C1/C2 vocabulary
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From cradle to grave

To give birth

Conception - uruğlanish
Fertilised - uruğlangan
Embryo implants - embrion joylashadi
Womb, uterus - bachadon
Conceive - homilador bolmoq
Fertility drugs - hom. bolishga yordam beruvchi dorilar
IVF - In Vitro Fertilisation - eko
Foetus - 8+ homila
Placenta - yóldosh
Goes into labour - Tólğoq kelishi
Be induced (with induction) - sun'iy tólğoq chaqirish, dorilar bn
Caesarean section - kesarcha
To pass away

To live to a ripe old age - juda qariguncha yashash
Late - marhum
Sheltered accomodation - qariyalar uyi
Doddery - zaiflik
Gaga - aqliy zaiflik
Dementia - memory loss
Have all her wits about her - aqli joyida
Coffin - tobut
Wake - funeral dan kn/oldingi yiğinlar
Will - vasilatnoma
Ashes - kul (after cremation)
Mourning - motam tutish
Bereaved - qayğuda
Cremation - jasadni kuydirish
Burial - qabrga kómish
Scattered - kulni sochib yuborish

To die - to pass away, to pass on, to pass over

Being close to death - to be at death's door, to be on your last legs

Newspaper:
Fatalities - ólganlar
Perished - ólgan
Slaughtered - óldirilgan

Legal:
The deceased - ólgan odam
To bequeath - vasiyat qilmoq
To inherit - meros qilib olmoq
To die intestate - vasiyatsiz ólmoq
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## 1. Troubling

* Definition: Causing worry or concern
* Uzbek: xavotirli, tashvishli
* Example: “Between 1947 and 1950… became the center of a troubling legal controversy”

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## 2. Erratic

* Definition: Unpredictable or inconsistent
* Uzbek: noaniq, tartibsiz
* Example: “These letters, frequently written in erratic handwriting…”

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## 3. Defamatory

* Definition: Damaging someone’s reputation
* Uzbek: tuhmatli
* Example: “…containing defamatory accusations…”

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## 4. Accusations

* Definition: Claims that someone has done something wrong
* Uzbek: ayblovlar
* Example: “…containing defamatory accusations, were sent to prominent members…”

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## 5. Clergy

* Definition: Members of the church or religious leaders
* Uzbek: ruhoniylar
* Example: “…sent to prominent members of the community, including clergy…”

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## 6. Representatives

* Definition: People chosen to act or speak for others
* Uzbek: vakillar
* Example: “…local council representatives”

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## 7. Malicious

* Definition: Intending to harm or upset someone
* Uzbek: zararli, yomon niyatli
* Example: “The content of the messages, often highly personal and malicious…”

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## 8. Paranoia

* Definition: Excessive distrust or suspicion of others
* Uzbek: shubha, paranoya
* Example: “…created an atmosphere of paranoia and social fragmentation”

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## 9. Fragmentation

* Definition: Breaking into pieces or becoming divided
* Uzbek: parchalanish, bo‘linish
* Example: “…created an atmosphere of paranoia and social fragmentation”

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## 10. Unconventional

* Definition: Not following traditional ways
* Uzbek: an’anaviy bo‘lmagan
* Example: “Thomas Wilkes, a reclusive librarian known for his unconventional behavior…”

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## 11. Strained

* Definition: Tense, difficult, or awkward
* Uzbek: tarang, murakkab
* Example: “…strained relationships with several residents”

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## 12. Reclusive

* Definition: Preferring to live alone and avoid others
* Uzbek: yolg‘iz yashashni yoqtiradigan
* Example: “Thomas Wilkes, a reclusive librarian…”

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## 13. Disputes

* Definition: Arguments or conflicts
* Uzbek: nizolar, janjallar
* Example: “Wilkes had previously been involved in minor disputes within the town”

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## 14. Suspicions

* Definition: Beliefs that someone may be guilty of something
* Uzbek: shubhalar
* Example: “…which contributed to suspicions regarding his involvement”

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## 15. Overhearing

* Definition: Hearing something accidentally
* Uzbek: quloq solib eshitish
* Example: “Emily Harper reported overhearing Wilkes expressing frustration…”

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## 16. Hypocrisy

* Definition: Pretending to have moral standards one does not truly have
* Uzbek: ikkiyuzlilik
* Example: “…frustration about ‘exposing hypocrisy’ in the community”

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## 17. Ambiguous

* Definition: Unclear, open to more than one interpretation
* Uzbek: noaniq, tushunarsiz
* Example: “This statement, though ambiguous, was interpreted by investigators as indicative of motive”

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## 18. Indicative

* Definition: Showing or suggesting something
* Uzbek: ko‘rsatadigan, belgilovchi
* Example: “…interpreted by investigators as indicative of motive”

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## 19. Circumstantial

* Definition: Based on indirect evidence rather than direct proof
* Uzbek: sharoitga bog‘liq, bilvosita
* Example: “…combined with mounting public pressure and circumstantial testimonies…”

