distinct period of history.
Farsi: دوره / عصر
Sentence: “The Victorian era was full of change.”
The Middle Ages
Meaning: Period in European history from 5th to 15th century.
Farsi: قرون وسطی
Sentence: “Castles were built during the Middle Ages.”
Middle-aged
Meaning: Between 40 and 60 years old.
Farsi: میانسال
Sentence: “He is a middle-aged man with two kids.”
Prehistoric
Meaning: Before written history.
Farsi: پیشتاریخ / قبل از تاریخ مکتوب
Sentence: “Dinosaurs lived in prehistoric times.”
⏳ Other History Words
Chronologically
Meaning: In time order.
Farsi: به ترتیب زمانی
Sentence: “The events were listed chronologically.”
Carved
Meaning: Cut into a hard material to make a shape.
Farsi: حکاکی شده
Sentence: “The statue was carved from stone.”
Enormous
Meaning: Very big.
Farsi: عظیم
Sentence: “They live in an enormous house.”
Eroded
Meaning: Worn away by wind, water, or time.
Farsi: فرسوده شده / فرسایش یافته
Sentence: “The rocks were eroded by the river.”
Excavation
Meaning: Digging in the ground, especially for archaeology.
Farsi: حفاری
Sentence: “The excavation revealed ancient ruins.”
Age
Meaning: A particular time in history.
Farsi: عصر / سن
Sentence: “The Stone Age was the earliest period of human history.”
Ancient
Meaning: Very old.
Farsi: باستانی
Sentence: “The pyramids are ancient structures.”
Chronological
Meaning: Arranged in order of time.
Farsi: زمانی / به ترتیب تاریخ
Sentence: “The biography was written in chronological order.”
Antique
Meaning: Old and valuable object.
Farsi: عتیقه
I’m running late
Meaning: I don’t have enough time; I’ll be late.
Farsi: دیرم شده
Sentence: “Sorry, I’m running late for class.”
I’m scrambling
Meaning: Rushing, trying quickly to do something.
Farsi: دستپاچه هستم / با عجله کار میکنم
Sentence: “I was scrambling to finish my homework before the deadline.”
Punctual
Meaning: Always on time.
Farsi: وقتشناس
Sentence: “She is very punctual and never arrives late.”
I’m often in a hurry
Meaning: I’m usually rushing.
Farsi: اغلب عجله دارم
Sentence: “I’m often in a hurry in the mornings.”
On time
Meaning: Exactly at the correct time.
Farsi: سر وقت
Sentence: “The train arrived on time.”
In time
Meaning: Early enough, before it’s too late.
Farsi: به موقع
Sentence: “I got to the station just in time to catch the bus.”
Took so long
Meaning: Needed a lot of time.
Farsi: خیلی طول کشید
Sentence: “The movie took so long to finish.”
Take my time
Meaning: Do something slowly, not in a hurry.
Farsi: با آرامش / عجله نکردن
Sentence: “I like to take my time when I cook.”
Save time
Meaning: Make something quicker, use less time.
Farsi: صرفهجویی در زمان
Sentence: “Using a washing machine saves time.”
Time-consuming
Meaning: Needs a lot of time.
Farsi: زمانبر
Sentence: “Learning a new language can be time-consuming.”
Spend time
Meaning: Use time doing something.
Farsi: وقت گذراندن
Sentence: “I love to spend time with my family.”
Lose track of time
Meaning: Forget about time passing.
Farsi: گذر زمان را فراموش کردن
Sentence: “I lost track of time while playing video games.”
Divide time (I think you meant this, not “deride time”)
Meaning: Share your time between different things.
Farsi: تقسیم کردن زمان
Sentence: “I try to divide my time between work and study.”
🏺 History & Archaeology Words
Artifacts
Meaning: Objects made by people in the past.
Farsi: آثار باستانی / دستساختههای تاریخی
Sentence: “The museum has ancient artifacts from Egypt.”
Anxious
Meaning: Worried or nervous.
Farsi: نگران / مضطرب
Sentence: “She was anxious about the exam.”
Frenzy
Meaning: Great excitement or uncontrolled activity.
Farsi: هیجان / آشفتگی شدید
Sentence: “There was a frenzy at the store on Black Friday.”
Frenzy of activity
Meaning: A lot of busy actions at once.
Farsi: شور و شوق / فعالیت شدید
Sentence: “The kitchen was a frenzy of activity before the wedding.”
Gaze
Meaning: Look steadily.
Farsi: خیره نگاه کردن
Sentence: “He gazed at the stars in the sky.”
Era
Meaning: A long, distinct period of history.
Farsi: دوره / عصر
Sentence: “The Victorian era was full of change.”
The Middle Ages
Meaning: Period in European history from 5th to 15th century.
Farsi: قرون وسطی
Sentence: “Castles were built during the Middle Ages.”
Middle-aged
Meaning: Between 40 and 60 years old.
Farsi: میانسال
Sentence: “He is a middle-aged man with two kids.”
Prehistoric
Meaning: Before written history.
Farsi: پیشتاریخ / قبل از تاریخ مکتوب
Sentence: “Dinosaurs lived in prehistoric times.”
⏳ Other History Words
Chronologically
Meaning: In time order.
Farsi: به ترتیب زمانی
Sentence: “The events were listed chronologically.”
Carved
Meaning: Cut into a hard material to make a shape.
Farsi: حکاکی شده
Sentence: “The statue was carved from stone.”
Enormous
Meaning: Very big.
Farsi: عظیم
Sentence: “They live in an enormous house.”
Eroded
Meaning: Worn away by wind, water, or time.
Farsi: فرسوده شده / فرسایش یافته
Sentence: “The rocks were eroded by the river.”
