NEW UPDATED IMPORTANT MILITARY EXERCISES

📌 MITRA SHAKTI — India + Sri Lanka
📌 SLINEX — India + Sri Lanka
📌 SURYA KIRAN — India + Nepal
📌 HAND IN HAND — India + China
📌 ZAIR-AL-BAHR — India + Qatar
📌 INDRA — India + Russia
📌 DUSTLIK — India + Uzbekistan
📌 SAMUDRA SHAKTI — India + Indonesia
📌 CORPAT — India + Bangladesh
📌 SHINYUU MAITRI — India + Japan
📌 DHARMA GUARDIAN — India + Japan
📌 IMNEX — India + Myanmar
📌 NOMADIC ELEPHANT — India + Mongolia
📌 EKUVERIN — India + Maldives
📌 SAMUDRA LAKSHMANA — India + Malaysia
📌 KAZIND — India + Kazakhstan
📌 SITMEX — India + Singapore + Thailand
📌 VINBAX — India + Vietnam
📌 MALABAR — India + USA + Japan
📌 GARUDA — India + France
📌 SHAKTI — India + France
📌 VARUNA — India + France
📌 TIGER TRIUMPH — India + USA
📌 VAJRA PRAHA — India + USA
📌 YUDH ABHYAS — India + USA
📌 BOLD KURUKSHETRA — India + Singapore
📌 AUSINDEX — India + Australia
📌 AL NAGAH — India + Oman
📌 NASEEM-AL-BAHR — India + Oman
📌 SAMPRITI — India + Bangladesh
📌 AJEYA WARRIOR — India + UK
📌 SAHYOG-KAIJI — India + Japan
📌 INDRA DHANUSH — India + UK

Summits & Conferences

1. Olympic (2028) -Los Angeles, USA (34th)
2. BRICS(2024) - Kazan, Russia
3. G20(2024) - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4. G7(2024) - Fasano in Apulia, Italy
5. COP29 (2024) - Baku, Azerbaijan
6. Asian Buddhist Summit - New Delhi
7. 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas - Bhubaneswar, Odisha
8. SCO Summit - Islamabad, Pakistan
9. 44th and 45th ASEAN Summits - Vientiane, Laos
10. 1st BIMSTEC Business Summit - New Delhi

18 April

🏛 World Heritage Day

Theme25: "Heritage under threat from disaster and conflicts"

🏛 On this day, the International Council on Monuments and Sites promotes cultural heritage and a variety of monuments and heritage sites around the world. The day's goal is to raise awareness about the diversity of the world's heritage sites, as well as the importance of maintaining and conserving them.

🔷UNESCO has designated a total of 1155 monuments in 167 countries as UNESCO world heritage sites.

🔷42 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India 2023

🟢 NEWS
🔶11th edition of the Pondicherry Heritage Festival kicked off

🔷51st Khajuraho Dance Festival 2025 at Madhya Pradesh : A Celebration Of Classical Art And Heritage

🔶Gujarat’s Guneri Village: First Biodiversity Heritage Site

🏛 United Nations Educational Scientific And Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
🔹Founded - 16 Nov, 1946
🔹HQ - Paris, France
🔹DG - Audrey Azouley
🔹MC -194

Shehnai Awarded GI Tag, Uttar Pradesh Overtakes TN With Most GI Tags

Most no of GI tags - Uttar Pradesh
Most no of Ramsar Sites - Tamil Nadu
Most no of National Parks - Madhya Pradesh
Most no of Elephant Reserves - Assam and Tamil Nadu (both 5)

Largest Area under Forest Cover - Madhya Pradesh
Largest Area under Forest Cover (% wise) - Mizoram

🟢 ISRO IN NEWS 2024-25

🔷 ISRO recently faced a setback in its NVS-02 satellite mission due to thruster failure but is working on alternative strategies to utilize the satellite in its current elliptical orbit for the NavIC navigation system.

🔶 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to mark a milestone with its 100th launch. The GSLV-F15 mission, scheduled for January 29, 2025, will deploy the NVS-02 satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

🔷 The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the Third Launch Pad (TLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

🔶 Government of India appointed V. Narayanan as the 11th chairman of ISRO and Secretary of the Department of Space (DOS). He will succeed S. Somanath.

🔷 ISRO's 100th mission, the NVS-02 satellite, is set for January 2025.

🔶 Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) mission will mark this historic achievement, following the successful PSLV-C60 mission, which was ISRO’s 99th launch from Sriharikota spaceport.

🔷 ISRO has successfully launched its critical space docking mission (SpaDex Mission).

🔶 SpaDex mission is a technology demonstrator carrying two small spacecraft:
- SDX01 (Chaser)
- SDX02 (Target)

🔷 ISRO successfully launched the ESA Probe 3 Spacecraft from the First Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, on December 5, 2024.

