A+ SuccessEthiopiaโ„ข
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A+ SuccessEthiopiaโ„ข
แ‹จ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แ‰ฅแˆ”แˆซแ‹Š แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแŒฅแ‰ แ‰ต แ‰€แŠ• แ‹ญแ‹ แˆ†แŠแข แ‹จ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แˆ€แŒˆแˆญ แŠ แ‰€แ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แŠจแˆแˆแˆŒ 3 แŠฅแˆตแŠจ แˆแˆแˆŒ 5 แˆˆแˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆซแ‹Š แˆณแ‹ญแŠ•แˆต แค แŠจแˆแˆแˆŒ  9 แŠฅแˆตแŠจ แˆแˆแˆŒ 11/2016 แ‹“/แˆ แˆˆแ‰ฐแˆแŒฅแˆฎ แˆณแ‹ญแŠ•แˆต แ‰ฐแˆแ‰ณแŠžแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ แ‹ญแŠ แˆ˜แˆจแ‰ฅ (Online) แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ แ‹ฉแŠ’แ‰จแˆญแˆฒแ‰ฒ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แ‹ญแˆฐแŒฃแˆแข แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแˆšแˆแ‰ฐแŠ‘ แ‹จแˆ›แˆ…แ‰ แˆซแ‹Š แˆณแ‹ญแŠ•แˆต แ‰ฐแˆแ‰ณแŠžแ‰ฝ แŠจแˆฐแŠ” 30 แŠฅแˆตแŠจ แˆแˆแˆŒ 01/2016 แ‹“/แˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆแŒฅแˆฎ แˆณแ‹ญแŠ•แˆตโ€ฆ
#Update

แ‹จ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แˆ˜แˆแ‰€แ‰‚แ‹ซ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แ‰ แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹จแˆแ‰ตแˆแ‰ฐแŠ‘ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹ แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแŒ แ‹ แ‰ แ‹จ แ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แ‰คแ‰ณแ‰นแˆ… แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แˆˆแˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹แˆ แŠฎแˆแ’แ‹แ‰ฐแˆฎแ‰ฝแฃแˆ‹แ•แ‰ถแ–แ‰ฝแฃแ‰ณแ‰ฅแˆŒแ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ“ แˆŒแˆŽแ‰ฝ แŒแ‰ฅแŠ แ‰ถแ‰ฝ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ แŠแ‹แข

แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แˆ™แˆ‰ แ‰ แˆ™แˆ‰ แ‰ แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแˆฐแŒฅ แ‹ญแŒ แ‰ แ‰ƒแˆแข
Source: Atc
#Medicine

แˆตแˆˆ แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แ‰ตแŠ•แˆฝ แˆแ‰ แˆ‹แ‰นแˆ…

๐Ÿ“ก แŒฅแˆฉ แ‹แŒคแ‰ต แˆ›แˆแŒฃแ‰ต แŠฅแˆตแŠจแ‰ปแˆ‹แ‰ฝแˆแŠ“ แŒแ‰ขแ‹ซแ‰นแˆ… แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแˆฐแŒฅ แŠฅแˆญแŒแŒ แŠ› แŠฅแˆตแŠจแˆ†แŠ“แ‰นแˆ… แ‹ตแˆจแˆต แ‹ซแˆˆแˆแŠ•แˆ แŒฅแˆญแŒฅแˆญ แˆ…แŠญแˆแŠ“ แˆ›แŒฅแŠ“แ‰ต แ‰ตแ‰ฝแˆ‹แˆ‹แ‰นแˆ


