📚More explanation about👇👇👇👇
👉Subjunctive MOOD
📕It is also used in certain fixed expressions, such as So be it!
📗In the following sentences the words in bold form examples of the subjunctive mood:
▶️If he were to go down on bended knee I would still not forgive him.
▶️If I were you I would leave now.
▶️I insist that he apologize immediately.
▶️Be that as it may, he should still be finished.
▶️God save the Queen!
▶️I suggest that he be told of our decision right away.
💥NB: Modern use of the subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood can sound rather stilted in modern usage and many people either ignore it,
perhaps being ignorant of its true use, or else choose to avoid it.
🎈For example:
▶️I insist that he apologizes immediately
instead of
▶️I insist that he apologize immediately
is considered quite acceptable, especially in all but the most formal contexts.
#grammar
@gerammer
👉Subjunctive MOOD
📕It is also used in certain fixed expressions, such as So be it!
📗In the following sentences the words in bold form examples of the subjunctive mood:
▶️If he were to go down on bended knee I would still not forgive him.
▶️If I were you I would leave now.
▶️I insist that he apologize immediately.
▶️Be that as it may, he should still be finished.
▶️God save the Queen!
▶️I suggest that he be told of our decision right away.
💥NB: Modern use of the subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood can sound rather stilted in modern usage and many people either ignore it,
perhaps being ignorant of its true use, or else choose to avoid it.
🎈For example:
▶️I insist that he apologizes immediately
instead of
▶️I insist that he apologize immediately
is considered quite acceptable, especially in all but the most formal contexts.
#grammar
@gerammer
📚Grammar📚
📕Possessive('s) and (s')
👉Using 5 to show who things belong to
's/s' + people, things, places.
📗Use of the apostrophe ('s and s') :
👉You use('s)and (s')to talk about people's possessions and their relation to each other.
▶️Silvia is David’s wife.
▶️Anna and Mark are Jane’s cousins.
▶️My parents’ best friends live in Canada.
📗Sometimes, when the meaning is clear, you can use('s) without a noun.
▶️I’ve seen that car before. It’s Diana’s.
▶️Rob is at Tom’s. (- Tom’s house)
📕If a name ends in (s), you just add the apostrophe (') to show possession.
▶️I think James’ painting is better than mine.
🔴Remember!✌️
👉You use of + noun, not(’s) to talk about objects.
▶️The walls of the house are green.
▶️There’s a button at the back of the computer.
📕You can also talk about times and places using('s) and (s').
▶️I’ve just got three days’ work in a shop.
▶️Bob’s lucky. He’s having a week’s holiday next month.
▶️London’s shopping centres are very busy in December.
#grammar
@gerammer
📕Possessive('s) and (s')
👉Using 5 to show who things belong to
's/s' + people, things, places.
📗Use of the apostrophe ('s and s') :
👉You use('s)and (s')to talk about people's possessions and their relation to each other.
▶️Silvia is David’s wife.
▶️Anna and Mark are Jane’s cousins.
▶️My parents’ best friends live in Canada.
📗Sometimes, when the meaning is clear, you can use('s) without a noun.
▶️I’ve seen that car before. It’s Diana’s.
▶️Rob is at Tom’s. (- Tom’s house)
📕If a name ends in (s), you just add the apostrophe (') to show possession.
▶️I think James’ painting is better than mine.
🔴Remember!✌️
👉You use of + noun, not(’s) to talk about objects.
▶️The walls of the house are green.
▶️There’s a button at the back of the computer.
📕You can also talk about times and places using('s) and (s').
▶️I’ve just got three days’ work in a shop.
▶️Bob’s lucky. He’s having a week’s holiday next month.
▶️London’s shopping centres are very busy in December.
#grammar
@gerammer
📚There is a difference between "anyone" and "any one",
📕The indefinite pronoun anyone (one word) refers 👉to any person at all but not to particular individuals.
🎈Examples:
1. Anyone can go - you don't have to be invited.
2. She never considers anyone but herself - she's totally selfish!
3. He used to lock himself in his bedroom for hours on end and refuse to talk to anyone.
4. Has anyone seen my keys lying about?
Any one (two words) is an adjective phrase that refers to👉 any single member of a group (of either people or things).