Excavation
Meaning: Digging in the ground, especially for archaeology.
Farsi: حفاری
Sentence: “The excavation revealed ancient ruins.”
Age
Meaning: A particular time in history.
Farsi: عصر / سن
Sentence: “The Stone Age was the earliest period of human history.”
Ancient
Meaning: Very old.
Farsi: باستانی
Sentence: “The pyramids are ancient structures.”
Chronological
Meaning: Arranged in order of time.
Farsi: زمانی / به ترتیب تاریخ
Sentence: “The biography was written in chronological order.”
Antique
Meaning: Old and valuable object.
Farsi: عتیقه
Sentence: “She bought an antique table from the market.”
Antiquated
Meaning: Old-fashioned, not useful anymore.
Farsi: منسوخ / قدیمی
Sentence: “The computer system is antiquated.”
Consecutive (not “consequitive”)
Meaning: One after another, in a row.
Farsi: متوالی / پشت سر هم
Sentence: “He won three consecutive matches.”
Antiquated
Meaning: Old-fashioned, not useful anymore.
Farsi: منسوخ / قدیمی
Sentence: “The computer system is antiquated.”
Consecutive (not “consequitive”)
Meaning: One after another, in a row.
Farsi: متوالی / پشت سر هم
Sentence: “He won three consecutive matches.”
Lesson 9:
1. Flora
Sentence: The flora of Iran includes many unique flowers.
English meaning: Plants of a specific region.
فارسی: گیاهان یک منطقه خاص
2. Fauna
Sentence: The fauna of the jungle includes tigers and monkeys.
English meaning: Animals of a specific region.
فارسی: جانوران یک منطقه خاص
3. Agriculture
Sentence: Agriculture provides food for millions of people.
English meaning: The practice of farming.
فارسی: کشاورزی
4. Habitat
Sentence: Forests are the natural habitat of deer.
English meaning: The natural home of plants or animals.
فارسی: زیستگاه
5. Denied
Sentence: He denied stealing the money.
English meaning: Refused to admit or accept.
فارسی: انکار کرد / رد کرد
6. Vegetation
Sentence: There is little vegetation in the desert.
English meaning: All the plants in an area.
فارسی: پوشش گیاهی
7. Trunk
Sentence: The tree’s trunk was very thick.
English meaning: Main stem of a tree / elephant’s long nose.
فارسی: تنه درخت / خرطوم فیل
8. Fewer
Sentence: Today there are fewer people in the park.
English meaning: A smaller number (countable).
فارسی: تعداد کمتر
9. Height
Sentence: His height is 175 centimeters.
English meaning: How tall something is.
فارسی: ارتفاع
10. Scales
Sentence: A fish’s body is covered with scales.
English meaning: Small, hard plates on fish or reptiles.
فارسی: فلس (روی بدن ماهی یا خزندگان)
11. Branch
Sentence: A bird sat on the branch of the tree.
English meaning: A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk.
فارسی: شاخه
12. Features
Sentence: The phone has many useful features.
English meaning: Important parts or characteristics.
فارسی: ویژگیها
13. Twig
Sentence: He broke a twig to make a fire.
English meaning: A very small branch of a tree.
فارسی: شاخه کوچک
14. Paw
Sentence: The dog hurt its paw.
English meaning: The foot of an animal with claws.
فارسی: پنجه حیوان
15. Root
Sentence: The roots of the tree spread underground.
English meaning: The part of a plant under the soil.
فارسی: ریشه
16. Claw
Sentence: The cat used its claw to scratch the sofa.
English meaning: A sharp, curved nail on an animal.
فارسی: چنگال / پنجه
17. Coat
Sentence: The bear’s thick coat keeps it warm in winter.
English meaning: The layer of fur, hair, or skin covering an animal.
فارسی: پوشش (مو یا پوست حیوان)
18. Thorn
Sentence: Be careful, the rose bush has sharp thorns.
English meaning: A sharp, pointed growth on a plant.
فارسی: خار
19. Predator
Sentence: The lion is a powerful predator.
English meaning: An animal that hunts and eats other animals.
فارسی: شکارچی / درنده
20. Petal
Sentence: The petals of the flower were pink and soft.
English meaning: The colorful parts of a flower.
فارسی: گلبرگ
21. Beak
Sentence: The bird picked up food with its beak.
English meaning: The hard mouth of a bird.
فارسی: منقار
22. Horn
Sentence: The bull lowered its horns before charging.
English meaning: A hard, pointed growth on the head of some animals.
فارسی: شاخ
23. Savage
Sentence: The savage wolf attacked the sheep.
English meaning: Wild, fierce, and violent.
فارسی: وحشی / درنده
24. Mammaless
Sentence: The island was mammaless, full of only birds and insects.
English meaning: Without mammals.
فارسی: بدون پستاندار
25. Mammal
Sentence: Humans are mammals because they feed babies with milk.
English meaning: Warm-blooded animals with hair/fur that feed their young with milk.
فارسی: پستاندار
26. Mammals
Sentence: Whales and bats are also mammals.
English meaning: Plural of mammal.
فارسی: پستانداران
27. Wild Animals
Sentence: Wild animals like tigers live in forests.
English meaning: Animals that live freely in nature, not kept by humans.
فارسی: حیوانات وحشی
28. Amite (did you mean Amity?)
Sentence: The two villages lived in amity for many years.
English meaning: Peaceful friendship or harmony.
فارسی: دوستی / صمیمیت
29. Rose
Sentence: She planted a red rose in the garden.
English meaning: A common flower with fragrant petals and thorns.
فارسی: گل رز
30. Tulip
1. Flora
Sentence: The flora of Iran includes many unique flowers.
English meaning: Plants of a specific region.
