QUESTION 10
(I)Friendship/ closer ties
The community brings member states together as one family. This prevents conflicts among member states and also brings unity among the
people.
(ii) Political benefits
'The community has become powerful and is recognized internationally. The voice of ECOWAS is more powerful and regarded than any single member state. ECOWAS also has bargaining power on international issues than any single member country.
(iii) Job opportunities
Citizens of member states where there is lack of jobs can move to other member countries to look for employment.
The Secretariat and other offices of
ECOW AS employ university graduates from
West African countries.
(iv) Free trade
ECOWAS enables trading among member states. Entrepreneurs of a member state can transact business with businessmen of other states in West Africa without any difficulty.
(v) Wider market
ECOWAS creates a large market size of about 350 million consumers. Thus producers of goods and services in member states havea large market size to showcase and sell their goods.
(vi) Reduces imports
Economic cooperation between member states reduces their dependence on imports from develop economics
@Mr_Abbeylinks
(I)Friendship/ closer ties
The community brings member states together as one family. This prevents conflicts among member states and also brings unity among the
people.
(ii) Political benefits
'The community has become powerful and is recognized internationally. The voice of ECOWAS is more powerful and regarded than any single member state. ECOWAS also has bargaining power on international issues than any single member country.
(iii) Job opportunities
Citizens of member states where there is lack of jobs can move to other member countries to look for employment.
The Secretariat and other offices of
ECOW AS employ university graduates from
West African countries.
(iv) Free trade
ECOWAS enables trading among member states. Entrepreneurs of a member state can transact business with businessmen of other states in West Africa without any difficulty.
(v) Wider market
ECOWAS creates a large market size of about 350 million consumers. Thus producers of goods and services in member states havea large market size to showcase and sell their goods.
(vi) Reduces imports
Economic cooperation between member states reduces their dependence on imports from develop economics
@Mr_Abbeylinks
Question 7
(I) Provision of environmental services:
The local authorities make sure that the environment is cleaned. They provide refuse/dust bins to prevent littering the environment. They employ cleaners to clean the market, lorry station and gutters.
(ii) Provision of social amenities:
The local authorities provide schools, clinics, markets, feeder roads and electricity to improve living condition of the people in their localities.
(III) They maintain law and order in the local Area:
The local authorities maintain law and order.
This is done by passing bye-laws to control the behaviour of the people in the localities.
The local authorities are in charge of security in the localities.
(IV)Enact bye-laws
They enact bye-laws to regulate the affairs of the localities and the activities of the denizens while they maintain law and order and mobilize funds to finance local development.
(V) Implement central government policies
Local authorities implement central government policies within their localities.
Thus, they help to decentralize the administration of a state.
@Mr_Abbeylinks
(I) Provision of environmental services:
The local authorities make sure that the environment is cleaned. They provide refuse/dust bins to prevent littering the environment. They employ cleaners to clean the market, lorry station and gutters.
(ii) Provision of social amenities:
The local authorities provide schools, clinics, markets, feeder roads and electricity to improve living condition of the people in their localities.
(III) They maintain law and order in the local Area:
The local authorities maintain law and order.
This is done by passing bye-laws to control the behaviour of the people in the localities.
The local authorities are in charge of security in the localities.
(IV)Enact bye-laws
They enact bye-laws to regulate the affairs of the localities and the activities of the denizens while they maintain law and order and mobilize funds to finance local development.
(V) Implement central government policies
Local authorities implement central government policies within their localities.
Thus, they help to decentralize the administration of a state.
@Mr_Abbeylinks
Question 9
OF MILITARY INTERVENTIONS
Centrals, hes are the lacos that tad to coup d'Etals in forces
1. Military Factors: It is argued that when the armed forces feel threatened or are adversely affected by the policies and actions of civilian governments, they resort to coup d'Γ©tats to topple the civilian regimes.
2. Mismanagement of the Economy: Most civilian mismanage the economies of their countrics. This makes others desire to check and correct the mismanagement. This usually
leads to coup d'Γ©tats.
3. Desirc of Lcaders to Remain in Power: Some leaders desire to remain in power always and so they manipulate the electoral process to remain in power. This usually results in dictatorship. For example, Nkrumah's administration. Thus the military intervene to make
way for others.
4. The Over Ambition of Soldiers: Some soldiers are simply ambitious to wield the overall power of the state and so resort to coups to make their dreams come true. For instance, the
17 April, 1967 abortive coup which led to the death of General E. K. Kotoka of the ruling N. L. M.
5. The Desire of the Opposition to Capture Political Power: When the opposition desire to capture Political power through unconstitutional means, they conspire with the military to remove the sitting civilian government and hand over power to them.
6. Corruption in High Offices: When politicians become corrupt and use their offices to amass wealth unduly. The military intervene to check the politicians.
7. Interference in Justice Delivery: Interference by the ruling party in the work of the judiciary is also cited as a cause for military take-over.
