Gap analysis  by EU

SALIENT FEATURES OF WORLD PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY;IMPORTANT GEOPHYSICAl PHENOMENA(EARTHQUAKES,TSUNAMI,VOLCANOES,CYCLONES);

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND THEIR LOCATION  (Fjords in 2023)

-CHANGES IN CRITICAL GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES(INCLUDING WATER BODIES AND ICE-CAPS)AND IN FLORA AND FAUNA AND THE EFFECT S OF SUCH CHANGES

(2023- freshwater resources,
Climate change,
SW monsoon
Diversity of natural vegetation (Flora se) Fauna pending)
)

DISTRIBUTION OF KEY NATURAL RESOURCES ACROSS THE WORLD(INCLUDING SOUTH ASIA AND THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT)
( 2023 - long coast line )

FACTORSRESPONSIBLEFORTHELOCATIONOFPRIMARY,SECONDARY,ANDTERTIARYSECTORINDUSTRIESINVARIOUSPARTSOFTHEWORLD(INCLUDINGINDIA)

(-----Gap------)


geography CSM 2024
Revision pointers and gap analysis by Equation upsc !

I)
Physical Geography
Gap - Tsunami (preference)
           EQ( 2nd)
Volcano ( 3rd)
Cyclone ( 2022 mein he aya h)
Sea mountainsand ridges
Auroras

Landslide/landslips
Urban floods/flashfloods


Conceptual - types of islands especially volcanic and coral islands
Coral reefs.
Or
Oceanography ( gap) ( ocean currents and related features revised karlo)
Western disturbances ( Indian context and significance) ( V imp)
Type of rains and cloud formation


Teleconnection weather phenomenons -Elnino, rosby, atmospheric oscillations and thr impacts( floods to forest fires)

II)
a)Polar ice cap melting or Himalayan glaciers melting causes and impacts.
(Gap)

b) Water stress in India - related / Ground water crises issue
River flood plain issue

III)
Distribution of energy resources - Nuclear, solar, other unique like lithium mineral or ocean thermal or tidal etc in world

( wind came in 2022, )

IV)
Factor responsible of location of industry - ( gap!!!)
Learn gnrl factors ( Weber) to be used in any question

Thn do coal , petroleum based  ,,, automobile, cotton/textile, jute, sugarcane (pet)
Latest industries like tertiary, ( IT sector) to mobile phone manufacturing industry location factor

( iron steel came in 2021-2 )

Please remember 1,II,III, IV  topic se separate questions aynge
So at least 4 almost to 7-8

Sbse jyada importance IV thn 1 then III and II
Bold wali chizo pe jyada dhyan

All the best
- Equation UPSC!

Ye last time ka geography ka hai
Auroras agya tha... directly
Cyclone pe 2 agye the...

Ground water resources decline etc pe agya tha

Baki k karlo✌️😄

Sir I am very weak in essay... suggest some way to improve marks in essay... my marks in essay in previous mains- 84,89,100,103


reply-

first of all,,, no one is weak in essay,,, marks are just relative thing in upsc marksheet...
you cannot compare two years marks,,,(directly)

you can get 110 whn avg score.in essay is 140
and 110 when avg score is 100...


try to see things in that perspective...
its all relative ,, GS marks , essay marks are normalised score not raw score in your marksheet



now after understanding this thing,,, anyday 130+ can be scored ,,, just see what is the basic things needed for an essay for any topic,,,,
1) dimensions
2) flow( v imp)
3) conciseness
4) positive attitude/ inclusiveness
5) uniqueness ( some points of your own analysis)
6) live examples/simple examples/substantiation
7) your attitude towards downtrodden
8) your approach towards life

If you have these things naturally good...
If you don't have put them mechanically,,, use those words lines Paras jinse ye dikhe ...
you need to tell examiner these things through your essay! its an one on one conversation!
(or atleast keep things in mind so that inki dimensions include ho sake )

same baat ko likhne k Kai tarike hote hain,, you need to have that skill jis tarike mein same knowledge set se baat jo kahi hai, wo positivity ki taraf gyi h,,, and show kr rhi h you are apt candidate for civil services!

remember its not an English grammar essay( though language is imp but not that imp like an essay of English compulsory paper)
the score points are different in these two....
Here essay is having psychological dimension for assessment...
( psychologist may be checker of your essay - the possibility no one can deny)

no matter how good you write ( good is a relative thing..one sentence can chnge your marks)..,, If your personality which is coming out from essay is negtive /mot suitable for civil services ( but can be for other works like critics/media/politics/activists/ rebel...etc hope you are getting my point...,, you cannot get good marks...(or marks your thought you must hv gotten)
its a test for your personality ( as per the committee by which it was introduced in mains)
these are basic things you should keep in mind before attempting any topic,,, i iwll let you knw brainstorm kaise krna hai .. maine just after last essay paper withing 10 min of paper out k baad ek kia tha channel pe posted hai,,,...