فارسی: گیاهان یک منطقه خاص
2. Fauna
Sentence: The fauna of the jungle includes tigers and monkeys.
English meaning: Animals of a specific region.
فارسی: جانوران یک منطقه خاص
3. Agriculture
Sentence: Agriculture provides food for millions of people.
English meaning: The practice of farming.
فارسی: کشاورزی
4. Habitat
Sentence: Forests are the natural habitat of deer.
English meaning: The natural home of plants or animals.
فارسی: زیستگاه
5. Denied
Sentence: He denied stealing the money.
English meaning: Refused to admit or accept.
فارسی: انکار کرد / رد کرد
6. Vegetation
Sentence: There is little vegetation in the desert.
English meaning: All the plants in an area.
فارسی: پوشش گیاهی
7. Trunk
Sentence: The tree’s trunk was very thick.
English meaning: Main stem of a tree / elephant’s long nose.
فارسی: تنه درخت / خرطوم فیل
8. Fewer
Sentence: Today there are fewer people in the park.
English meaning: A smaller number (countable).
فارسی: تعداد کمتر
9. Height
Sentence: His height is 175 centimeters.
English meaning: How tall something is.
فارسی: ارتفاع
10. Scales
Sentence: A fish’s body is covered with scales.
English meaning: Small, hard plates on fish or reptiles.
فارسی: فلس (روی بدن ماهی یا خزندگان)
11. Branch
Sentence: A bird sat on the branch of the tree.
English meaning: A part of a tree that grows out from the trunk.
فارسی: شاخه
12. Features
Sentence: The phone has many useful features.
English meaning: Important parts or characteristics.
فارسی: ویژگیها
13. Twig
Sentence: He broke a twig to make a fire.
English meaning: A very small branch of a tree.
فارسی: شاخه کوچک
14. Paw
Sentence: The dog hurt its paw.
English meaning: The foot of an animal with claws.
فارسی: پنجه حیوان
15. Root
Sentence: The roots of the tree spread underground.
English meaning: The part of a plant under the soil.
فارسی: ریشه
16. Claw
Sentence: The cat used its claw to scratch the sofa.
English meaning: A sharp, curved nail on an animal.
فارسی: چنگال / پنجه
17. Coat
Sentence: The bear’s thick coat keeps it warm in winter.
English meaning: The layer of fur, hair, or skin covering an animal.
فارسی: پوشش (مو یا پوست حیوان)
18. Thorn
Sentence: Be careful, the rose bush has sharp thorns.
English meaning: A sharp, pointed growth on a plant.
فارسی: خار
19. Predator
Sentence: The lion is a powerful predator.
English meaning: An animal that hunts and eats other animals.
فارسی: شکارچی / درنده
20. Petal
Sentence: The petals of the flower were pink and soft.
English meaning: The colorful parts of a flower.
فارسی: گلبرگ
21. Beak
Sentence: The bird picked up food with its beak.
English meaning: The hard mouth of a bird.
فارسی: منقار
22. Horn
Sentence: The bull lowered its horns before charging.
English meaning: A hard, pointed growth on the head of some animals.
فارسی: شاخ
23. Savage
Sentence: The savage wolf attacked the sheep.
English meaning: Wild, fierce, and violent.
فارسی: وحشی / درنده
24. Mammaless
Sentence: The island was mammaless, full of only birds and insects.
English meaning: Without mammals.
فارسی: بدون پستاندار
25. Mammal
Sentence: Humans are mammals because they feed babies with milk.
English meaning: Warm-blooded animals with hair/fur that feed their young with milk.
فارسی: پستاندار
26. Mammals
Sentence: Whales and bats are also mammals.
English meaning: Plural of mammal.
فارسی: پستانداران
27. Wild Animals
Sentence: Wild animals like tigers live in forests.
English meaning: Animals that live freely in nature, not kept by humans.
فارسی: حیوانات وحشی
28. Amite (did you mean Amity?)
Sentence: The two villages lived in amity for many years.
English meaning: Peaceful friendship or harmony.
فارسی: دوستی / صمیمیت
29. Rose
Sentence: She planted a red rose in the garden.
English meaning: A common flower with fragrant petals and thorns.
فارسی: گل رز
30. Tulip
Sentence: Tulips bloom in spring in many colors.
English meaning: A colorful cup-shaped flower.
فارسی: لاله
31. Daisy
Sentence: A daisy has white petals and a yellow center.
English meaning: A simple flower with white petals and yellow middle.
فارسی: گل مینا
32. Weed
Sentence: Farmers remove weeds from their fields.
English meaning: An unwanted plant that grows where it is not wanted.
فارسی: علف هرز
33. Plant
Sentence: They decided to plant a tree in the yard.
English meaning: A living organism that grows in soil and uses sunlight.
فارسی: گیاه / کاشتن
34. Grow
Sentence: Children grow quickly in their first years.
English meaning: To increase in size or develop.
فارسی: رشد کردن
35. Clothe
Sentence: Parents clothe their children in warm jackets during winter.
English meaning: To dress or cover with clothes.
فارسی: پوشاندن
36. Cultivate
Sentence: Farmers cultivate the land to grow rice.
English meaning: To prepare land for crops; to grow plants.
فارسی: کشت کردن / زراعت کردن
37. Soil
Sentence: Good soil is necessary for healthy plants.
English meaning: The top layer of earth where plants grow.
فارسی: خاک
38. Crop
Sentence: Wheat is an important crop in many countries.
English meaning: A plant grown by farmers for food or use.
فارسی: محصول کشاورزی
39. Shrub
Sentence: Roses can grow as shrubs in the garden.
English meaning: A small or medium-sized woody plant.
فارسی: بوته / درختچه
40. Bush
Sentence: They sat under a shady bush.