แˆ€แŒˆแˆซแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ณแ‹ˆแ‰€แ‹ แŠจแแ‰ฐแŠ› แ‹จแˆ†แŠ แ‹จแˆ€แŠชแˆžแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŒฅแˆจแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆˆ แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ แ‹จแˆตแˆซ แŠฅแ‹ตแˆ‰ แŒแŠ• แ‰ฅแ‹™แ‹Žแ‰ปแ‰นแˆ… แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆแ‰ณแˆตแ‰กแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆแ‰ฅ แŠ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆˆแˆ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญ แ‰ แ‹šแˆ… แ‹ˆแ‰…แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ…แŠญแˆแŠ“ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆจแ‰ แ‹ถแŠญแ‰ฐแˆฎแ‰ฝแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแ‹ตแˆฎแ‹ แˆ˜แŠ•แŒแˆตแ‰ต แˆณแ‹ญแˆ†แŠ• แˆซแˆณแ‰ธแ‹ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹ แˆตแˆซ แˆแˆˆแŒˆแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแ‰€แŒ แˆฉแ‰ต แ‰ขแˆ†แŠ•แˆ แŒแŠ• แ‰ แŠ แŒญแˆญ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹แˆตแŒฅ แ‹จแŒแˆ แˆตแˆซ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแˆซแ‰ต แŒฅแˆฉ แŠฅแ‹ตแˆ แŠ แˆˆแ‹ แข


แˆแŠ•แˆ แŒฅแ‹ซแ‰„ แ‹จแˆŒแˆˆแ‹ แŠแŒˆแˆญ แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŒฅแˆฉ แ‹แŒคแ‰ต แˆŠแŠ–แˆซแ‰นแˆ… แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃ แŠแ‹ แค แŒแ‰ข แˆตแ‰ตแŒˆแ‰ก แ‰ แˆ˜แŒ€แˆ˜แˆชแ‹ซแ‹ แˆดแˆšแˆตแ‰ฐแˆญ แŒฅแˆฉ แŒแˆฌแ‹ต แˆŠแŠ–แˆซแ‰นแˆ… แŒแ‹ต แ‹ญแˆ‹แˆ(50%) แค แŠขแŠ•แ‰ตแˆซแŠ•แˆตแˆ แŠจ20% แ‹‹แŒ‹ แŠ แˆˆแ‹ แ‹จแˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แˆ˜แŒแ‰ขแ‹ซ COC แ‹ฐแŒแˆž 30%

แŒแ‰ขแ‹ซแ‰นแˆ… แ‰ แˆšแ‰€แ‰ แˆˆแ‹ แŠฎแ‰ณ แˆแŠญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆˆ แ‹แŒคแ‰ต แ‹ซแˆตแˆ˜แ‹˜แŒˆแ‰ก แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰นแŠ• แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แ‰ แˆแˆญแŒซแ‰ธแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆ›แˆฉ แ‹ญแ‹ฐแˆญแŒ‹แˆ


แˆแŒฃแˆช แˆจแ‹ตแ‰ทแ‰นแˆ… แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แˆˆแˆแ‰ตแŒˆแ‰ก Full year Course

๐Ÿงฟ Pre-medical modules (16 weeks)

๐Ÿ“Œ Basic English Skills
๐Ÿ“Œ Communicative Skill
๐Ÿ“Œ Basic Writing skills
๐Ÿ“Œ Computer Application in Medicine
๐Ÿ“Œ Medical Psychology
๐Ÿ“Œ Medical Sociology and Anthropology
๐Ÿ“Œ Civics and Ethics

โ™จ๏ธ Vacation: 2

โ–ถ๏ธ Pre-clinical Year I (Year 1)

๐Ÿ“Œ Body structure, Organization and Functions โ€“ I
๐Ÿ“Œ Body structure, Organization and Functions โ€“ II
๐Ÿ“Œ Metabolic Homeostasis and Molecular Genetics
๐Ÿ“Œ Basic concepts of Disease and Therapy


โ™จ๏ธVacation: 2 weeks

๐Ÿ“Œ Measurment of Health and Diseases

๐Ÿ“Œ Blood and Immunity

๐Ÿ“Œ Neoplasia and Molecular Basis of Cancer

๐Ÿ“Œ Musculoskeletal, Integumentary and Craniofacial Regions

โ–ถ๏ธ Pre-Clinical Year II (Year 2)

