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#Short_Note.. โจ๐ธ
#Etiology_of_post partum hemorrhage.. (4T)๐ฟ
โ-Tone: โฅUtrine atony 95%..๐
โ-Tissue: โฅRetained Tissue / Clot.. ๐
โ-Trauma: โฅ Laceration, Rupture, inversion.. ๐
โ-Thrombin: โฅCougulopathy..๐
#Etiology_of_post partum hemorrhage.. (4T)๐ฟ
โ-Tone: โฅUtrine atony 95%..๐
โ-Tissue: โฅRetained Tissue / Clot.. ๐
โ-Trauma: โฅ Laceration, Rupture, inversion.. ๐
โ-Thrombin: โฅCougulopathy..๐
๐ most common in obstetrics ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐
๐ฐ The most common cause of APH is placental abruption
๐ฐ The most common cause of PROM is infection ( chorioamnionitis ) and the most common infection is group B streptococcus
๐ฐ The most common cause of oligohydramnios is PROM
๐ฐ The most common cause of primary PPH is atone
๐ฐ The most common cause of secondary PPH is tissue retained
๐ฐVasa previa is the only cause of APH of fetal origin
๐ฐ The commonest type of anemia during pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia ( and is the commonest problem during pregnancy )
๐ฐ The commonest organism that cause pyelonephritis is E.coli
๐ฐ Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
๐ฐ The commonest cause of occipitoposterior is special type of pelvis( Android or anthropoid pelvis)
๐ฐ The commonest fetal cause of breech presentation is prematurity
๐ฐ The commonest cause of shoulder presentation is multiparity
๐ฐ The commonest causes of cord prolapse are malpresentations and contracted pelvis.
๐ฐ The commonest cause of perineal lacerations is obstetric trauma
๐ฐ The commonest cause of DIC and hypofibrinogenamia is severe placental abruption ( concealed type)
๐ฐ The commonest cause of acute mastitis and breast abscess is S.aureus
๐ฐ The most common organism that cause septic abortion is anaerobic streptococcus
๐ฐ The commonest cause of IUFD , postmaturity, IUGR is idiopathic
#obs
๐ฐ The most common cause of APH is placental abruption
๐ฐ The most common cause of PROM is infection ( chorioamnionitis ) and the most common infection is group B streptococcus
๐ฐ The most common cause of oligohydramnios is PROM
๐ฐ The most common cause of primary PPH is atone
๐ฐ The most common cause of secondary PPH is tissue retained
๐ฐVasa previa is the only cause of APH of fetal origin
๐ฐ The commonest type of anemia during pregnancy is iron deficiency anemia ( and is the commonest problem during pregnancy )
๐ฐ The commonest organism that cause pyelonephritis is E.coli
๐ฐ Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy
๐ฐ The commonest cause of occipitoposterior is special type of pelvis( Android or anthropoid pelvis)
๐ฐ The commonest fetal cause of breech presentation is prematurity
๐ฐ The commonest cause of shoulder presentation is multiparity
๐ฐ The commonest causes of cord prolapse are malpresentations and contracted pelvis.
๐ฐ The commonest cause of perineal lacerations is obstetric trauma
๐ฐ The commonest cause of DIC and hypofibrinogenamia is severe placental abruption ( concealed type)
๐ฐ The commonest cause of acute mastitis and breast abscess is S.aureus
๐ฐ The most common organism that cause septic abortion is anaerobic streptococcus
๐ฐ The commonest cause of IUFD , postmaturity, IUGR is idiopathic
#obs
#Short_Note.. โจ๐ธ
#Cord_prolapse..
Cord is presented before the presenting part after rupture of membranes.
#First aid in cord prolapse:
Pulsatile cord should be returned as low temperature causes vasoconstriction and fetal asphyxia..
Patient put in the tendlemberge position (Pelvis elevation).
#Mode of delivery:
#For alife baby..
If full dilated cervix..
immediate vaginal delivery..
If cervix is partially dilated..
CS.
#For dead baby wait for spontaneous delivery..๐
#Cord_prolapse..
Cord is presented before the presenting part after rupture of membranes.
#First aid in cord prolapse:
Pulsatile cord should be returned as low temperature causes vasoconstriction and fetal asphyxia..
Patient put in the tendlemberge position (Pelvis elevation).
#Mode of delivery:
#For alife baby..
If full dilated cervix..
immediate vaginal delivery..
If cervix is partially dilated..
CS.
#For dead baby wait for spontaneous delivery..๐
#Short_Note.. โจ๐ธ
#TTTS (twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome)
Occurs when there is anastomosis between twins circulations (monozygotic monochorionic twins)..
when there is A-V shunts; Donor dead due to anemia.
Recipient dead due to CHF common..
#TTTS (twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome)
Occurs when there is anastomosis between twins circulations (monozygotic monochorionic twins)..
when there is A-V shunts; Donor dead due to anemia.
Recipient dead due to CHF common..
#Short_Note.. โจ๐ธ
#Ectopic_pregnancy..๐ฟ
In Ectopic pregnancy there is pain then followed by bleeding while in Abortion bleeding comes first..
#normally at 1500 IU/L value of beta-hCG there is a gestational sac seen only by transvaginal ultrasound, and at 3000 IU/L value of beta-hCG there is a gestational sac seen by transabdominal ultrasound..
#Types of ectopic pregnancy:๐ acute , subacute , chronic.