English meaning: A dense group of shrubs or low plants.
فارسی: بوته
41. Tropical
Sentence: Mangoes grow in tropical climates.
English meaning: Related to hot, wet regions near the equator.
فارسی: گرمسیری
42. Humid
Sentence: The air was hot and humid in the jungle.
English meaning: Full of moisture; damp.
فارسی: مرطوب
43. Arid
Sentence: Few plants can grow in arid deserts.
English meaning: Very dry, with little or no rain.
فارسی: خشک
44. Semi-arid
Sentence: This region has a semi-arid climate with short rainy seasons.
English meaning: Partly dry; receives little but some rainfall.
فارسی: نیمه خشک
45. Endemic
Sentence: The kiwi bird is endemic to New Zealand.
English meaning: Found only in one specific region.
فارسی: بومی / خاص یک منطقه
46. Native
Sentence: The kangaroo is native to Australia.
English meaning: Originally from a certain place.
فارسی: بومی
47. Local
Sentence: We bought fresh vegetables from the local market.
English meaning: Belonging to or produced in a nearby area.
فارسی: محلی
48. Pest
Sentence: Locusts are dangerous pests for farmers.
English meaning: An insect or small animal that damages crops.
فارسی: آفت
49. Pesticides
Sentence: Farmers use pesticides to protect plants.
English meaning: Chemicals used to kill pests.
فارسی: آفتکش
50. Predator
Sentence: Sharks are predators that hunt fish.
English meaning: An animal that hunts and eats other animals.
فارسی: شکارچی / درنده
51. Prickly Pear
Sentence: The prickly pear cactus has edible fruit.
English meaning: A cactus with flat pads and spiny fruits.
فارسی: کاکتوس گلابی خاردار
52. Padauks
Sentence: Padauk trees are valued for their strong wood.
English meaning: A type of tropical hardwood tree.
فارسی: درخت پادوک (چوب سخت گرمسیری)
53. Rendering
Sentence: The architect showed a 3D rendering of the new building.
English meaning: A drawing or representation of something.
فارسی: تصویر / نمایش / بازنمایی
54. Toad
Sentence: The toad has dry, rough skin unlike frogs.
English meaning: An amphibian similar to a frog, usually with bumpy skin.
فارسی: وزغ
55. Mammaless
Sentence: The cave was mammaless, only bats and insects lived there.
English meaning: Without mammals.
فارسی: بدون پستاندار
56. Eliminate
Sentence: Vaccines can help eliminate dangerous diseases.
English meaning: To remove or get rid of completely.
فارسی: از بین بردن / حذف کردن
57. Beetle
Sentence: A ladybug is a kind of beetle.
English meaning: An insect with hard wing covers.
فارسی: سوسک
58. Toxic
Sentence: Some snakes have toxic venom.
English meaning: A colorful cup-shaped flower.
فارسی: لاله
31. Daisy
Sentence: A daisy has white petals and a yellow center.
English meaning: A simple flower with white petals and yellow middle.
فارسی: گل مینا
32. Weed
Sentence: Farmers remove weeds from their fields.
English meaning: An unwanted plant that grows where it is not wanted.
فارسی: علف هرز
33. Plant
Sentence: They decided to plant a tree in the yard.
English meaning: A living organism that grows in soil and uses sunlight.
فارسی: گیاه / کاشتن
34. Grow
Sentence: Children grow quickly in their first years.
English meaning: To increase in size or develop.
فارسی: رشد کردن
35. Clothe
Sentence: Parents clothe their children in warm jackets during winter.
English meaning: To dress or cover with clothes.
فارسی: پوشاندن
36. Cultivate
Sentence: Farmers cultivate the land to grow rice.
English meaning: To prepare land for crops; to grow plants.
فارسی: کشت کردن / زراعت کردن
37. Soil
Sentence: Good soil is necessary for healthy plants.
English meaning: The top layer of earth where plants grow.
فارسی: خاک
38. Crop
Sentence: Wheat is an important crop in many countries.
English meaning: A plant grown by farmers for food or use.
فارسی: محصول کشاورزی
39. Shrub
Sentence: Roses can grow as shrubs in the garden.
English meaning: A small or medium-sized woody plant.
فارسی: بوته / درختچه
40. Bush
Sentence: They sat under a shady bush.
English meaning: A dense group of shrubs or low plants.
فارسی: بوته
41. Tropical
Sentence: Mangoes grow in tropical climates.
English meaning: Related to hot, wet regions near the equator.
فارسی: گرمسیری
42. Humid
Sentence: The air was hot and humid in the jungle.
English meaning: Full of moisture; damp.
فارسی: مرطوب
43. Arid
Sentence: Few plants can grow in arid deserts.
English meaning: Very dry, with little or no rain.
فارسی: خشک
44. Semi-arid
Sentence: This region has a semi-arid climate with short rainy seasons.
English meaning: Partly dry; receives little but some rainfall.
فارسی: نیمه خشک
45. Endemic
Sentence: The kiwi bird is endemic to New Zealand.
English meaning: Found only in one specific region.
فارسی: بومی / خاص یک منطقه
46. Native
Sentence: The kangaroo is native to Australia.
English meaning: Originally from a certain place.
فارسی: بومی
47. Local
Sentence: We bought fresh vegetables from the local market.
English meaning: Belonging to or produced in a nearby area.
فارسی: محلی
48. Pest
Sentence: Locusts are dangerous pests for farmers.
English meaning: An insect or small animal that damages crops.
فارسی: آفت
49. Pesticides
Sentence: Farmers use pesticides to protect plants.
English meaning: Chemicals used to kill pests.
فارسی: آفتکش
50. Predator
Sentence: Sharks are predators that hunt fish.