๐Ÿ“Œ Cardioipulmonary System

๐Ÿ“Œ Nutrition, Metabolic diseases and the GIT

๐Ÿ“Œ Urinary system and Toxicology

๐Ÿ“Œ Infectious Disease

โ™จ๏ธVacation: 2 weeks

๐Ÿ“Œ Determinents of Health and Disease and research Methodology

๐Ÿ“Œ Endocrinology and Reproduction

๐Ÿ“Œ Neurosciences and Behavior

โ–ถ๏ธ1. Clinical Year I (Year 3)

๐Ÿ“ŒClinical Methods
๐Ÿ“ŒMedical ethics and law I
Internal Medicine I
๐Ÿ“ŒSurgery I
Obstetrics and Gynecology I
Paediatrics and Child Health I

โ–ถ๏ธ1. Clinical year II (Year 4 and 5)

๐Ÿ“ŒHealth Promotion and Disease Prevention
๐Ÿ“ŒHealth Management and Policy
๐Ÿ“ŒOtorhinolaryngology (ENT)
๐Ÿ“ŒOphthalmology
๐Ÿ“ŒDentistry
๐Ÿ“ŒDermatology
๐Ÿ“ŒIntroduction to Gender

โ™จ๏ธVacation: 2 weeks

๐Ÿ“Œ Paediatrics and Child
๐Ÿ“Œ Health I
๐Ÿ“ŒObstetrics and Gynecology II

๐Ÿ“Œ Diagnostic Radiology
๐Ÿ“Œ Medical Ethics and Law II
๐Ÿ“Œ Rural community Health Practice

โ™จ๏ธVacations: 2 weeks

๐Ÿ“Œ Internal Medicine II
๐Ÿ“Œ Surgery II
๐Ÿ“Œ Psychiatry
๐Ÿ“Œ Emergency Medicine


๐Ÿ’Ž แ‹ญแˆ… แŠจแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒ แ‰€แˆฐแ‹ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แŠซแˆชแŠฉแˆˆแˆ แ‹จแŒฅแ‰แˆญ แŠ แŠ•แ‰ แˆณ แˆ†แˆตแ’แ‰ฒแˆ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‹จแˆšแˆ›แˆฉแ‰ แ‰ต แ‹จแ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆตแˆญแ‹“แ‰ต แˆฒแˆ†แŠ• แŠจแ‹ฉแŠ•แ‰จแˆญแˆฒแ‰ฒแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŒ‹แˆญ แŠ แŠ•แ‹ณแŠ•แ‹ต แˆ˜แ‹‹แ‰…แˆฎแ‰น แ‰ขแˆˆแ‹ซแ‹ฉแˆ แ‰ฅแ‹™ แŠแŒˆแˆฎแ‰น แŒแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆณแˆณแ‹ญ แŠ“แ‰ธแ‹



๐Ÿ’ฐแˆตแˆˆ แˆตแˆซ แŠฅแ‹ตแˆ‰ แŠฅแŠ“ แ‰ฐแ‹ซแ‹ซแ‹ฅ แ‹จแˆ…แŠญแˆแŠ“ แ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒแ‹Žแ‰ฝแŠ• แ‰ แˆŒแˆ‹ แŒŠแ‹œ แ‹จแˆแŠ•แ‹ณแˆตแˆตแˆ‹แ‰นแˆ… แ‹ญแˆ†แŠ“แˆ แข


