✳️Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 👌

✳️ Bugungi postimda kanal foydalanuvchilar tomonidan bildirilgan savollardan biriga javob bermoqchiman. Savol any va no so'zlarining sifat yoki ravishlarning qiyosiy darajasi bilan ishlatilishi haqida edi.

1️⃣ Any so'zi qiyosiy darajadagi sifat va ravishlar bilan so'roq, inkor yoki if'li gaplarda ishlatiladi. Bunday vaziyatlarda biroz, unchalik ham (emas), hech qancha ham (emas) degan ma'nolarda ishlatiladi.
🔸Can you go any faster? (biroz tezroq)
🔸You don't look any older than your daughter. (= You don't look at all older ... unchalik yoshi katta ko'rinmaysiz)
🔸If I were any younger, I'd fall in love with you. (biroz yoshroq bo'lganimda edi, sizni sevib qolardim)

2️⃣ 'No' so'zi ham yuqoridagi holatlarda ishlatila oladi, faqat fe'l bo'lishli bo'lishi lozim.
🔸I'm afraid the weather's no better that yesterday. (kechagidan unchalik ham yaxshi emas)

3️⃣ No va any so'zlarining different so'zi bilan ishlatilishga e'tibor bering. Bu yerda qiyosiy daraja bo'lmaydi.
🔸This school isn't any different from the last one. (unchalik ham farq qilmaydi)
🔸Is John any better? -No different. Still very ill. (Unchalik ham emas)

4️⃣ any good/use yoki no good/use birikmalarini ishlatilishiga ham e'tibor bering.
🔸Was the film any good? (Film yaxshimi... ko'rishga arziydimi degan ma'noda)
🔸This watch is no use. It keeps stopping. (Bu soat hech narsaga arzimaydi...)


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💡 Bilib qoʻygan yaxshi 👌

▪️Bugungi postda ingliz tilida eng bir-biri o'xshash bo'lgan uchta fe'lni farqlashni o'rganamiz. Mazkur fe'llar - to lie\to lay\to lie fe'llaridir. Bu fe'llarning o'tgan zamon va past participle shakllariga e'tibor bering.

1️⃣ to lie – yotmoq, joylashmoq degan ma'nolarda notoʻg’ri fe’l hisoblanadi. Oʻtimsiz fe’l bo'lganligi tufayli o'zidan keyin to'ldiruvchi (ot) ololmaydi. O'tgan zamon shakli - lay, past participle shakli - lain ko'rinishida bo'ladi.
🔸She was lying on the beach at this time yesterday. (U kecha mana shu paytda plyajda yotgan edi)
🔸The river lies 30 km to the south. (Daryo 30 kilometer janubda joylashgan)

2️⃣ to lay – qo'ymoq, joylashtirmoq degan ma'nolarda notoʻg’ri fe’l hisoblanadi. Oʻtimli fe’l bo'lganligi tufayli o'zidan keyin to'ldiruvchi (ot) bilan keladi. O'tgan zamon shakli - laid, past participle shakli - laid ko'rinishida bo'ladi.
🔸She laid the baby on the bed. (U chaqaloqni krovat ustiga qo'ydi)
🔸Could you lay the table for dinner? (Stolni kechgi ovqatga tayyorlaysizmi?)

3️⃣to lie – aldamoq degan ma'noda toʻg’ri fe’l hisoblanadi (lied, lied). O'timli fe'l bo'lganligi uchun to'ldiruvchi bilan ham, to'ldiruvchisiz ham kela oladi.
🔸 She is always lying about her age. In fact, she is much older than she looks. ( U har doim o'zining yoshi haqida aldaydi, aslida u ko'ringanidan ancha yoshi katta)

❤️Kanal sizga yoqqan boʻlsa, aʼzo boʻling va doʻstlaringizga ulashing @grammarnotes

✅ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 🔽

✳️ Bugungi darsimizda ingliz tilida bir joydan ikkinchi joyga borish, sayohat qilish m'anosini beruvchi journey, trip, travel, travels, voyage, tour, excursion so'zlarining bir-biridan farqini ko'rib chiqamiz.

1️⃣ journey - uzoqroq yoki tez-tez boriladigan joyga (odatda transport vositasida) borish degan ma'noni beradi (go on/make a journey) .
🔸 You can't go on a journey to Alaska without making careful preparations.
🔸The journey to work takes about half an hour by train.
🔸If the roads are flooded, we'll have to make the journey by boat.