English meaning: An animal that hunts and eats other animals.
فارسی: شکارچی / درنده
51. Prickly Pear
Sentence: The prickly pear cactus has edible fruit.
English meaning: A cactus with flat pads and spiny fruits.
فارسی: کاکتوس گلابی خاردار
52. Padauks
Sentence: Padauk trees are valued for their strong wood.
English meaning: A type of tropical hardwood tree.
فارسی: درخت پادوک (چوب سخت گرمسیری)
53. Rendering
Sentence: The architect showed a 3D rendering of the new building.
English meaning: A drawing or representation of something.
فارسی: تصویر / نمایش / بازنمایی
54. Toad
Sentence: The toad has dry, rough skin unlike frogs.
English meaning: An amphibian similar to a frog, usually with bumpy skin.
فارسی: وزغ
55. Mammaless
Sentence: The cave was mammaless, only bats and insects lived there.
English meaning: Without mammals.
فارسی: بدون پستاندار
56. Eliminate
Sentence: Vaccines can help eliminate dangerous diseases.
English meaning: To remove or get rid of completely.
فارسی: از بین بردن / حذف کردن
57. Beetle
Sentence: A ladybug is a kind of beetle.
English meaning: An insect with hard wing covers.
فارسی: سوسک
58. Toxic
Sentence: Some snakes have toxic venom.
English meaning: Poisonous; harmful.
فارسی: سمی
59. Caterpillars
Sentence: Caterpillars eat leaves before turning into butterflies.
English meaning: The larval stage of butterflies and moths.
فارسی: کرم ابریشم / لارو پروانه
60. Genes
Sentence: Eye color is determined by our genes.
English meaning: Units of heredity passed from parents to children.
فارسی: ژنها
فارسی: سمی
59. Caterpillars
Sentence: Caterpillars eat leaves before turning into butterflies.
English meaning: The larval stage of butterflies and moths.
فارسی: کرم ابریشم / لارو پروانه
60. Genes
Sentence: Eye color is determined by our genes.
English meaning: Units of heredity passed from parents to children.
فارسی: ژنها
Lesson 10:
1. Astronauts – The astronauts trained for years before going to space.
👨🚀 فضانوردان
2. Atmosphere – The Earth’s atmosphere protects us from harmful radiation.
🌫 جو
3. Commercial – Commercial space flights will soon be available to tourists.
تجاری
4. Explorers – Space explorers look for new planets beyond our solar system.
کاوشگران / جستجوگران
5. Launch – The rocket will launch tomorrow morning.
🚀 پرتاب
6. Author – The author wrote a book about life on Mars.
نویسنده
7. Simulator – Astronauts use a simulator to practice flying a spacecraft.
شبیهساز
8. Weightlessness – Astronauts feel weightlessness in space.
بیوزنی
9. Extraordinary Experience – Traveling to the Moon would be an extraordinary experience.
تجربه فوقالعاده
10. Float – In space, objects float instead of falling.
شناور شدن
11. Zero Gravity – Zero gravity makes everything move freely.
بیوزنی (گرانش صفر)