๐Ÿ’Œ Caution

แ‰ แŒฃแˆ แŒแŠ• แŠ แ‹ฐแˆซ แˆแˆ‹แ‰นแˆ… แ‹จแˆแˆแˆแŒˆแ‹ แŠแŒˆแˆญ แแˆฌแˆฝแˆ›แŠ• แŠฎแˆญแˆต แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒฅแˆฉ แ‹แŒคแ‰ต แˆตแˆ‹แˆ˜แŒฃแ‰นแˆ… แ‰ฅแ‰ป แŠ แˆแ‹ซแˆ แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แ‹จแˆ˜แˆ›แˆญ แ‹•แ‹ตแˆ แˆตแˆ‹แˆ‹แ‰นแˆ… แ‰ฅแ‰ป แ‹ˆแ‹ญแˆ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฅ แ‹ฐแˆต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆˆแ‹ แ‰ฅแˆ‹แ‰นแˆ… แˆœแ‹ฒแˆตแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แŒแ‰ฃแ‰ต แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ณแ‰ตแ‹ˆแˆตแŠ‘ แˆแŠญแŠ•แ‹ซแ‰ฑแˆ แ‹ญแˆ… แ‹จแ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆ˜แˆตแŠญ แŠจแˆแˆ‰แˆ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ OVER LOAD แˆตแˆ‹แˆˆแ‹ แ‰ฅแ‹™ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ฑแŠ• แˆ˜แ‰‹แ‰‹แˆ แŠ แ‰…แ‰ทแ‰ธแ‹ แŠจแˆ˜แŒซแˆญแˆ แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แˆตแˆˆแˆšแŒจแˆแˆ‰ แŠ แ‰…แˆ›แ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แŠ แ‹แ‰ƒแ‰นแˆ… แŠจแแˆ‹แŒŽแ‰ณแ‰นแˆ… แŒ‹แˆญ แˆˆแˆ›แˆตแˆ›แˆ›แ‰ต แˆžแŠญแˆฉ แค แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆˆแ‹ญ แˆถแˆตแ‰ฑแŠ• แ‰ฐแŠจแ‰ณแ‰ณแ‹ญ แŠ แˆ˜แ‰ณแ‰ต แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแŒกแ‰ต แŠฎแˆญแˆถแ‰ฝ แŠจแˆแ‰ณแˆตแ‰กแ‰ต แ‰ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŒซแŠ“ แˆŠแŠ–แˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ แŠ แ‹แ‰ƒแ‰นแˆ… แŠจแ‹ˆแ‹ฒแˆ แŠ แ‰…แˆ›แ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แฃ แ‰ฝแˆŽแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆแˆ แ‰ฐแŠแˆณแˆฝแŠแ‰ณแ‰ฝแˆแŠ• แˆแ‰ตแˆน!!

Source
- Atc
@EthiopianStudentsTM
แˆˆ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แ‰ฅแˆ„แˆซแ‹Š แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆžแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ดแˆญ แŠ แˆณแˆฐแ‰ แข

      
(แ‰€แŠ• แˆšแ‹ซแ‹šแ‹ซ 23/ 2016 แ‹“.แˆ)แ‹จแŠ แŒ แ‰ƒแˆ‹แ‹ญ แ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆแˆ›แ‰ต แ‹˜แˆญแ แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹ดแŠคแ‰ณ แ‹ˆ/แˆฎ แŠ แ‹จแˆˆแ‰ฝ แŠฅแˆธแ‰ด แ‰ แŒ‰แ‹ณแ‹ฉ แ‹™แˆชแ‹ซ แ‰ แ‰ฐแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ€ แ‹จแŠ แˆฐแˆแŒฃแŠžแ‰ฝ แˆตแˆแŒ แŠ“ แˆ›แŒ แ‰ƒแˆˆแ‹ซ แˆ‹แ‹ญ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแŒˆแˆˆแŒนแ‰ต แ‹จ2016 แ‹จ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แ‰ฅแˆ„แˆซแ‹Š แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แŠ“ แŠฆแˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แŠจแˆแˆ‰แˆ แŠญแˆแˆŽแ‰ฝ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆจแŒก 25 แŠจแ‰ฐแˆžแ‰ฝ แˆˆแˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แŠแ‹แข