rest thoda time milne pe video bnaunga,,,busy in personal stuff....

jab tak you just see toppers essay...
cover theme wise essay
(just read and imbibe the ideas...
how they are starting
ending
chnging paras
telling themes
giving examples
phrases
punchlines...)

jab ye raw material pe kam hojyga,,, ek method mein bta dunga,,, taki koi b essay handle ho sake👍

This exam is for recruiting servants not masters/rebels!
(((
Servant here is society k servants,, constitution/ law of the land k servants,, implementers,,, sirf nusk nhi nikalna,,, solution orientation se service hoti h... Nuskh nikalna ya to masters ka kam hai ya rebels kam... For service ... leadership/ dominant attitude/problem solving attitude/ competency is required .. )))

Same knowledge skill set with a direction/way can make a substantial difference in your marks✌️

#CSM2025

Gap analysis and imp topics from GS2. @equationupsc

1) welfare schemes for vulnerable section of the population by the centre and state....

2) Role of NGOs in development process
Or
Role of SHGs development process

3) Education sector issues therof (imp in gap)
( Health sector asked in 2024 but still frequency is high)

4) issues related to poverty and hunger ( high frequency)

5) governance - important aspects, transprency and accountability
( Citizen charter - no gap,
E governance - no gap but imp due to frequency)

6) Statutory, regulatory and various quasi judicial bodies - tribunal asked in 2024 ..
Remaining? Chief election commission is imp being constitutional body and quasi judicial
Plus Finance commission

Regulatory mein- ED, CBI

7) constitutional bodies-
In 2024 CAG agya tha
So
Imp-
a) Governor
b) President( recently news related to pocket veto etc?)
c) advocate ,attorney genrl
d) SC ST BC commission etc( it's imp as bodies constited for vulnerable section mein bhi overlapping hai
e) Election commission ( imp ya to regularity/quasi judicial wale m ya yha aane k chances hain)


8) role of Civil service (not in gap) not that imp

9) RPA ( in gap) imp any news or ammendment?

10) judicial orders and working pe ek do question as usual

11) constitutional terms by judiciary etc ( law point of view)pe ek question ata hai,, search these if you have time
Like constitutional morality , harmonious construction etc etc

12) comparison with other constitution ( not in gap)
But still US k sath 2024 mein puccha to UK ka gap hai if at all

13)federal structure issues and challenges ( question every year)

14) ULB/panchayati raj devolution of power ( not in gap but imp as usual)

15) doctrine basic structure ( V imp) ( frequency and gap)

16) parliamentary committees, function and power and privilege of Members

17) seperation of power and dispute redressal mechanism and institutions ( 1 question atleast every year)

International relations- 2-3 questions

18) India and neighbourhood -
Pakistan ( though in news but upsc usse pehle wale news se jyada pucchta h) like Bangladesh askta h ya nepal fir pak ka numbr hai, uske baad afghan, srilanka and last m Myanmar

19) bilateral /regional/global groupings + question every year, Current se .. US ki involvement ki koi body/policy ka impact on India yha se askta h ,,china k sath link bhi YHI se ata h SCO
etc
waise 2024 mein
Ab russia/US imp

20) effect of policies of West on India's interest - yha bhi US ka bnta h ya europian union,,, iska china wala last year agya tha ,,, ab dekho...

21 ) international institutions - UN , WTO etc...

All the best for CSE mains 2025! ✨😇

Happy Diwali to all of you!✨

I guess all imp things are covered related to this topic
( One things left is ground based generator method is also used in cloud seeding)

Shared just to show how to read and make questions from important current events especially related to science and technology

This can be done to every imp theme and concept in news or your static subjects...
Along with long lasting knowledge it also provides confidence ,, coz many a times direct questions aate hai ese he... Especially in UPSC CSE, those who follow this channel jante hain ye...

Marked official answer key HPSC TO ATO ( for haryana students/members appeared in this exam)

In my opinion considering various facts and level of exam

There were 48-49 ( tough/random and factual questions considering the crowd meant for TO paper)
And 17 medium questions
Rest easy questions

Plus 15 times needs to be shortlisted

Around 51+ is a good score in this exam

And cutoff can be around 42.5+/-2

And some reservation cutoff would be 33 only ( as lowest qualifying marks)
EWS can be between these two or 33

WR-CSME-2025-Engl-RollList-111125.pdf

UPSC CSE ( mains) 2025 result

RollwiseMarks_TO_ATO_13_11_2025.pdf

Cutoff for UR
As per this
If hpsc stays apne procedure pe
32-3 = 29* 15 = 435th = 50.5263 or 50.263( if atleast 6 PWD not from Gen)
BCA - ~ 44.4737( 137th candidate in BCA)
And if ESM and PWD minus nhi hoke pehle wale pe hua to 50

UPSC-EPFO-EO-AO-and-APFC-Result-APFC.pdf

UPSC-EPFO-EO-AO-and-APFC-Result-EO_-AO.pdf

Happy New year 2026 ! ✨🍀🌟