12. Propel – Engines propel the spacecraft forward.
به حرکت درآوردن / راندن
13. Rocket – The rocket reached space in just a few minutes.
🚀 موشک
14. Acclimate – It takes time to acclimate to life in space.
خو گرفتن / عادت کردن
15. Extremely – The temperature in space is extremely cold.
بسیار / فوقالعاده
16. Spacecraft Mission – NASA planned a new spacecraft mission to Jupiter.
ماموریت فضاپیما
17. Substantial – A substantial amount of money is needed for space travel.
قابلتوجه / زیاد
18. Asteroid – An asteroid passed close to Earth last night.
شهابسنگ بزرگ / سیارک
19. Atmospheric – Scientists study atmospheric changes on other planets.
جوی
20. Cosmos – The cosmos is full of mysteries.
کیهان
21. Cosmic – Cosmic dust travels across galaxies.
کیهانی
22. Galaxy – Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
کهکشان
23. Galactic – The movie was about a galactic war.
کهکشانی
24. Gravity – Gravity keeps us on Earth.
جاذبه
25. Gravitational – The Moon’s gravitational pull causes tides on Earth.
گرانشی
26. Horizon – The Sun disappeared below the horizon.
افق
27. Moon – The Moon reflects the light of the Sun.
ماه
28. Lunar – Astronauts collected lunar rocks.
قمری / مربوط به ماه
29. Meteor – We saw a meteor streak across the night sky.
شهاب / سنگ آسمانی
30. Meteoric – The spacecraft entered the atmosphere at meteoric speed.
شهابی / بسیار سریع
31. Sun – The Sun gives us light and warmth.
خورشید
32. Solar – Solar panels provide energy from the Sun.
خورشیدی
33. Star – There are billions of stars in the universe.
ستاره
34. Stellar – Scientists study stellar explosions.
ستارهای / مربوط به ستارهها
35. Earth – Earth is the only known planet with life.
زمین
36. Terrestrial – Terrestrial animals live on land, not in water or space.
زمینی
37. Universe – The universe is still expanding.
جهان / کیهان
38. Universal – The desire to explore is universal among humans.
جهانی
39. Extinct – Some animals became extinct millions of years ago.
منقرضشده
40. Appeal – Space travel has great appeal for young people.
جذابیت / درخواست
41. Manic – He was almost manic with excitement about the space trip.
دیوانهوار / بسیار پرانرژی
42. Evidently (I think you meant this, not "Edwally") – Evidently, astronauts face many challenges in space.
آشکارا / معلوم است که
43. Orbit – Satellites orbit around Earth.
مدار
44. Union – The European Space Union funds many projects.
اتحادیه
45. Habitat – Mars could one day be a human habitat.
زیستگاه
46. Space Junk – Space junk is a big problem for satellites.
زباله فضایی
47. Debris – The explosion left dangerous debris in space.
خردهها / آوار
1. Astronauts – The astronauts trained for years before going to space.
👨🚀 فضانوردان
2. Atmosphere – The Earth’s atmosphere protects us from harmful radiation.
🌫 جو
3. Commercial – Commercial space flights will soon be available to tourists.
تجاری
4. Explorers – Space explorers look for new planets beyond our solar system.
کاوشگران / جستجوگران
5. Launch – The rocket will launch tomorrow morning.
🚀 پرتاب
6. Author – The author wrote a book about life on Mars.
نویسنده
7. Simulator – Astronauts use a simulator to practice flying a spacecraft.
شبیهساز
8. Weightlessness – Astronauts feel weightlessness in space.
بیوزنی
9. Extraordinary Experience – Traveling to the Moon would be an extraordinary experience.
تجربه فوقالعاده
10. Float – In space, objects float instead of falling.
شناور شدن
11. Zero Gravity – Zero gravity makes everything move freely.
بیوزنی (گرانش صفر)
12. Propel – Engines propel the spacecraft forward.
به حرکت درآوردن / راندن
13. Rocket – The rocket reached space in just a few minutes.
🚀 موشک
14. Acclimate – It takes time to acclimate to life in space.
خو گرفتن / عادت کردن
15. Extremely – The temperature in space is extremely cold.
بسیار / فوقالعاده
16. Spacecraft Mission – NASA planned a new spacecraft mission to Jupiter.
ماموریت فضاپیما
17. Substantial – A substantial amount of money is needed for space travel.
قابلتوجه / زیاد
18. Asteroid – An asteroid passed close to Earth last night.
شهابسنگ بزرگ / سیارک
19. Atmospheric – Scientists study atmospheric changes on other planets.
جوی
20. Cosmos – The cosmos is full of mysteries.
کیهان
21. Cosmic – Cosmic dust travels across galaxies.
کیهانی
22. Galaxy – Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
کهکشان
23. Galactic – The movie was about a galactic war.
کهکشانی
24. Gravity – Gravity keeps us on Earth.
جاذبه
25. Gravitational – The Moon’s gravitational pull causes tides on Earth.
گرانشی
26. Horizon – The Sun disappeared below the horizon.
افق
27. Moon – The Moon reflects the light of the Sun.
ماه
28. Lunar – Astronauts collected lunar rocks.
قمری / مربوط به ماه
29. Meteor – We saw a meteor streak across the night sky.
شهاب / سنگ آسمانی
30. Meteoric – The spacecraft entered the atmosphere at meteoric speed.
شهابی / بسیار سریع
31. Sun – The Sun gives us light and warmth.
خورشید
32. Solar – Solar panels provide energy from the Sun.
خورشیدی
33. Star – There are billions of stars in the universe.
ستاره
34. Stellar – Scientists study stellar explosions.
ستارهای / مربوط به ستارهها
35. Earth – Earth is the only known planet with life.
زمین
36. Terrestrial – Terrestrial animals live on land, not in water or space.
زمینی
37. Universe – The universe is still expanding.
جهان / کیهان
38. Universal – The desire to explore is universal among humans.
جهانی
39. Extinct – Some animals became extinct millions of years ago.
منقرضشده
40. Appeal – Space travel has great appeal for young people.
جذابیت / درخواست
41. Manic – He was almost manic with excitement about the space trip.
دیوانهوار / بسیار پرانرژی
42. Evidently (I think you meant this, not "Edwally") – Evidently, astronauts face many challenges in space.
آشکارا / معلوم است که
43. Orbit – Satellites orbit around Earth.
مدار
44. Union – The European Space Union funds many projects.
اتحادیه
45. Habitat – Mars could one day be a human habitat.
زیستگاه
46. Space Junk – Space junk is a big problem for satellites.
زباله فضایی
47. Debris – The explosion left dangerous debris in space.
خردهها / آوار
(Design & Innovation)
1. Innovation – The company’s latest innovation changed the way people use energy.
👉 نوآوری – آخرین نوآوری شرکت نحوه استفاده مردم از انرژی را تغییر داد.
2. Design – The architect created a beautiful design for the new museum.
👉 طراحی – معمار یک طراحی زیبا برای موزه جدید خلق کرد.
3. Old – This is an old building from the 18th century.
👉 قدیمی – این یک ساختمان قدیمی از قرن هجدهم است.
4. Traditional – The house has a traditional style with wooden doors.
👉 سنتی – این خانه دارای سبک سنتی با درهای چوبی است.
5. Modern – They built a modern office with glass walls.
👉 مدرن – آنها یک دفتر مدرن با دیوارهای شیشهای ساختند.
6. Concrete – The bridge is made of strong concrete.
👉 بتن – این پل از بتن محکم ساخته شده است.
7. Brick – The walls are built with red brick.
👉 آجر – دیوارها با آجر قرمز ساخته شدهاند.
8. Steel – The tower is supported by a strong steel frame.
👉 فولاد – برج توسط یک قاب فولادی محکم پشتیبانی میشود.
9. Timber – The roof is made of timber beams.
👉 چوب – سقف از تیرهای چوبی ساخته شده است.
10. Single-story – They live in a single-story house.
👉 یکطبقه – آنها در یک خانه یکطبقه زندگی میکنند.
11. Two-story – Our school is a two-story building.
👉 دوطبقه – مدرسه ما یک ساختمان دوطبقه است.
12. Multi-story – The city has many multi-story car parks.
👉 چندطبقه – این شهر پارکینگهای چندطبقه زیادی دارد.
