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#Short_Note.. โœจ๐ŸŒธ

#Etiology_of_post partum hemorrhage.. (4T)๐ŸŒฟ

โ“-Tone: โžฅUtrine atony 95%..๐Ÿ‚

โ“‘-Tissue: โžฅRetained Tissue / Clot.. ๐Ÿƒ

โ“’-Trauma: โžฅ Laceration, Rupture, inversion.. ๐Ÿ‚

โ““-Thrombin: โžฅCougulopathy..๐Ÿƒ
๐Ÿ›‘ most common in obstetrics ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜

๐Ÿ”ฐ The most common cause of APH is placental abruption
๐Ÿ”ฐ The most common cause of PROM is infection ( chorioamnionitis ) and the most common infection is group B streptococcus

๐Ÿ”ฐ The most common cause of oligohydramnios is PROM
๐Ÿ”ฐ The most common cause of primary PPH is atone
๐Ÿ”ฐ The most common cause of secondary PPH is tissue retained
๐Ÿ”ฐVasa previa is the only cause of APH of fetal origin
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest type of anemia during pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia ( and is the commonest problem during pregnancy )

๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest organism that cause pyelonephritis is E.coli
๐Ÿ”ฐ Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest cause of occipitoposterior is special type of pelvis( Android or anthropoid pelvis)
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest fetal cause of breech presentation is prematurity
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest cause of shoulder presentation is multiparity
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest causes of cord prolapse are malpresentations and contracted pelvis.
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest cause of perineal lacerations is obstetric trauma
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest cause of DIC and hypofibrinogenamia is severe placental abruption ( concealed type)
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest cause of acute mastitis and breast abscess is S.aureus
๐Ÿ”ฐ The most common organism that cause septic abortion is anaerobic streptococcus
๐Ÿ”ฐ The commonest cause of IUFD , postmaturity, IUGR is idiopathic












#obs
#Short_Note.. โœจ๐ŸŒธ

#Cord_prolapse..
Cord is presented before the presenting part after rupture of membranes.

#First aid in cord prolapse:
Pulsatile cord should be returned as low temperature causes vasoconstriction and fetal asphyxia..
Patient put in the tendlemberge position (Pelvis elevation).

#Mode of delivery:
#For alife baby..
If full dilated cervix..
immediate vaginal delivery..
If cervix is partially dilated..
CS.

#For dead baby wait for spontaneous delivery..๐Ÿƒ
#Short_Note.. โœจ๐ŸŒธ

#TTTS (twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome)
Occurs when there is anastomosis between twins circulations (monozygotic monochorionic twins)..
when there is A-V shunts; Donor dead due to anemia.
Recipient dead due to CHF common..
#Short_Note.. โœจ๐ŸŒธ
#Ectopic_pregnancy..๐ŸŒฟ

In Ectopic pregnancy there is pain then followed by bleeding while in Abortion bleeding comes first..

#normally  at 1500 IU/L value of beta-hCG there is a gestational sac seen only by transvaginal ultrasound, and at 3000 IU/L value of beta-hCG there is a gestational sac seen by transabdominal ultrasound..


#Types of ectopic pregnancy:๐Ÿ‚ acute , subacute , chronic.

#Acute cases present with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen and patient may be shocked due to pain and/or bleeding..๐Ÿƒ


#Risk_factors for ectopic pregnancy include:
๐Ÿ‚
* previous ectopic pregnancy..
* preceding tubal or pelvic inflammation..
* previous tubal surgery.
* intrauterine contraceptive device..
* congenital abnormalities of the tube..

#sites of ectopic pregnancy:
Tubal (90%), ovarian, cervical, rudimentary horn of uterus, abdominal...๐Ÿ‚


#Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy:๐Ÿ‚

1- careful history and physical examination. .
2-Pregnancy test.
3-Ultrasound  (exclude intrauterine pregnancy, and may demonstrates the pregnancy outwith the uterus)..
4-Laparascopy..
5-Culdocentesis (there is a picture below)..


#Management of ectopic pregnancy can be medical or surgical..๐Ÿ‚

#criteria for medical therapy:๐Ÿƒ
1-Gestational sac less than 3cm..
2- No cardiac activity.
3- Beta-hCG less than 1500 IU/L.
4- Vitally stable patient.

#Drugs_Used:๐Ÿƒ
methotrexate + folonic acid.

#Surgical_options_include:๐Ÿƒ

Laparatomy..
Salpingestomy..
Salpingetomy..
Salpingectomy..
Salpingo-oophorectomy..
Milking..
Oophorectomy..
Hysterectomy..๐Ÿƒ
๐Ÿ‘1
#Short_Note..โœจ
#Shock_in_Obstetrics..๐ŸŒธ
#Definition:๐Ÿƒ
a state of circulatory failure
( hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion )..

#Etiology: ๐Ÿ‚
#Hemorrhage shock.. bleeding in early pregnancy.. APH.. PPH..๐Ÿƒ

#Hypovolomic a dehydration: (hyperemesis gnvidarum)..๐Ÿ‚

#Neurogenic pain in early preg.... pain in late preg....๐ŸŒฑ

#Septic: a septic abortion, chorioamnionitis, puerperal sepsis..๐Ÿƒ

#Pulmonary embolisrn + amniotic fluid or thrombus..๐Ÿ‚

#Splanchnic a sudden drop of infrauterine pressure (polyhdramnios, twins)..๐Ÿƒ
#Short_Note..โœจ

#Classification_of_abnormal placental attachment:๐ŸŒธ

#Placenta accreta 75-78%:๐Ÿ‚
lnvades superficially into the myometrium..

#Placenta increta 17%: ๐Ÿƒ
lnvades deeply into the
myometrium..

#Placenta percreta 5-7%:โ˜˜
Invades through the myometrium and penetrates the outer serosallayer of the uterus.. lt may invade adjacent structures, including bladder and bowel..๐Ÿ
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