📗Any one is commonly followed by the preposition of.
🎈Example:
Any one of you could dress well with all that money.
#grammar
@gerammer
📕The indefinite pronoun anyone (one word) refers 👉to any person at all but not to particular individuals.
🎈Examples:
1. Anyone can go - you don't have to be invited.
2. She never considers anyone but herself - she's totally selfish!
3. He used to lock himself in his bedroom for hours on end and refuse to talk to anyone.
4. Has anyone seen my keys lying about?
Any one (two words) is an adjective phrase that refers to👉 any single member of a group (of either people or things).
📗Any one is commonly followed by the preposition of.
🎈Example:
Any one of you could dress well with all that money.
#grammar
@gerammer
📚Special Uses of We📚
The 1st person plural pronoun has a number of special uses:
👇👇👇👇👇
📕(1) One common use is the 'INCLUSIVE AUTHORIAL we' in serious writing,🎈as in:
▶️As we saw in chapter 3...
📗Here we seeks to involve the reader in a joint enterprise. Besides not having this 'intimate' appeal, you here would also be felt to be too informal or authoritative for discursive or scholarly writing.
🎈Compare example [a] with the more formal let's in [b]:
▶️[a] Now we turn to a different problem.
▶️[b] Let's turn now to a different problem.
📕(2) The so-called 'EDITORIAL we' is still common enough in formal (especially scientific) writing by a single individual, and is prompted by a desire to avoid I, which may be felt to be somewhat egotistical.
🎈For instance, the writer of a scholarly article may prefer [c] to [d]:
▶️[c] As we showed a moment ago...
▶️[d] As I showed a moment ago...
💥('Editorial' here is not applied to the fully justified use of we with reference to the consensus of an editorial board or other collective body.)
📕(3) The 'RHETORICAL we' is used in the collective sense of 'the nation', 'the party', 🎈as in:
▶️In the 19th century we neglected our poor as we amassed wealth. Today we are much more concerned with the welfare of the people as a whole.
📕(4) There is also a use of we in reference to the hearer (=you) which may occur🎈for example when a doctor is talking to a patient:
▶️How are we feeling today?
📗In the context, this use of we may be understood to be condescending, but it also has an implication of sharing the problem with 'you' in the situational context of
a doctor/patient or
teacher/student relation, for example.🎈A teacher wishing to instruct without overtly claiming authority may use the 'inclusive' 1st person plural:
▶️Now then, let's have a look at that project, shall we?
📗This can be an evasively polite equivalent of:
▶️Now then, let me have a look at that project, will you?
📕(5) We may occasionally be used also in reference to a 3rd person (=he, she).🎈For example one secretary might say to another with reference to their boss:
▶️We are in a bad mood today.
#grammar
@gerammer
The 1st person plural pronoun has a number of special uses:
👇👇👇👇👇
📕(1) One common use is the 'INCLUSIVE AUTHORIAL we' in serious writing,🎈as in:
▶️As we saw in chapter 3...
📗Here we seeks to involve the reader in a joint enterprise. Besides not having this 'intimate' appeal, you here would also be felt to be too informal or authoritative for discursive or scholarly writing.
🎈Compare example [a] with the more formal let's in [b]:
▶️[a] Now we turn to a different problem.
▶️[b] Let's turn now to a different problem.
📕(2) The so-called 'EDITORIAL we' is still common enough in formal (especially scientific) writing by a single individual, and is prompted by a desire to avoid I, which may be felt to be somewhat egotistical.
🎈For instance, the writer of a scholarly article may prefer [c] to [d]:
▶️[c] As we showed a moment ago...
▶️[d] As I showed a moment ago...
💥('Editorial' here is not applied to the fully justified use of we with reference to the consensus of an editorial board or other collective body.)
📕(3) The 'RHETORICAL we' is used in the collective sense of 'the nation', 'the party', 🎈as in:
▶️In the 19th century we neglected our poor as we amassed wealth. Today we are much more concerned with the welfare of the people as a whole.
📕(4) There is also a use of we in reference to the hearer (=you) which may occur🎈for example when a doctor is talking to a patient:
▶️How are we feeling today?