#Acute cases present with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen and patient may be shocked due to pain and/or bleeding..๐
#Risk_factors for ectopic pregnancy include:
๐
* previous ectopic pregnancy..
* preceding tubal or pelvic inflammation..
* previous tubal surgery.
* intrauterine contraceptive device..
* congenital abnormalities of the tube..
#sites of ectopic pregnancy:
Tubal (90%), ovarian, cervical, rudimentary horn of uterus, abdominal...๐
#Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy:๐
1- careful history and physical examination. .
2-Pregnancy test.
3-Ultrasound (exclude intrauterine pregnancy, and may demonstrates the pregnancy outwith the uterus)..
4-Laparascopy..
5-Culdocentesis (there is a picture below)..
#Management of ectopic pregnancy can be medical or surgical..๐
#criteria for medical therapy:๐
1-Gestational sac less than 3cm..
2- No cardiac activity.
3- Beta-hCG less than 1500 IU/L.
4- Vitally stable patient.
#Drugs_Used:๐
methotrexate + folonic acid.
#Surgical_options_include:๐
Laparatomy..
Salpingestomy..
Salpingetomy..
Salpingectomy..
Salpingo-oophorectomy..
Milking..
Oophorectomy..
Hysterectomy..๐
#Ectopic_pregnancy..๐ฟ
In Ectopic pregnancy there is pain then followed by bleeding while in Abortion bleeding comes first..
#normally at 1500 IU/L value of beta-hCG there is a gestational sac seen only by transvaginal ultrasound, and at 3000 IU/L value of beta-hCG there is a gestational sac seen by transabdominal ultrasound..
#Types of ectopic pregnancy:๐ acute , subacute , chronic.
#Acute cases present with signs and symptoms of acute abdomen and patient may be shocked due to pain and/or bleeding..๐
#Risk_factors for ectopic pregnancy include:
๐
* previous ectopic pregnancy..
* preceding tubal or pelvic inflammation..
* previous tubal surgery.
* intrauterine contraceptive device..
* congenital abnormalities of the tube..
#sites of ectopic pregnancy:
Tubal (90%), ovarian, cervical, rudimentary horn of uterus, abdominal...๐
#Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy:๐
1- careful history and physical examination. .
2-Pregnancy test.
3-Ultrasound (exclude intrauterine pregnancy, and may demonstrates the pregnancy outwith the uterus)..
4-Laparascopy..
5-Culdocentesis (there is a picture below)..
#Management of ectopic pregnancy can be medical or surgical..๐
#criteria for medical therapy:๐
1-Gestational sac less than 3cm..
2- No cardiac activity.
3- Beta-hCG less than 1500 IU/L.
4- Vitally stable patient.
#Drugs_Used:๐
methotrexate + folonic acid.
#Surgical_options_include:๐
Laparatomy..
Salpingestomy..
Salpingetomy..
Salpingectomy..
Salpingo-oophorectomy..
Milking..
Oophorectomy..
Hysterectomy..๐
๐1
Forwarded from Gynecology & Obstetrics 3rd batch ๐ฉบ
#Short_Note..โจ
#Shock_in_Obstetrics..๐ธ
#Definition:๐
a state of circulatory failure
( hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion )..
#Etiology: ๐
#Hemorrhage shock.. bleeding in early pregnancy.. APH.. PPH..๐
#Hypovolomic a dehydration: (hyperemesis gnvidarum)..๐
#Neurogenic pain in early preg.... pain in late preg....๐ฑ
#Septic: a septic abortion, chorioamnionitis, puerperal sepsis..๐
#Pulmonary embolisrn + amniotic fluid or thrombus..๐
#Splanchnic a sudden drop of infrauterine pressure (polyhdramnios, twins)..๐
#Shock_in_Obstetrics..๐ธ
#Definition:๐
a state of circulatory failure
( hypotension, tissue hypoperfusion )..
#Etiology: ๐
#Hemorrhage shock.. bleeding in early pregnancy.. APH.. PPH..๐
#Hypovolomic a dehydration: (hyperemesis gnvidarum)..๐
#Neurogenic pain in early preg.... pain in late preg....๐ฑ
#Septic: a septic abortion, chorioamnionitis, puerperal sepsis..๐
#Pulmonary embolisrn + amniotic fluid or thrombus..๐
#Splanchnic a sudden drop of infrauterine pressure (polyhdramnios, twins)..๐
Forwarded from Gynecology & Obstetrics 3rd batch ๐ฉบ
#Short_Note..โจ
#Classification_of_abnormal placental attachment:๐ธ
#Placenta accreta 75-78%:๐
lnvades superficially into the myometrium..
#Placenta increta 17%: ๐
lnvades deeply into the
myometrium..
#Placenta percreta 5-7%:โ
Invades through the myometrium and penetrates the outer serosallayer of the uterus.. lt may invade adjacent structures, including bladder and bowel..๐
#Classification_of_abnormal placental attachment:๐ธ
#Placenta accreta 75-78%:๐
lnvades superficially into the myometrium..
#Placenta increta 17%: ๐
lnvades deeply into the
myometrium..
#Placenta percreta 5-7%:โ
Invades through the myometrium and penetrates the outer serosallayer of the uterus.. lt may invade adjacent structures, including bladder and bowel..๐
Forwarded from ุฒุงุฏ ุงูุทุจูุจ (โ
ุทููููุน ุงูุฌุจูููููโููููููุฒูโ
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