แ‰ แ‹ˆแˆจแ‰€แ‰ต แŠจแˆšแˆฐแŒ แ‹ แŠ แŒˆแˆญ แŠ แ‰€แ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แŒŽแŠ• แˆˆแŒŽแŠ• แ‰ แ‰ดแŠญแŠ–แˆŽแŒ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแŒแŽ แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแŒ แ‹ แ‹จแŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠจแ‰ฆแ‰ณ แ‰ฆแ‰ณ แˆณแ‹ญแŒ“แŒ“แ‹™ แ‰ แ‹จแŠ แŠซแ‰ฃแ‰ขแ‹ซแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰คแ‰ฐแˆฐแ‰ฆแ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹ แŒ‹แˆญ แŠฅแ‹ซแ‹ฐแˆฉ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ฑ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹ดแŠคแ‰ณแ‹‹ แ‰ฐแŠ“แŒแˆจแ‹‹แˆแข


แ‰ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แˆ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆฐแŒฅแ‰ฃแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆ˜แˆจแŒก แŠจแ‰ฐแˆžแ‰ฝ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹แŠ• แ‰ แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแ‹ˆแˆตแ‹ฑ แ‹จแ‹šแˆ… แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต แ‹จ12แŠ› แŠญแแˆ แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠจแ‹ˆแ‹ฒแˆ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹˜แŒ‹แŒ แ‹ˆ/แˆฎ แŠ แ‹จแˆˆแ‰ฝ แŠ แˆณแˆตแ‰ แ‹‹แˆแข


แ‰ แ‹จแ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒแ‹ แ‹จแˆšแŒˆแŠ™ แ‰ฃแˆˆแ‹ตแˆญแˆป แŠ แŠซแˆ‹แ‰ตแˆ แŠจแ‹ˆแ‹ฒแˆ แ‰ แ‰…แŠ•แŒ…แ‰ต แ‰ แˆ˜แˆตแˆซแ‰ต แˆƒแˆ‹แŠแŠแ‰ณแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แˆŠแ‹ˆแŒก แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆ แŒ แ‰แˆ˜แ‹‹แˆแข


แ‹ˆแˆ‹แŒ†แ‰ฝ แˆตแˆˆแˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹ แ‹จแ‰ฐแˆปแˆˆ แŠ แˆจแ‹ณแ‹ตแŠ“ แŒแŠ•แ‹›แ‰ค แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแŠ–แˆซแ‰ธแ‹ แˆแŒ†แ‰ปแ‰ธแ‹แŠ• แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแ‹ฐแŒแ‰แŠ“ แ‰ แˆซแˆต แˆ˜แ‰ฐแˆ›แˆ˜แŠ• แ‹ˆแ‹ฐแˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹ แˆŠแŒˆแ‰ก แ‹จแˆšแ‰ฝแˆ‰แ‰ แ‰ตแŠ• แ‹•แ‹ตแˆ แˆŠแˆแŒฅแˆฉ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฐแˆšแŒˆแ‰ฃแˆ แŠ แˆ˜แˆ‹แŠญแ‰ฐแ‹‹แˆแข


แŠจแˆšแ‰€แŒฅแˆˆแ‹ แ‹“แˆ˜แ‰ต แŒ€แˆแˆฎแˆ แ‰ แŠฆแŠ• แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แ‹จแˆšแˆฐแŒ แ‹แŠ• แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ แ‰ แ‰ฐแˆปแˆˆ แ‹ฐแˆจแŒƒ แ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆซแˆฝ แˆˆแˆ›แ‹ตแˆจแŒ แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแˆฐแˆซ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ•แˆ แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ตแˆญ แ‹ดแŠคแ‰ณแ‹‹ แŒ แ‰แˆ˜แ‹‹แˆแข