🔶 ESA Probe 3 was launched onboard ISRO’s PSLV-C59.

🔷 Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched the New Space India Limited (NSIL) GSAT-20 (GSAT-N2 satellite) on November 19, 2024.

🔶 ISRO and NASA will jointly launch NISAR satellite in early 2025 to track Earth’s surface on land and ice-covered regions.

🔷 ISRO launched India’s first analog space mission in Leh, Ladakh.

🔶 EOS-8 (Earth Observation Satellite-8) will be launched on August 15 by Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

🔷 Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla & Prasanth Nair selected by ISRO for the upcoming International Space Station (ISS) mission, Axiom Mission-4.

🔶 Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) signed an agreement to launch Nepal’s Munal satellite.

🔷 Education Ministry sets up a 7-member high-level committee to reform the exam system, chaired by former ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan.

🔶 ISRO successfully tested a new liquid rocket engine at its Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

🔷 PSLV-C58 rocket, in its 60th mission, successfully deployed XPoSat into Low Earth Orbit (LEO).

🟢 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
🔷 Founded: August 15, 1969
🔶 Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
🔷 Founder / 1st Chairman: Vikram Sarabhai
🔶 11th Chairman: V. Narayanan
🔷 Aryabhata – India’s first satellite (Launched April 19, 1975)
🔶 GSAT-1 – India’s first commercial satellite
🔷 SLV-3 – India’s first experimental satellite launch vehicle
🔶 APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment) – India’s first communication satellite (June 19, 1981)
🔷 Udupi Ramachandra Rao – "Satellite Man of India"

24 April

❇️ National Panchayati Raj Diwas
राष्ट्रीय पंचायती राज दिवस

🌿1st National Panchayati Raj day Celebrated in 2010

🌿73rd Amendment 1992 added a new Part IX to constitution “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Article 243 to 243(O) & a new 11th Schedule covering 29 subjects

🌿Father of Panchayati Raj system➖Balwant Rai Mehta

🌿Balwant Rai Mehta Committee➖3-tier Panchayati Raj system
• Gram Panchayat
• Block Samiti
• Panchayat Samiti & Zila Parishad

🌿Ashok Mehta Committee➖2-tier Panchayati Raj system

🌿On 24th April 2020 Pm Narendra modi Launch the Swamitva scheme also e-Gram swaraj portal

🔶Balika Panchayat Successfully Held At Kunariya Village In Gujarat

🔶First Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI): Gujarat & Telangana Lead