▪️ Cambridge lug'atidagi izoh: the act of travelling from one place to another, especially in a vehicle

2️⃣ trip - biror joyga qisqa muddatga borib-kelish degan ma'noda ishlatiladi (go on/make/take a trip).
🔸How was your trip to San Francisco?
🔸She's away on a business trip and won't be back until Monday.
🔸The trip from York to Newcastle takes about an hour by train.

▪️ Cambridge lug'atidagi izoh: a journey in which you go somewhere, usually for a short time, and come back again

3️⃣ travel - umumiy ma'nodagi so'z bo'lib, dunyo bo'ylab yoki biror joydan ikkinchi joyga sayohat qilish degan ma'noda ishlatiladi.
🔸She enjoys foreign travel immensely.
🔸New computer technology has made air travel considerably safer.
🔸We share a love of literature, food and travel.

▪️Cambridge lug'atidagi izoh: the activity of travelling

4️⃣ travelling so'zi ham travel so'ziga o'xshash ma'no beradi va odatda fe'l yoki ko'makchilardan keyin ishlatiladi.
🔸I hate travelling on my own.
🔸The job involves a certain amount of travelling. (travel emas)

⚠️ Qo'shma otlarda (compound nouns) travel so'zi ishlatiladi: air travel, foreign travel.

5️⃣ travels - bir yoki bir nechta davlat bo'ylab sayohat qilish va voqealarni boshdan o'tkazish degan ma'noda ishlatiladi.
🔸I accompanied the South African team throughout their travels in Australia and New Zealand.
🔸We filmed a lot of wild animals on our travels.

6️⃣ voyage - kemada yoki qayiqda uzoq sayohat degan m'anoda ishlatiladi.
🔸He was a young sailor on his first sea voyage.
🔸Christopher Columbus brought cattle on his second voyage to America in 1493.

▪️Cambridge lug'atidagi izoh: a long journey, especially by ship

7️⃣ tour - hordiq chiqarish yoki dam olish uchun bir nechta hudud yoki davlat bo'ylab sayohat qilish degan ma'noda ishlatiladi.
🔸For our next holiday we're going on a ten-day tour of the Lake District.
🔸They've just come back from a tour of California's wine country.

⚠️ Siyosatchilar, davlat rahbarlari yoki biror kasb egalarining o'z rejalashtirgan ishlari bo'yicha safar qilishlari ham tour so'zi bilan ifodalanadi.
🔸The Queen is making a two-week tour of Australia.
🔸The Prime Minister will be returning on Mondayrfr6m a three-week tour of Southeast Asia.

⚠️ tour so'zi shahar, biror bino (muzey, sobor) bo'ylab e'tiborga molik joylarni ko'rish uchun uyushtiriladigan sayr, sayohat ma'nosida ham ishlatiladi.
🔸We went on a guided tour of the cathedral/museum/factory.
🔸A bus took us on a sightseeing tour of the city.

8️⃣ excursion - ekskursiya degan ma'noda bir guruh odamlarning hordiq chiqarish uchun biror joyga sayohat qilishi degan ma'noda ishlatiladi.
🔸 This year's annual excursion will be to Lincoln.
🔸 Next week we're going on an excursion.

▪️Cambridge lug'atidagi izoh: a short journey usually made for pleasure, often by a group of people

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✳️ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 👌

✳️ Bugungi postimizmida ingliz tilida mashhur bo'lgan bir-biriga juda o'xshash late, last, latest, later va latter so'zlarining farqi va ishlatilishini o'rganamiz.

1️⃣ late - kech, kechki m'anosida sifat va ravish bo'lib ishlatiladi.
🔸 You’re half an hour late.
🔸 Ellen has to work late tonight.

2️⃣ last - oxirgi, oxirgi marta degan ma'nolarda sifat va ravish bo'lib keladi.
🔸I hadn’t seen him since the last meeting.
🔸When I last saw her, she was working in New York.

3️⃣ latest - eng so'nggi, oxirgi (yangiliklar, moda) degan ma'nolarda sifat bo'lib keladi.
🔸 His latest film is one of the funniest he’s ever made.
🔸 Have you heard the latest news?

4️⃣ later - keyingi, keyinroq degan ma'noda sifat va ravish bo'lib keladi.
🔸The role of marketing is dealt with in a later chapter.
🔸I’m going out for a bit – I’ll see you later.