13. High-rise – He works in a high-rise office building.
👉 برج بلند – او در یک ساختمان اداری بلندمرتبه کار میکند.
14. Stone – The castle is made of stone.
👉 سنگ – قلعه از سنگ ساخته شده است.
15. Ornate – The ceiling was decorated with ornate patterns.
👉 مزین/پرنقش – سقف با نقشهای پرزرق و برق تزئین شده بود.
16. Staircase – The hotel has a grand staircase in the lobby.
👉 راهپله – هتل در لابی خود یک راهپله بزرگ دارد.
17. Invented – He invented a machine to clean the air.
👉 اختراع کرد – او دستگاهی برای تصفیه هوا اختراع کرد.
18. Trigger – The loud noise triggered the alarm.
👉 فعال کردن/بهراه انداختن – صدای بلند آژیر را فعال کرد.
19. Hoisted – They hoisted the flag on the tower.
👉 بالا بردن – آنها پرچم را بر فراز برج برافراشتند.
20. Device – This new device can save electricity.
👉 دستگاه – این دستگاه جدید میتواند برق صرفهجویی کند.
21. Hauling – The truck was hauling heavy materials.
👉 حمل کردن – کامیون در حال حمل مواد سنگین بود.
22. Internal – The building has an internal staircase.
👉 داخلی – ساختمان دارای یک راهپله داخلی است.
23. Platforms – The workers stood on wooden platforms.
👉 سکو – کارگران روی سکوهای چوبی ایستاده بودند.
24. Frame – The picture has a wooden frame.
👉 قاب – تصویر یک قاب چوبی دارد.
25. Storage – The basement is used for storage.
👉 انبار – زیرزمین برای انبار استفاده میشود.
26. Construction – The construction of the bridge took five years.
👉 ساختوساز – ساخت پل پنج سال طول کشید.
27. Skyscrapers – New York is full of tall skyscrapers.
👉 آسمانخراش – نیویورک پر از آسمانخراشهای بلند است.
28. Lift – We took the lift to the top floor.
👉 آسانسور – ما با آسانسور به طبقه بالا رفتیم.
29. Shaft – The elevator moves inside a shaft.
👉 چاهک – آسانسور در داخل چاهک حرکت میکند.
30. Tension – The bridge cables are under strong tension.
👉 کشش – کابلهای پل تحت کشش قوی هستند.
31. Landmark – The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark.
👉 نشانه/اثر برجسته – برج ایفل یک نشانه معروف است.
32. Concept – The architect presented a new concept for housing.
👉 مفهوم/ایده – معمار یک مفهوم جدید برای مسکن ارائه داد.
33. Ropes – They tied the beams with ropes.
👉 طناب – آنها تیرها را با طناب بستند.
34. Well-established – This company is well-established in the market.
👉 جاافتاده/معتبر – این شرکت در بازار جاافتاده و معتبر است.
35. Manufacture – They manufacture cars in that factory.
👉 تولید کردن – آنها در آن کارخانه ماشین تولید میکنند.
36. Expand – The company plans to expand its business.
👉 گسترش دادن – شرکت قصد دارد کسبوکار خود را گسترش دهد.
37. Upper-floor – The office is on the upper-floor of the building.
👉 طبقه بالا – دفتر در طبقه بالای ساختمان است.
1. Innovation – The company’s latest innovation changed the way people use energy.
👉 نوآوری – آخرین نوآوری شرکت نحوه استفاده مردم از انرژی را تغییر داد.
2. Design – The architect created a beautiful design for the new museum.
👉 طراحی – معمار یک طراحی زیبا برای موزه جدید خلق کرد.
3. Old – This is an old building from the 18th century.
👉 قدیمی – این یک ساختمان قدیمی از قرن هجدهم است.
4. Traditional – The house has a traditional style with wooden doors.
👉 سنتی – این خانه دارای سبک سنتی با درهای چوبی است.
5. Modern – They built a modern office with glass walls.
👉 مدرن – آنها یک دفتر مدرن با دیوارهای شیشهای ساختند.
6. Concrete – The bridge is made of strong concrete.
👉 بتن – این پل از بتن محکم ساخته شده است.
7. Brick – The walls are built with red brick.
👉 آجر – دیوارها با آجر قرمز ساخته شدهاند.
8. Steel – The tower is supported by a strong steel frame.
👉 فولاد – برج توسط یک قاب فولادی محکم پشتیبانی میشود.
9. Timber – The roof is made of timber beams.
👉 چوب – سقف از تیرهای چوبی ساخته شده است.
10. Single-story – They live in a single-story house.
👉 یکطبقه – آنها در یک خانه یکطبقه زندگی میکنند.
11. Two-story – Our school is a two-story building.
👉 دوطبقه – مدرسه ما یک ساختمان دوطبقه است.
12. Multi-story – The city has many multi-story car parks.
👉 چندطبقه – این شهر پارکینگهای چندطبقه زیادی دارد.
13. High-rise – He works in a high-rise office building.
👉 برج بلند – او در یک ساختمان اداری بلندمرتبه کار میکند.
14. Stone – The castle is made of stone.
👉 سنگ – قلعه از سنگ ساخته شده است.
15. Ornate – The ceiling was decorated with ornate patterns.
👉 مزین/پرنقش – سقف با نقشهای پرزرق و برق تزئین شده بود.
16. Staircase – The hotel has a grand staircase in the lobby.
👉 راهپله – هتل در لابی خود یک راهپله بزرگ دارد.
17. Invented – He invented a machine to clean the air.
👉 اختراع کرد – او دستگاهی برای تصفیه هوا اختراع کرد.
18. Trigger – The loud noise triggered the alarm.
👉 فعال کردن/بهراه انداختن – صدای بلند آژیر را فعال کرد.