🔶Govt amends Panchayat law to set up District Development Councils in J&K

🔷Ministry of Panchayati Raj
▪️Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh
~~~
🍁International Day of Multilateralism & Diplomacy for Peace

25 APRIL

♦️World Malaria Day 


Theme25 : "Malaria ends with us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite"

🔶 Malaria is Vector bone disease transmitted by female Anopheles Mosquito the parasites Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium Vivax (Pv)

🔶 The first study on malaria was done by the scientist Charles Louis Alphonse Laverin in the year 1880.

🔶 First time 'World Malaria Day' was observed on 25 April 2008.

🔶Quinine, the remedy for malaria is extracted from bark of the Cinchona tree.

🔶Protozoan organism causes malaria.

🔶 WHO has declared Algeria and Argentina as 'Malaria-Free' 

🔶 National Framework for Malaria Elimination 2016 -2030

🔶 Government Plans Malaria Free India By 2030

🔶 Egypt Declared Malaria-Free: A Milestone In Public Health

🔶 Karnataka has set itself the goal of eliminating malaria by 2025.

🏢 World Health Organization
🔹Founded - 7 April, 1948
🔹HQ - Geneva, Switzerland
🔹D.G - Tedros Adhanom

26 APRIL

♦️World Intellectual Property Day
विश्व बौद्धिक संपदा दिवस

Theme25 : "IP and Music: Feel the Beat of IP"

🔷International Intellectual Property (IP) Index 2024 (12th Edition) - "India ranks 42nd among 55 leading global economies"
🔷Top - United States
🔷Released by the U.S. Chambers of Commerce

🏢 World Intellectual Property Organization ( WIPO )
🔸Founded - 1967
🔸HQ - Geneva Switzerland
🔸Director General : Daren Tang
🔸Member Countries : 193

30 APRIL

♦️Ayushman Bharat Diwas
आयुष्मान भारत दिवस

♦️Narendra Modi has launched the scheme on April 14, 2018 at Bijapur, Chhattisgarh

♦️Scheme has the benefit cover of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year

🔷 Sponsored : Ayushman Bharat -National Health Protection Mission

🔶 First time, the day was observed on 30th April 2018

🔶 AYUSHMAN BHARAT CEO : Dr. Indu Bhushan

🟢 NEWS
🔶Uttar Pradesh Leads In Issuing 5 Crore Ayushman Cards Under Ayushman Bharat PMJAY

🔷Government To Include ASHA And Anganwadi Workers/Helpers In Ayushman Bharat Scheme

🔶Rajasthan Seeks Integration Of Chiranjeevi Scheme With Ayushman Bharat

🔷Center Renames Ayushman Bharat Health And Wellness Centers To Ayushman Arogya Mandir

🔶President Droupadi Murmu Virtually Launches Ayushman Bhav Campaign For Universal Health Coverage

🔷Govt To Combine CGHS With Ayushman Bharat

🔶J&K Awarded 1st Prize In Category For Ayushman Bharat Health Account ID Generation

❇️ 01 MAY

🔴 International Labour Day
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मजदूर दिवस

Theme25 : "Social justice and decent work"

🔷 It is also known as International Worker’s Day and May Day.

🔷 Labour Day is a day that unites workers together and the day aims to pay tribute to workers’ sacrifices in achieving economic and social rights all over the world.

🔷 India's first Labour day was celebrated in 1923 in Chennai.

🟢 RECENT IN NEWS
🔺Labour Minister Launches New Features On EShram Portal For Migrant Workers’ Welfare

🔺CAG GC Murmu Selected As External Auditor Of International Labour Organization

🔺2020-21: Female Labour Participation Increased To 25.1%

🔺Ministry Of Labour & Employment Launches E-Shram Portal

🔺India’s 1st Labour Movement Museum To Be Set Up In Kerala

🔷 May 1 is also Maharashtra Day & Gujarat Day

🏢 Ministry of Labour & Employment + MoEFCC
▪️ Shri Bhupendra Singh Yadav
▪️ Constituency : RSMP - Rajasthan

❇️ 3rd MAY

♦️World Press Freedom Day


Theme25 : - "Freedom of Expression"

🔷 To spread awareness about the importance of Freedom of the Press in functioning, information providing, its significance and to awaken the government of its duty to uphold and respect the right to freedom of expression.

🔷 Article 19 of Constitution of India and Right to Freedom

🔷 Media: Fourth Pillar of Democracy is coined by Thomas Caryle

🔷 R Goenka Excellence In Journalism Awards Announced

🔷 Awards related to Journalism
•Pulitzer Prize
•The Hillman Prize
•Chameli Devi Jain Award

♦️World Press Freedom Index 2023
🔷 TOP : Norway
🔷 INDIA : 161

❇️ Don't Confused ❇️
💥 16 Nov - National Press day
💥 29 Jan - National Newspaper Day

🏛 United Nations Educational Scientific And Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
🔹Founded - 4 Nov 1946
🔹HQ - Paris France
🔹DG - Audrey Azouley
🔹MC -193

Operation Sindoor: A Bold Statement Against Terrorism🚨

In a decisive and strategic move, the Indian Armed Forces launched Operation Sindoor ⚔️, conducting precision strikes on terror camps across the Pakistan border.

This operation symbolizes India’s unwavering resolve to protect its sovereignty and ensure national security 🇮🇳.

With minimal collateral damage and maximum impact, this action sends a strong message against cross-border terrorism while reinforcing India’s stand for peace through strength ✊

❇️ 7JUNE 2025

🍃World Food Safety Day
विश्व खाद्य सुरक्षा दिवस

🌮 Theme25 :  “Food Safety: Science in Action,” 

🥙 First-ever World Food Safety Day was celebrated on June 7, 2019

🥙 National Food Safety & Standards Training Centre Inaugurated By Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya

🥗 Union Health Minister Releases FSSAI’s 4th State Food Safety Index On World Food Safety Day

🍜It was celebrated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.

🍔WORLD FOOD DAY: 16 OCT

🏵 World Health Organization (WHO)
⛳ Established: 7th April 1948
⛳ Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