แ‹จแŠ แŒˆแˆญ แŠ แ‰€แ แ‹จแ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆแ‹˜แŠ“แŠ“ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹Žแ‰ฝ แŠ แŒˆแˆแŒแˆŽแ‰ต แ‹‹แŠ“ แ‹ณแ‹ญแˆฌแŠญแ‰ฐแˆญ แ‹จแˆ†แŠ‘แ‰ต แŠฅแˆธแ‰ฑ แŠจแ‰ แ‹ฐ (แ‹ถ/แˆญ) แ‰ แ‰ แŠฉแˆ‹แ‰ธแ‹ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แŠ• แˆˆแ‰ฐแˆ›แˆชแ‹Žแ‰ฝ แ‰ แŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แˆ˜แˆตแŒ แ‰ต แˆแ‰นแŠ“ แ‰€แˆ‹แˆ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ• แ‰ แ‹šแˆ แŒŠแ‹œ แŒ แ‰…แˆฐแ‹ แ‹จแŠฆแŠ•แˆ‹แ‹ญแŠ• แ‰ฐแˆแ‰ณแŠžแ‰ฝ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“แ‹แŠ• แŠจแˆ˜แ‹แˆฐแ‹ณแ‰ธแ‹ แ‰ แŠแ‰ต แ‹ฐแŒ‹แŒแˆ˜แ‹ แŠฅแŠ•แ‹ฒแˆˆแˆ›แˆ˜แ‹ฑ แ‹จแˆšแ‹ซแˆตแ‰ฝแˆ แ‰…แ‹ตแˆ˜ แ‹แŒแŒ…แ‰ต แŠฅแ‹จแ‰ฐแ‹ฐแˆจแŒˆ แˆ˜แˆ†แŠ‘แŠ•แˆ แŠจแ‰ตแˆแˆ…แˆญแ‰ต แˆšแŠ’แˆตแ‰ดแˆญ แ‹จแ‰ฐแŒˆแŠ˜แ‹ แˆ˜แˆจแŒƒ แ‹ซแˆณแ‹ซแˆแข
โ™ป๏ธ Important Notes - Electrochemical Cells โ™ป๏ธ

โ–บ An electrochemical cell can convert electrical energy to chemical energy and can also convert electrical energy to chemical energy. There are two types of electrochemical cells- Galvanic cell and Electrolytic cell.

โ–บ Cathodes are usually metal electrodes. It is the electrode where reduction takes place. The cathode is the positive electrode in a galvanic cell and a negative electrode in an electrolytic cell. Electrons move into the cathode.

โ–บ A half-cell is half of an electrochemical cell (electrolytic or galvanic), where either oxidation or reduction occurs. At equilibrium, there is no transfer of electrons across the half cells. Therefore, the potential difference between them is nil.

โ–บ A salt bridge is a device used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a galvanic cell (a type of electrochemical cell). Strong electrolytes are generally used to make the salt bridges in electrochemical cells. Since ZnSO4 is not a strong electrolyte, it is not used to make salt bridges.

โ–บ Emf of a cell is equal to the maximum potential difference across its electrodes, which occurs when no current is drawn through the cell. It can also be defined as the net voltage between the oxidation and reduction half-reactions.

โ–บ Cell potential is an intensive property as it is independent of the amount of material present. Gibbs free energy is defined for an electrochemical cell and is an extensive property as it depends on the quantity of the material.

โ–บ Electrode potential is the tendency of an electrode to accept or to lose electrons. Electrode potential depends on the nature of the electrode, temperature of the solution and the concentration of metal ions in the solution. It doesnโ€™t depend on the size of the electrode.

โ–บ The salt bridge connects the two half-cell solutions to complete the circuit of the electrochemical cell. The electrolytes of the salt bridge are generally prepared in agar-agar or gelatin so that the electrolytes are kept in a semi-solid phase and do not mix with the half-cell solutions and interfere with the electrochemical reaction.

โ–บ A salt bridge is a junction that connects the anodic and cathodic compartments in a cell or electrolytic solution. It maintains electrical neutrality within the internal circuit, preventing the cell from rapidly running its reaction to equilibrium.