📗In the context, this use of we may be understood to be condescending, but it also has an implication of sharing the problem with 'you' in the situational context of
a doctor/patient or
teacher/student relation, for example.🎈A teacher wishing to instruct without overtly claiming authority may use the 'inclusive' 1st person plural:
▶️Now then, let's have a look at that project, shall we?
📗This can be an evasively polite equivalent of:
▶️Now then, let me have a look at that project, will you?
📕(5) We may occasionally be used also in reference to a 3rd person (=he, she).🎈For example one secretary might say to another with reference to their boss:
▶️We are in a bad mood today.
#grammar
@gerammer
📚 -ing form or infinitive?
📕Some adjectives and verbs can be followed by either a gerund (-ing form)or an infinitive.
🎈I started teaching when I was 20. OR I started to teach when I was 20.
🎈She was proud of having won. OR She was proud to have won.
💥Notes
In some cases there is a difference meaning.
👉Remember / forget + -ing
📕Remember and forget are usually followed by -ing forms in the structures ‘I will never forget…ing’ or ‘I will always remember …ing’.
🎈I will never forget winning my first national award.
🎈I still remember buying my first car.
📗When remember or forget
is followed by an infinitive, it usually refers to things one has or had to do at the moment of speaking.
🎈I forgot to post the letter. (NOT I forgot posting the letter.)
🎈Remember to call me when you arrive.
👉Go on
📕When go on is followed by an -ing form, it means ‘continue’.
🎈He went on talking about his exploits until I went to sleep.
👉Regret + -ing form
📕Regret is followed by an -ing form when it refers back to the past.
🎈I regret quitting my job –it was a stupid thing to do.
📗Regret + infinitive is usually used in announcements of bad news.
🎈We regret to say that we cannot help you at the moment.
👉Advise, allow, permit and forbid
The verbs advise, allow, permit and forbid are followed by -ing forms if there is no object. If there is an object, we use aninfinitive.
✌️Compare:
We don’t allow / permit smoking in the kitchen.
We don’t allow / permit people to smoke in the kitchen.
#grammar
@gerammer
📕Some adjectives and verbs can be followed by either a gerund (-ing form)or an infinitive.
🎈I started teaching when I was 20. OR I started to teach when I was 20.
🎈She was proud of having won. OR She was proud to have won.
💥Notes
In some cases there is a difference meaning.
👉Remember / forget + -ing
📕Remember and forget are usually followed by -ing forms in the structures ‘I will never forget…ing’ or ‘I will always remember …ing’.
🎈I will never forget winning my first national award.
🎈I still remember buying my first car.
📗When remember or forget
is followed by an infinitive, it usually refers to things one has or had to do at the moment of speaking.
🎈I forgot to post the letter. (NOT I forgot posting the letter.)
🎈Remember to call me when you arrive.
👉Go on
📕When go on is followed by an -ing form, it means ‘continue’.
🎈He went on talking about his exploits until I went to sleep.
👉Regret + -ing form
📕Regret is followed by an -ing form when it refers back to the past.
🎈I regret quitting my job –it was a stupid thing to do.
📗Regret + infinitive is usually used in announcements of bad news.
🎈We regret to say that we cannot help you at the moment.
👉Advise, allow, permit and forbid
The verbs advise, allow, permit and forbid are followed by -ing forms if there is no object. If there is an object, we use aninfinitive.
✌️Compare:
We don’t allow / permit smoking in the kitchen.
We don’t allow / permit people to smoke in the kitchen.
#grammar
@gerammer
📚in spite of / despite / although
📗In spite of, despite and although are all used to show a contrast but there are differences in the structures used with them.
📕In spite of / despite
After in spite of and despite we use a noun or a pronoun.
🎈We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain.
🎈Despite the pain in his leg, he completed the marathon.
🎈Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job.
🎈Despite of the bad weather, there was a large crowd at the match.
📒Although
After although we use a subject and a verb.
🎈We enjoyed our camping holiday although it rained every day.
🎈Although he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
🎈The holiday was great although the hotel wasn’t very nice.
🎈We can use in spite of and despite with a subject and verb if we include the expression ‘the fact that’.
🎈In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
🎈Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
📘Even though
🎈Even though is a slightly stronger form of although.
🎈We decided to buy the house even though we didn’t really have enough money.
🎈You keep making that stupid noise even though I’ve asked you to stop three times.