⛳ Director General: Dr.Tedros Adhanom

🏵 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
⛳Established : 16 October 1945
⛳Headquarter : Rome, Italy
⛳FAO Head: Qu Dongyu

🏵 Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
⛳️ Founded : 2011
⛳️ HQ : New Delhi
⛳️ CEO : Shri Arun Singhal

23rd June

🚵‍♀️ International Olympic Day


Theme25 : 'Let's Move +1'

⛳️World Olympic Day aims to promote the participation of people - irrespective of age, gender, caste, or religion - in games & sports across the world.

🥅 Doctor Gruss, a Czech IOC member, presented the idea of a World Olympic Day in 1947.

⛷ First Olympic Day observed in 1948.

🤼‍♀️ Acient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC.

🏋‍♀️ First Olympic Games began in 1896 - Athens, Greece

🏆 SUMMER OLYMPICS GAMES
🔷 2024 : Paris, France
🔷 2028 : Los Angeles, US
🔷 2032 : Brisbane, Australia
🔷 2048 : New Delhi, India

🏆 WINTER OLYMPICS GAMES
🔷 2022 : Beijing, China
🔷 2026 : Milan & Cortina, Italy

🏆 SUMMER YOUTH OLYMPICS
🔷 2026 : Dakar, Senegal

🏢 International Olympic Committee ( IOC )
Established : 23 June, 1894
President : Thomas Bach
HQ : Lausanne, Switzerland
Founders: Pierre de Coubertin, Demetrios Vikelas

🗓 11th JULY

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 WORLD POPULATION DAY 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦


Theme25 : "Empowering young people to create the families they want in a fair and hopeful world" 

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Demography : Study of Population


👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 To increase people's awareness on various population issues such as the importance of family planning, gender equality, poverty, maternal health and human rights.

👨‍👩‍👦 Established by the Governing Council of the United Nations Development Programme in 1989.

🟢 NEWS
🔷UN Projected India’s Urban Population to Be 675 Million In 2035

🔶India No. 1 in population, No. 7 in size in world

🔷Bengaluru Unveils First Digital Population Clock At ISEC

🔶India To Conduct Population Census 2027 In Two Phases With Caste Enumeration

🔷UNPFA : United Nations Population Fund (New York, US)

🚦UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (UNDP)
🔷Founded - 1965
🔷HQ - New York, USA
🔷DG - Achim Steiner

7th JULY

⚖ World Day for International Justice
अंतर्राष्ट्रीय न्याय के लिए विश्व दिवस

⚖ ICC (International Criminal Court) is the World's First Permanent international Criminal Court

🔶About International Criminal Court
🚩ICC was est. upon the adoption of the Rome Statute on 17 July 1998.
It came into effect on 1 july 2002

🔹Headquarters : Hague, Netherlands

🔹India is not a member of the ICC

🔺Don't Confuse
World Day of social Justice :- 20 February

🔶 ICJ (International Court Of justice )
🔹 HQ : Hague, Netherlands
🔹Est. :1945
🔹President : Yuji Iwasawa (Japan)
🔹Member State : 193
🔹Official Language : English & French

🔷Total Judge 15 ( different countries)
🔹Tenure : 9Yr
🔹One third of the court is elected Every 3 years & Judges are eligible for re-election.

♦INDIAN JUDGES AT THE ICJ
🔷Indian Judge : Dalbir Singh Bhandari (2012-2021)

🔷Indian Chief Justice : Nagendra Singh (1973-1988)

🔷Raghunandan Swarup Pathak 1989 -1991

🔷Sir Benegal Rau - (1952-1953)

Vice President Election 2025: Key Points
1. Office of the Vice President
Established under Article 63 of the Constitution.
Ex officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Article 64).
Acts as President in case of vacancy, absence, or illness (Article 65).
Second-highest constitutional office, ranks just below the President.

2. Election Process (Article 66)
Elected by Electoral College:
233 elected + 12 nominated members of Rajya Sabha.
543 elected members of Lok Sabha.
Total strength: 788 (currently 782).
Voting system: Proportional representation by single transferable vote, via secret ballot.
First preference mandatory; subsequent preferences optional.
VP cannot simultaneously hold membership of Parliament/State legislatures.

3. Eligibility
Citizen of India.
Minimum age: 35 years.
Qualified for election as Rajya Sabha member.
Cannot hold any office of profit under Government.

4. Tenure & Removal (Article 67)
Term: 5 years, but continues till successor takes charge.
Can resign to the President.
Can be removed by Rajya Sabha resolution (special majority) agreed by Lok Sabha.

5. Disputes (Article 71)
Supreme Court decides disputes related to VP election.
Acts performed before a court verdict remain valid.

6. Salary, Pension & Perks
Salary: ₹4 lakh/month (revised in 2018).
Pension: 50% of salary for life; spouse entitled to half.
Free furnished residence, medical care, travel expenses.
Lifetime entitlement to secretarial staff & office expenses.

7. Current Election (2025)
Triggered by Jagdeep Dhankhar’s resignation in July 2025.
NDA candidate: C P Radhakrishnan (Maharashtra Governor).
Opposition candidate: B Sudershan Reddy (former Supreme Court judge)

11 September, 2025

🌷 128th Birth Anniversary

Vinayak Narahari "Vinoba" Bhave
(11 September 1895 – 15 November 1982) was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights.

🪻He is best known for the Bhoodan Movement.

🪻He is considered as a National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mohandas Gandhi.

🪻The Gita has also been translated into Marathi language by him with the name as Geetai means mother Geeta.

🪻Awards : First Inidan to win International Ramon Award (1958)
Honours : Bharat Ratna (1983) (posthumously)

🪻Acharya Vinoba Bhave started the Individual Satyagraha in 1940 from?
▪️ Pavnar in Maharashtra