8. Tribalism: Domestic, tribal and social antagonisms can end in a coup d'Γ©tat. When a particular tribe is favoured in all spheres, the government becomes exposed to coup d'Γ©tats.
9. Internal Conflicts: When there is conflict among politicians who form the government, it may end up in coup because there is the fear that they may lose focus.
10. External Factors: Sometimes powerful nations induce the military in weaker states to stage a coup d'Γ©tat so that these powerful states will help establish a puppet government which will make it easier to exploit the resources of the weaker state or impose an ideology on it.
11. Human Rights Violations: When a government starts to rule arbitrarily without regard for the constitutional rights of the citizens, it paths the way for coup d'Γ©tats.
@Mr_Abbeylinks
OF MILITARY INTERVENTIONS
Centrals, hes are the lacos that tad to coup d'Etals in forces
1. Military Factors: It is argued that when the armed forces feel threatened or are adversely affected by the policies and actions of civilian governments, they resort to coup d'Γ©tats to topple the civilian regimes.
2. Mismanagement of the Economy: Most civilian mismanage the economies of their countrics. This makes others desire to check and correct the mismanagement. This usually
leads to coup d'Γ©tats.
3. Desirc of Lcaders to Remain in Power: Some leaders desire to remain in power always and so they manipulate the electoral process to remain in power. This usually results in dictatorship. For example, Nkrumah's administration. Thus the military intervene to make
way for others.
4. The Over Ambition of Soldiers: Some soldiers are simply ambitious to wield the overall power of the state and so resort to coups to make their dreams come true. For instance, the
17 April, 1967 abortive coup which led to the death of General E. K. Kotoka of the ruling N. L. M.
5. The Desire of the Opposition to Capture Political Power: When the opposition desire to capture Political power through unconstitutional means, they conspire with the military to remove the sitting civilian government and hand over power to them.
6. Corruption in High Offices: When politicians become corrupt and use their offices to amass wealth unduly. The military intervene to check the politicians.
7. Interference in Justice Delivery: Interference by the ruling party in the work of the judiciary is also cited as a cause for military take-over.
8. Tribalism: Domestic, tribal and social antagonisms can end in a coup d'Γ©tat. When a particular tribe is favoured in all spheres, the government becomes exposed to coup d'Γ©tats.
9. Internal Conflicts: When there is conflict among politicians who form the government, it may end up in coup because there is the fear that they may lose focus.
10. External Factors: Sometimes powerful nations induce the military in weaker states to stage a coup d'Γ©tat so that these powerful states will help establish a puppet government which will make it easier to exploit the resources of the weaker state or impose an ideology on it.
11. Human Rights Violations: When a government starts to rule arbitrarily without regard for the constitutional rights of the citizens, it paths the way for coup d'Γ©tats.
@Mr_Abbeylinks
If you need orals , you must pay for English language before you get orals . I canβt help lazy students
Thank you
Thank you
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ENGLISH ORALS TRIALS
English orals
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ENGLISH ORALS AUDIO β‘
Q3a) Effect of Land degradation
Several land degradation affected a significant portion of the arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. Land degradation cancels out advanced by improved crop yields and reduced population growth. As the land resource, base becomes less productive, food security is comprised and competition for dwindling resources increases. Thus, a downward eco-social spiral is created when lands are nutrient depleted by unsustainable land management practices resulting in lost soil stability leading to permanent change. Land degradation not only affects soil productivity but also have more significant impacts on receiving water resources. Since soil along with nutrients and contaminants associated with soil, are delivered in large quantities to environments. Land degradation therefore has potentially impacts on lakes and reservoirs that are designed to alleviate flooding provide irrigation and generate Hydro-Power.
In summary, land degradation includes soil erosion, salinization, soil acidification or akalinisation and desertification. The rate of degradation has increased dramatically with growth in human populations and technology. Severe land damage accompanies large-scale of agriculture. The continued loss of arable land will jeopardize our ability to feed the world population. Land degradation is a worldwide problem which includes both of the developed and developing countries.
Several land degradation affected a significant portion of the arable lands, decreasing the wealth and economic development of nations. Land degradation cancels out advanced by improved crop yields and reduced population growth. As the land resource, base becomes less productive, food security is comprised and competition for dwindling resources increases. Thus, a downward eco-social spiral is created when lands are nutrient depleted by unsustainable land management practices resulting in lost soil stability leading to permanent change. Land degradation not only affects soil productivity but also have more significant impacts on receiving water resources. Since soil along with nutrients and contaminants associated with soil, are delivered in large quantities to environments. Land degradation therefore has potentially impacts on lakes and reservoirs that are designed to alleviate flooding provide irrigation and generate Hydro-Power.
In summary, land degradation includes soil erosion, salinization, soil acidification or akalinisation and desertification. The rate of degradation has increased dramatically with growth in human populations and technology. Severe land damage accompanies large-scale of agriculture. The continued loss of arable land will jeopardize our ability to feed the world population. Land degradation is a worldwide problem which includes both of the developed and developing countries.
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