🎈Like although, even though is followed by a subject and a verb.
#grammar
@gerammer
📗In spite of, despite and although are all used to show a contrast but there are differences in the structures used with them.
📕In spite of / despite
After in spite of and despite we use a noun or a pronoun.
🎈We enjoyed our camping holiday in spite of the rain.
🎈Despite the pain in his leg, he completed the marathon.
🎈Despite having all the necessary qualifications, they didn’t offer me the job.
🎈Despite of the bad weather, there was a large crowd at the match.
📒Although
After although we use a subject and a verb.
🎈We enjoyed our camping holiday although it rained every day.
🎈Although he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
🎈The holiday was great although the hotel wasn’t very nice.
🎈We can use in spite of and despite with a subject and verb if we include the expression ‘the fact that’.
🎈In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
🎈Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.
📘Even though
🎈Even though is a slightly stronger form of although.
🎈We decided to buy the house even though we didn’t really have enough money.
🎈You keep making that stupid noise even though I’ve asked you to stop three times.
🎈Like although, even though is followed by a subject and a verb.
#grammar
@gerammer
📚[Some Meanings of 'over']
👉1-Their house is just over the river.
► ( = on the other side of)
👉2-Most of these carpets cost over $1000.
► ( = more than)
👉3-Children over 12 pay full price.
► ( = older than 12)
👉4-They spoke over the phone.
► ( = using the phone)
👉5-Can we discuss this over lunch?
► ( = during lunch)
👉6-There’s no point in arguing over this.
► ( = about this)
👉7-I’ll be glad when the meeting is over.
► ( = finished)
👉8-You’ve ruined it – now I’ll have to do it over.
► ( = again)
#Grammar
@gerammer
👉1-Their house is just over the river.
► ( = on the other side of)
👉2-Most of these carpets cost over $1000.
► ( = more than)
👉3-Children over 12 pay full price.
► ( = older than 12)
👉4-They spoke over the phone.
► ( = using the phone)
👉5-Can we discuss this over lunch?
► ( = during lunch)
👉6-There’s no point in arguing over this.
► ( = about this)
👉7-I’ll be glad when the meeting is over.
► ( = finished)
👉8-You’ve ruined it – now I’ll have to do it over.
► ( = again)
#Grammar
@gerammer
⭐️I'm good at
Again, 'I'm' is used here as 'I am.' 'Good at' informs someone what you excel at and are comfortable doing.
Here are some examples:
"I'm good at drawing."
"I'm good at video games."
"I'm good at swimming."
"I'm good at driving."
"I'm good at reading."
"I'm good at sports."
"I'm good at writing."
"I'm good at math."
"I'm good at dancing."
"I'm good at chess."
#Grammar
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
@gerammer
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
Again, 'I'm' is used here as 'I am.' 'Good at' informs someone what you excel at and are comfortable doing.
Here are some examples:
"I'm good at drawing."
"I'm good at video games."
"I'm good at swimming."
"I'm good at driving."
"I'm good at reading."
"I'm good at sports."
"I'm good at writing."
"I'm good at math."
"I'm good at dancing."
"I'm good at chess."
#Grammar
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
@gerammer
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
⭐️I'm + (verb)
'I'm' is a contraction of the words 'I am.' By adding a verb to 'I'm' this lets you express an action or occurrence about yourself.
Here are some examples:
"I'm eating lunch."
"I'm brushing my teeth."
"I'm scared."
"I'm driving to work."
"I'm crying."
"I'm typing an email."
"I'm cooking dinner."
"I'm combing my hair."
"I'm hanging a picture."
"I am texting."
"I am dancing."
"I am interested in the job."
"I am exercising."
"I am sad."
"I am learning."
#grammar
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
@gerammer
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
'I'm' is a contraction of the words 'I am.' By adding a verb to 'I'm' this lets you express an action or occurrence about yourself.
Here are some examples:
"I'm eating lunch."
"I'm brushing my teeth."
"I'm scared."
"I'm driving to work."
"I'm crying."
"I'm typing an email."
"I'm cooking dinner."
"I'm combing my hair."
"I'm hanging a picture."
"I am texting."
"I am dancing."
"I am interested in the job."
"I am exercising."
"I am sad."
"I am learning."
#grammar
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁
@gerammer
🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