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## 20. Testimonies

* Definition: Statements given by witnesses
* Uzbek: guvohliklar, ko‘rsatmalar
* Example: “…circumstantial testimonies…”

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## 21. Subsequently

* Definition: Happening after something else
* Uzbek: keyinchalik, shundan so‘ng
* Example: “He was subsequently convicted of harassment…”

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## 22. Convicted

* Definition: Found guilty of a crime
* Uzbek: aybdor deb topilgan
* Example: “He was subsequently convicted of harassment…”

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## 23. Harassment

* Definition: Aggressive pressure or intimidation
* Uzbek: bezovtalik, ta’qib
* Example: “…convicted of harassment…”

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## 24. Forensic
* Definition: Related to scientific methods used in crime investigation
* Uzbek: sud-tibbiyot, kriminalistik
* Example: “A visiting forensic analyst identified notable differences…”

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## 25. Postmarked

* Definition: Marked with a date and location by the postal service
* Uzbek: pochta markasi bosilgan
* Example: “…letters postmarked during Wilkes’s incarceration…”

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## 26. Incarceration

* Definition: Imprisonment
* Uzbek: qamoqqa olish
* Example: “…during Wilkes’s incarceration…”

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## 27. Appeal

* Definition: Request for a higher court to review a decision
* Uzbek: apellyatsiya, shikoyat
* Example: “Following a formal appeal, Wilkes’s conviction was annulled…”

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## 28. Annulled

* Definition: Officially declared invalid
* Uzbek: bekor qilindi, yuridik jihatdan yo‘q qilindi
* Example: “…Wilkes’s conviction was annulled in 1949…”

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## 29. Exoneration

* Definition: Being officially cleared from blame
* Uzbek: aybdorlikdan ozod qilinish
* Example: “…Wilkes’s conviction was annulled and he was released”

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## 30. Evasive

* Definition: Avoiding giving direct answers or being unclear
* Uzbek: qochqin, aniq javob bermaydigan
* Example: “…her increasingly evasive behavior raised suspicion”

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## 31. Orchestrating

* Definition: Carefully organizing or planning something
* Uzbek: uyushtirmoq, rejalashtirmoq
* Example: “Harper was later found guilty of orchestrating the correspondence campaign”

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## 32. Campaign

* Definition: Organized actions toward a particular goal
* Uzbek: kampaniya, tashabbus
* Example: “…orchestrating the correspondence campaign”

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## 33. Bias

* Definition: Prejudice in favor of or against something
* Uzbek: tarafkashlik, moyillik
* Example: “…social bias… can distort the pursuit of justice”

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## 34. Distort

* Definition: Twist or misrepresent the truth
* Uzbek: buzmoq, noto‘g‘ri ko‘rsatmoq
* Example: “…collective assumptions can distort the pursuit of justice”
1. consensus

Definition: general agreement among a group
Uzbek: umumiy kelishuv, yakdillik
Example: “The consensus was that after a certain age, the brain’s structure became permanent.”

2. shattered

Definition: completely destroyed or strongly disproved
Uzbek: butunlay yo‘qqa chiqarmoq, barbod qilmoq
Example: “Research has shattered this myth.”

3. hippocampus

Definition: a part of the brain related to memory and navigation
Uzbek: gipokampus (xotira va yo‘l topish bilan bog‘liq miya qismi)
Example: “Taxi drivers had a larger hippocampus.”

4. spatial

Definition: related to space, position, and physical location
Uzbek: fazoviy
Example: “The hippocampus is associated with spatial memory.”

5. sword (in “double-edged sword”)

Definition: something that has both positive and negative effects
Uzbek: ikki tomonlama ta’sirga ega narsa
Example: “Neuroplasticity is a double-edged sword.”

6. default

Definition: something that happens automatically or normally
Uzbek: odatiy holat, sukut bo‘yicha holat
Example: “Anxiety can become a person’s default mental state.”

7. implications

Definition: possible effects or consequences of something
Uzbek: oqibatlar, natijalar
Example: “The implications of these findings are profound.”

8. profound

Definition: very deep, strong, or significant
Uzbek: chuqur, juda muhim
Example: “The implications are profound for education and mental health.”
3. repository

Definition: a place where things are stored
Uzbek: saqlanadigan joy, ombor
Example: “The library was not merely a repository of texts.”

4. ambitious

Definition: having big goals or plans
Uzbek: katta maqsadli, ulkan rejali
Example: “An ambitious intellectual project.”

5. custodians

Definition: people who take care of or protect something
Uzbek: qo‘riqlovchilar, saqlovchilar
Example: “Scholars were not passive custodians of knowledge.”

6. circumference

Definition: the distance around a circle (or Earth)
Uzbek: aylana uzunligi, perimetri
Example: “He calculated the Earth’s circumference.”

7. scrolls

Definition: rolled manuscripts used in ancient times
Uzbek: qadimiy o‘ram yozuvlar
Example: “Ships were searched for scrolls.”

8. scribes

Definition: people who copy texts by hand
Uzbek: kotiblar, qo‘lyozma ko‘chiruvchilar
Example: “Scrolls were copied by scribes.”