5️⃣ latter - keyingisi, ikkinchisi degan ma'noda 'former' - dastlabkisi, birinchisi degan so'z bilan juftlikda ishlatiladi.
🔸Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
🔸Both the oatmeal cookie and the granola bar were good, but I preferred the latter.

➕Bilimingizni sinab ko'rish uchun onlayn yuqoridagi so'zlar bo'yicha mashq👉 https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-25821.php

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✅ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 🔽

✳️ Bugungi postda ingliz tilida ruxsat berish ma'nosida ishlatiladigan allow, permit va let fe'llarining farqini o'rganamiz. Mazkur fe'llarning farqi haqida yozishni ko'pdan beri o'ylab yurardim va bugun ushbu mavzu bo'yicha yaxshi material topganim uchun sizlar bilan baham ko'rmoqchiman. Mazkur ma'lumotlarni o'qib, men ham o'zim uchun yangi narsalarni kashf qildim.

1️⃣ Demak, mazmuman va ishlatilishi bo'yicha allow va permit fe'llari juda yaqin, lekin permit fe'li nisbatan rasmiyroq. Ikkala fe'l ham odatda to'ldiruvchi+infinitiv qurilmasida ishlatiladi.
🔸 We don't allow/permit people to smoke in the kitchen.

⚠️ Agar gapda to'ldiruvchi bo'lmasa, avvalgi darslarimizdan ham ma'lumki, fe'lning gerundiy shakli ishlatiladi.
🔸 We don't allow/permit smoking in the kitchen.

2️⃣ Mazkur fe'llarning majhul nisbatda ishlatilishi ham ko'p uchraydi. Bunda gapda ega sifatida ot, otli birikma yoki gerundiy ham kelishi mumkin.
🔸 People are not allowed/permitted to smoke in the kitchen.
🔸 Smoking is not allowed/permitted in the kitchen.

3️⃣ It bilan boshlanadigan majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda faqat permit fe'li ishlatiladi.
🔸 It is not permitted to smoke in the kitchen. (It is not allowed to smoke emas)

4️⃣ allow fe'li (permit emas) ravishlar (ko'makchilar) bilan ishlatiladi.
🔸 She wouldn't allow me in.
🔸 Mary isn't allowed out at night.

5️⃣ Let fe'li mazkur fe'llarga qaraganda unchalik rasmiy emas, ya'ni og'zaki nutqda juda keng qo'llaniladi. Let fe'li to'ldiruvchi bilan ishlatilganda infitiniv 'to' siz ishlatiladi.
🔸Please allow me to buy you a drink. (rasmiyroq)
🔸Let me buy you a drink. (norasmiy, do'stona ohangda)

6️⃣ Let fe'li majhul nisbatda ishlatilmaydi.
🔸 I wasn't allowed to pay for the drinks. (I wasn't let emas)

7️⃣ Let fe'li ravishlar (ko'makchilar) bilan ishlatilishi mumkin.
🔸 She wouldn't let me in.
🔸 I've been let down.

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✅ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 🔽

✳️ Bugungi postda due to va owing to birikmalarini o'rganamiz. Mazkur birikmalar 'because of' - sababli, tufayli ma'nosida ishlatiladi va o'zidan keyin ot, otli birikma talab qiladi (⚠️gap emas). Due to birikmasi 'owing to' birikmasiga qaraganda keng ommalashgan.

✳️ Owing to, due to birikmalari bilan kelgan gap qismi vergul bilan ajratiladi.
🔸 Due/Owing to the bad weather, the match was cancelled. (Yomon ob-havo sababli o'yin bekor qilindi)
🔸 We had to postpone the meeting, due/owing to the strike. (Biz ish-tashlash tufayli yig'ilishni keyinga qoldirishga majbur bo'ldik)

✳️ Due to to be fe'lidan keyin ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin owing to odatda bunday shaklda ishlatilmaydi.
🔸 His success was due to his mother. (not was owing to his mother)

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✳️ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 👌

✳️ Bugungi postimizmida ingliz tilida oylik, ish haqi, daromad ma'nosida ishlatiladigan salary, wage, pay, income, earnings so'zlarining farqi va ishlatilishini o'rganamiz.

1️⃣ salary - oylik, aniq belgilangan ish haqi. Odatda ma'lum kasb egalari (o'qituvchilar, vrachlar, hamshiralar, boshqa professional kasb egalari) oylik olishadi.
🔸 Nurses earn a basic salary of £21,250.
🔸 Her salary is paid directly into her bank account.
*the money that you receive regularly for doing your job, usually paid to you every month. Salary is usually used for professional jobs such as teachers, managers, doctors.