19. Hoisted – They hoisted the flag on the tower.
👉 بالا بردن – آنها پرچم را بر فراز برج برافراشتند.
20. Device – This new device can save electricity.
👉 دستگاه – این دستگاه جدید میتواند برق صرفهجویی کند.
21. Hauling – The truck was hauling heavy materials.
👉 حمل کردن – کامیون در حال حمل مواد سنگین بود.
22. Internal – The building has an internal staircase.
👉 داخلی – ساختمان دارای یک راهپله داخلی است.
23. Platforms – The workers stood on wooden platforms.
👉 سکو – کارگران روی سکوهای چوبی ایستاده بودند.
24. Frame – The picture has a wooden frame.
👉 قاب – تصویر یک قاب چوبی دارد.
25. Storage – The basement is used for storage.
👉 انبار – زیرزمین برای انبار استفاده میشود.
26. Construction – The construction of the bridge took five years.
👉 ساختوساز – ساخت پل پنج سال طول کشید.
27. Skyscrapers – New York is full of tall skyscrapers.
👉 آسمانخراش – نیویورک پر از آسمانخراشهای بلند است.
28. Lift – We took the lift to the top floor.
👉 آسانسور – ما با آسانسور به طبقه بالا رفتیم.
29. Shaft – The elevator moves inside a shaft.
👉 چاهک – آسانسور در داخل چاهک حرکت میکند.
30. Tension – The bridge cables are under strong tension.
👉 کشش – کابلهای پل تحت کشش قوی هستند.
31. Landmark – The Eiffel Tower is a famous landmark.
👉 نشانه/اثر برجسته – برج ایفل یک نشانه معروف است.
32. Concept – The architect presented a new concept for housing.
👉 مفهوم/ایده – معمار یک مفهوم جدید برای مسکن ارائه داد.
33. Ropes – They tied the beams with ropes.
👉 طناب – آنها تیرها را با طناب بستند.
34. Well-established – This company is well-established in the market.
👉 جاافتاده/معتبر – این شرکت در بازار جاافتاده و معتبر است.
35. Manufacture – They manufacture cars in that factory.
👉 تولید کردن – آنها در آن کارخانه ماشین تولید میکنند.
36. Expand – The company plans to expand its business.
👉 گسترش دادن – شرکت قصد دارد کسبوکار خود را گسترش دهد.
37. Upper-floor – The office is on the upper-floor of the building.
👉 طبقه بالا – دفتر در طبقه بالای ساختمان است.
38. Fair – The city held a design fair last year.
👉 نمایشگاه – شهر سال گذشته یک نمایشگاه طراحی برگزار کرد.
39. Unveiled – The architect unveiled his new project yesterday.
👉 رونمایی کرد – معمار دیروز از پروژه جدید خود رونمایی کرد.
40. Exterior – The exterior of the building is made of glass.
👉 نمای بیرونی – نمای بیرونی ساختمان از شیشه ساخته شده است.
41. Build-up – There was a build-up of traffic near the site.
👉 تجمع/انباشت – در نزدیکی محل، تجمع ترافیک وجود داشت.
42. Condemn – The old building was condemned as unsafe.
👉 محکوم/غیرقابل استفاده – ساختمان قدیمی بهعنوان ناایمن محکوم شد.
43. Occupy – Many families occupy the new apartments.
👉 اشغال کردن – بسیاری از خانوادهها آپارتمانهای جدید را اشغال کردهاند.
44. Slate – The roof was covered with slate tiles.
👉 سنگ لوح – سقف با کاشیهای سنگ لوح پوشیده شده بود.
45. Maintain – They must maintain the old church carefully.
👉 نگهداری کردن – آنها باید از کلیسای قدیمی با دقت نگهداری کنند.
46. Renovate – The company will renovate the historical building.
👉 مرمت کردن – شرکت ساختمان تاریخی را مرمت خواهد کرد.
47. Fundamental – Safety is a fundamental part of construction.
👉 بنیادی – ایمنی یک بخش بنیادی از ساختوساز است.
48. Structure – The structure of the bridge is very strong.
👉 سازه – سازه پل بسیار محکم است.
👉 نمایشگاه – شهر سال گذشته یک نمایشگاه طراحی برگزار کرد.
39. Unveiled – The architect unveiled his new project yesterday.
👉 رونمایی کرد – معمار دیروز از پروژه جدید خود رونمایی کرد.
40. Exterior – The exterior of the building is made of glass.
👉 نمای بیرونی – نمای بیرونی ساختمان از شیشه ساخته شده است.
41. Build-up – There was a build-up of traffic near the site.
👉 تجمع/انباشت – در نزدیکی محل، تجمع ترافیک وجود داشت.
42. Condemn – The old building was condemned as unsafe.
👉 محکوم/غیرقابل استفاده – ساختمان قدیمی بهعنوان ناایمن محکوم شد.
43. Occupy – Many families occupy the new apartments.
👉 اشغال کردن – بسیاری از خانوادهها آپارتمانهای جدید را اشغال کردهاند.
44. Slate – The roof was covered with slate tiles.
👉 سنگ لوح – سقف با کاشیهای سنگ لوح پوشیده شده بود.
45. Maintain – They must maintain the old church carefully.
👉 نگهداری کردن – آنها باید از کلیسای قدیمی با دقت نگهداری کنند.
46. Renovate – The company will renovate the historical building.
👉 مرمت کردن – شرکت ساختمان تاریخی را مرمت خواهد کرد.
47. Fundamental – Safety is a fundamental part of construction.
👉 بنیادی – ایمنی یک بخش بنیادی از ساختوساز است.
48. Structure – The structure of the bridge is very strong.
👉 سازه – سازه پل بسیار محکم است.