9. precise

Definition: exact and accurate
Uzbek: aniq
Example: “The precise fate of the library remains unknown.”

10. rupture

Definition: a serious break or disruption
Uzbek: uzilish, buzilish
Example: “It symbolizes a rupture in human knowledge.”

11. treatises

Definition: formal written works about a subject
Uzbek: ilmiy asarlar
Example: “Scientific treatises vanished.”

12. underscores

Definition: emphasizes or highlights something
Uzbek: ta’kidlaydi
Example: “It underscores the fragility of knowledge.”

13. granted (in “taken for granted”)

Definition: accepted without thinking or questioning
Uzbek: qadrlamaslik, oddiy deb qabul qilish
Example: “Knowledge must not be taken for granted.”
Prosperous - boy, badavlat, ravnaq topgan. (C1)
* juggle → to handle many things at the same time (C2)
*Example:* She juggles work, study, and family.

* incurs → to experience something (usually something negative) ( C1)
*Example:* The company incurred heavy losses.

* manifests → shows or becomes visible. (C1)
*Example:* Stress manifests in different ways.

* fatigue → extreme tiredness (mental or physical)
*Example:* After long hours of work, he felt fatigue.

* misleading → giving the wrong idea or impression, chalğituvchi (C1)
*Example:* The advertisement was misleading.

* ingrained → deeply fixed or firmly established (hard to change)
*Example:* These habits are ingrained in our daily lives.
1. departed

Uzbek: jo‘nab ketgan
Definition: left, gone away (especially for transport)
Example: “the digital board displayed a single, unforgiving message: Departed.”*

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2. hastily

Uzbek: shoshilinch tarzda, shoshilib
Definition: done very quickly, with little care
Example: “coffee hastily consumed”*

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3. trivial

Uzbek: ahamiyatsiz, mayda
Definition: not important or serious
Example: “a seemingly trivial phone call”*

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4. spiraled

Uzbek: nazoratdan chiqib ketdi, keskin kengaydi
Definition: increased or developed quickly in an uncontrolled way
Example: “had spiraled into a prolonged discussion”*

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5. scrambling

Uzbek: shoshilib harakat qilish, hovliqib ketish
Definition: trying to do something quickly and with difficulty
Example: “leaving him scrambling to leave the house.”*

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6. bench

Uzbek: o‘rindiq (ko‘cha yoki bekatda)
Definition: a long seat for several people
Example: “he sank onto a nearby bench”*

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7. creeping

Uzbek: asta-sekin kirib kelayotgan
Definition: moving slowly and quietly
Example: “he felt an unexpected sense of relief creeping in.”

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8. dissipate

Uzbek: tarqalmoq, yo‘qolib ketmoq
Definition: to gradually disappear
Example: “The pressure … seemed to dissipate”*

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9. stillness

Uzbek: sukunat, jimjitlik
Definition: complete quiet and no movement
Example: “in the stillness of the empty platform.”*

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10. matter-of-factly

Uzbek: oddiy ohangda, hissiz tarzda
Definition: in a calm, direct way without emotion
Example: “she said matter-of-factly.”*

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11. hum

Uzbek: g‘uvillash (past tovush)
Definition: a low continuous sound
Example: “the distant hum of a departing train”*

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12. flicker

Uzbek: miltillamoq
Definition: to shine unsteadily or flash
Example: “the flicker of lights above.”*
1. exposed

Uzbek: duch kelgan, ta’sir ostida qolgan
Definition: being subjected to or affected by something
Example: “individuals are constantly exposed to an overwhelming volume of information.”

2. sustained

Uzbek: davomli, uzluksiz
Definition: continuing for a long time without interruption
Example: “sustained focus is increasingly difficult to maintain.”

3. overload

Uzbek: ortiqcha yuklama
Definition: too much of something for a system to handle
Example: “One of the primary consequences … is cognitive overload.”

4. retain

Uzbek: saqlab qolmoq (xotirada)
Definition: to keep or continue to have something (especially information)
Example: “its ability to prioritize and retain key details diminishes.”

5. exacerbated

Uzbek: yanada kuchaygan, og‘irlashgan
Definition: made a problem or situation worse
Example: “This issue is further exacerbated by the habit of multitasking.
Cohesion - birdamlik, hamjihatlik

Compassion - rahm, shavqat

Withdrawal - qaytarib olish

Reinforce - mustahkamlamoq

Unsettling - mushkul, hijolatli (C2)

Emerge - paydo bólmoq

Materially - moddiy

Acknowledgement - minnatdorchilik

Validation - tasdiqlanish (C2)

Futility - keraksiz

Implicit - ochiq aytilmaydigan, yashirin

Selfless - fidokorona (C2)
Customizable - moslashtiriladigan (C2)

Home-cooked meals can be healthier and more customizable.
Therapeutic - shifobaxsh (C1)

Cooking at home can also be a therapeutic activity
A bonding experience
Traits - jihatlari
Strive - qattiq harakat qilmoq

Failure is motivating us to strive for better results
Setbacks - tósiqlar

More fully - batafsilroq