2️⃣ pay - ish uchun to'lov, haq
🔸 The pay is pretty good.
🔸 Teachers are asking for higher pay.
*the money you receive for doing a job

3️⃣ wages - ishbay hisoblanadigan ish haqi, aniq miqdori belgilanmaydi. Odatda ischilarning oyligi ularning qancha vaqt ishlaganiga qarab to'lanadi va 'wage' deb nomlanadi.
🔸 Practically all my wages go on housing and transport to work.
🔸 The average weekly wage was £350.
*the money that someone is paid every week by their employer, especially someone who works in a shop or factory

4️⃣ income - daromad, kirim
🔸 The amount of tax you have to pay depends on your income.
🔸 People on low incomes are finding it difficult to pay their fuel bills.
*the money that you receive regularly for doing your job, and from things such as a business or investments

5️⃣ earnings - umumiy daromad, topish-tutish
🔸 The average worker’s earnings have not kept up with inflation.
*the total amount of money you earn from any job you do – used especially when the amount is different each month or year

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5 minutga boshlaymiz

✅ Bilib qo'ygan yaxshi 🔽

✳️ Bugungi postimizda ingliz tilini o'rganuvchilar uchun qiyinroq bo'lgan ikkita so'z - between va among so'zlarining ishlatilishini o'rganamiz.

1️⃣ Umumiy qoidaga ko'ra between alohida ajratilgan ikkita shaxs, narsa yoki ikkita guruh (inson, narsalar) uchun 'o'rtasida, orasida' degan m'anoda ishlatiladi.
🔸 She was standing between Alice and Mary.
🔸 There is a long valley between high mountains.

2️⃣ between masofa yoki muddat uchun ham ishlatilishi mumkin.
🔸 We need two metres between the windows.
🔸 I'll be at the office between nine and eleven.
🔸 They lived in New York between 1998 and 2004.

3️⃣ between so'zi each so'zi bilan ishlatilishi ko'p uchraydi.
🔸There seems to be less and less time between each birthday.

4️⃣ between va among so'zlarining ikkitadan ko'p shaxs yoki predmet uchun ishlatilishiga to'xtaladigan bo'lsak, between bir nechta alohida-alohida olingan shaxslar yoki predmetlar o'rtasida, orasida degan ma'noda ishlatilishi mumkin. Among esa alohida olinmagan shaxslar yoki predmetlar orasida degan ma'noda, ular guruh sifatida ko'rilganda ishlatiladi.
⚖️ Qiyoslang:
🔸Our house is between the woods, the river and the village.
🔸His house is hidden among the trees.
🔸I saw something between the wheels of the car.
🔸Your letter is somewhere among all these papers.

⚠️ Shuningdek, sanalmaydigan birlikdagi ot oldidan orasida degan ma'noda ham among ishlatiladi.
🔸They found an envelope full of money among all the rubbish.

5️⃣ Bo'lish (dividing), baham ko'rish (sharing) ma'nosidagi fe'llar bilan between va among so'zlari bir xil ma'noda ishlatiladi.
🔸He divided all his money between/among his children and grandchildren.
🔸We shared the work between/among the five of us.

⚠️ choose, differentiate, distinguish fe'llari odatda between bilan ishlatiladi.
🔸 I didn’t want to have to choose between the singers.

6️⃣ difference, connection, distinction, link, relationship so'zlaridan keyin odatda between so'zi ishlatiladi.
🔸There are enormous differences between languages.
🔸What’s the difference between 'between' and 'among'?
🔸 Is there a connection between his arrival and her disappearance?
🔸There’s a strong link between clean drinking water and reduced infant mortality.

7️⃣ among so'zi 'one of - biri', 'some of - ba'zi' or 'included in - ichida' degan ma'nolarni berishi mumkin.
🔸 Among the first to arrive was the ambassador. (Birinchi bo'lib kelganlardan biri)
🔸 He has a number of criminals among his friends. (do'stlari ichida)

8️⃣ among others va among other things birikmalari 'shu bilan birga, shuningdek' (as well as) degan ma'nolarda ishlatiladi.
🔸 Her parents, among others, were worried about her travelling alone.
🔸 Among other things, I still have to pack.

⚠️ among so'zining hozirda keng qo'llanilmaydigan shakli amongst hisoblanadi.
🔸The results show that both girls are amongst the top 10% of students in the whole school.

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