โ–บ A Voltaic or Galvanic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Photovoltaic cells are used to convert light energy into electrical energy. An Electrolytic cell is a type of electrochemical cell that converts electrical energy into chemical energy. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidizing agent into electricity.

โ–บ For all spontaneous chemical reactions, the change in Gibbs free energy (ฮ”Gยฐ) is always negative. For a spontaneous reaction in an electrolytic cell, the cell potential (Eยฐcell) should be positive.

โ–บ In an electrochemical cell, when an opposing externally potential is applied and increased slowly, the reaction continues to take place. When the external potential is equal to the potential of the cell, the reaction stops. Once the externally applied potential is greater than the potential of the cell, the reaction goes in the opposite direction and the cell behaves like an electrolytic cell.

โ–บ Primary cells cannot be used again and again. Since there is no fluid inside, these cells are also known as dry cells. The internal resistance is high and the chemical reaction is irreversible. Their initial cost is cheap.

โ–บ A secondary battery (a series of cells) is one which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times. Nickel-cadmium cell, Lead storage cell and Mercury cell are examples of secondary cells. Leclanche cell is an example of a primary cell.


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#Alkene_and_Addition_Reaction ๐Ÿ˜Š

1โƒฃ Why is propene stronger than ethene ?

2โƒฃ How do you distinguish alkene from alkane ?
By what chemical test ?

3โƒฃ Why is double bond more reactive than single bond ?

4โƒฃ Why do alkenes readily react with other compounds ?

๐Ÿ“ฅ Share your answers in  ( @EntranceGroup9_12 ) group.
#Bernoulli's principle

Bernoulli's principle is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that states that as the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases, and vice versa. In simple terms, it is about the relationship between the speed and pressure of a fluid in motion.

The formula for Bernoulli's principle is:

P + 1/2 * ฯ * v^2 + ฯ * g * h = constant

where:
P is the pressure of the fluid,
ฯ is the density of the fluid,
v is the velocity of the fluid,
g is the acceleration due to gravity, and
h is the height of the fluid above a reference point.

In a nutshell, Bernoulli's principle describes how the total energy of a fluid flowing through a pipe or over an object remains constant along the flow path, meaning an increase in the fluid's speed results in a decrease in pressure, and vice versa. This principle has applications in various fields like aviation, meteorology, and engineering. ๐ŸŒŠโœˆ๏ธ๐Ÿ”ง
แ‹จแŠ แ‹ฒแˆต แŠ แ‰ แ‰ฃ แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แฃ แ‹จแŠ แˆซแ‹ณ แŠญ/แŠจแ‰ฐแˆ› แ‹จแŠ“แ‰นแˆซแˆŽแ‰ฝ 2016แ‹“แˆ 2แŠ› แˆดแˆšแˆตแ‰ฐแˆญ แˆžแ‹ดแˆ แˆแ‰ฐแŠ“ (Model Question) โฌ‡๏ธ  แกแก
โ˜†Chemical Compounds Names -

โ˜… Acetic acid formula
โžท  CH3COOH
โ˜… Aluminium hydroxide formula
โžท Al(OH)3
โ˜… Acetate formula
โžท CH3COO-
โ˜… Acetone formula
โžท C3H6O
โ˜… Aluminium acetate formula
โžท Al2O(C2H3O2)4
โ˜… Aluminum bromide formula 
โžท AlBr3
โ˜… Aluminum carbonate formula
โžท Al2(CO3)3
โ˜… Aluminum chloride formula 
โžท AlCl3
โ˜… Aluminum fluoride formula 
โžท AlF3
โ˜… Aluminum formula
โžท Al
โ˜… Aluminum iodide formula
โžท AlI3
โ˜… Aluminum oxide formula
โžท Al2O3
โ˜… Aluminum phosphate formula
โžท AlPO4
โ˜… Amino acid formula  
โžท R(NH2)-COOH
โ˜… Ammonia formula 
โžท NH4
โ˜… Ammonium dichromate formula
โžท Cr2H8N2O7

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