📖Dars #41 Must va have to modal fe'llarining qo'llanishi (II qism)

4️⃣ must modal fe'li majburiyatni bildirish uchun faqat hozirgi zamonda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸She must see the doctor today.

✳️ Boshqa zamonlarda esa have to modal fe'lining tuslangan shakllari qoʻllashimiz zarur.
▫️Past simple tense- Ega+had to+V1
▫️Present perfect simple tense - Ega+have/has had to+V1
▫️Past perfect simple tense - Ega+had had to+V1
▫️Future simple tense - Ega+ will have to+V1
▫️Present continuous tense - Ega+am/is/are having to+V1

✳️ Misollar:
🔸She had to see the doctor yesterday. (U doctor bilan koʻrishishga majbur boʻldi/toʻg'ri keldi)
🔸She will have to see the doctor tomorrow.
🔸She has had to see the doctor for a few times in the past three weeks.
🔸She had had to see the doctor before she had an operation.
🔸She is having to do a lot of work these days.

5️⃣ have to modal fe'li boshqa modal fe'llardan keyin ham qoʻllanila oladi. Masalan: may/might modal fe'llaridan keyin.
🔸She may have to see the doctor.

6️⃣ Boʻlishsiz shaklda qoʻllanilganda mustn't+V1 va don't/doesn't have to +V1 hozirgi zamonda bir-biridan umuman farq qiladi.
⚠️mustn't+V1 qurilmasi -maslik shart degan ma'noni, ya'ni taqiqni bildiradi.
🔸You mustn't walk on the grass. (Maysa ustida yurish mumkin emas/taqiqlangan)
🔸You mustn't shout in the library.

⚠️mustn't+V1 shakli faqat hozirgi zamonda taqiqni bildirgani sababli oʻtgan zamonda taqiqni bildirish uchun turli xil boshqa fe'llardan foydalaniladi. Masalan:
🔸You weren't allowed to enter the building. (allow fe'li)
🔸It was forbidden for you to enter the building. (forbid fe'li)

✅ don't/doesn't have to +V1 qurilmasi 'shart emas, qilmasa ham boʻladi 'degan ma'nolarni, ya'ni biror ish-harakat qilish majburiy emasligini anglatadi.
🔸It's Sunday tomorrow. I don't have to get up early. (Ertaga yakshanba. Men erta turishim shart emas.)
🔸You don't have to shout. I can hear you well.

✅ Oʻtgan zamonda have to modal fe'li boʻlishsiz gaplarda didn't have to shaklini oladi va 'shart emas edi qilmasa ham boʻlardi ' degan ma'nolarni anglatadi.
🔸I didn't have to get up early, it was Sunday. (Erta turishim shart emas edi, yakshanba kuni edi.)
🔸I managed to do a lot of work yesterday because I didn't have to cook.

7️⃣ must modal soʻzi ba'zan kuchli maslahat berish (strong recommendation) ma'nosida ham qoʻllaniladi.
🔸She is a very nice person. You must meet her.

✳️ have to modal fe'li oʻrniga hozirgi zamonda have/has got to shaklida ham qoʻllaniladi. Bunday qurilmani og'zaki nutqda koʻp uchratamiz va odatda bir martalik ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I have got to take a taxi today. There is no bus and I am going to be late.

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📖Dars #1 Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi

🔸Dunyodagi deyarli barcha tillarda zamon kategoriyasi mavjud.
🔸Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi “tense” atamasi bilan ifodalanadi.
🔸Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon quyidagicha izohlangan:

▪️tense – a form of verb used for showing when something happens. For example, ‘I goʻ is the present tense and ‘I went’ is the past tense.
ℹ️Ya'ni, zamon- bu biror ish-harakatning qachon sodir boʻlganligini koʻrsatadigan fe’l shaklidir, Masalan “Men boraman” - bu hozirgi zamon, “Men bordim” esa oʻtgan zamondir.
💡Demak, zamon ish-harakatning qachon bajaril(ayot)ganligi nazarda tutadi.

▶️Xulosa: Ish-harakat qachon bajarilayotganligi yoki bajarilganligiga qarab oʻzimizga kerak boʻlgan grammatik qoliplarni (zamonlar shakli) tanlaymiz.

💡Ingliz tilida zamonlar 4 ta katta guruhga boʻlinib oʻrganiladi:
1️⃣Present Tenses: (Hozirgi zamonlar guruhi):
🔸Present Continuous Tense
🔸Present Simple Tense
🔸Present Perfect Tense
🔸Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2️⃣Past Tenses (Oʻtgan zamonlar guruhi):
🔸Past Continuous Tense
🔸Past Simple Tense
🔸Past Perfect Tense
🔸Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3️⃣Future Tenses (Kelasi zamonlar guruhi):
🔸Future Continuous Tense
🔸Future Simple Tense
🔸Future Perfect Tense
🔸Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4️⃣Future in the Past Tenses (Oʻtgan kelasi zamonlar guruhi)
🔸Future Continuous in the Past Tense
🔸Future Simple in the Past Tense
🔸Future Perfect in the Past Tense
🔸Future Perfect Continuous in the Past Tense

💡E’tibor bergan boʻlsangiz, har bir zamon guruhidagi zamonlarda harakatning qay tarzda bajarilishini ifodalashda umumiylik mavjud:

▪️continuous – davomiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning davomiyligi ta'kidlanadi.
🔸I am working – Men ishlayapman. (Present continuous)
🔸I was working - Men ishlayotgan edim. (Past continuous)
🔸I will be working - Men ishlayotgan bo'laman. (Future continuous)

▪️simple- oddiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning sodir boʻlishi yoki boʻlganligi ta'kidlanadi.
🔸I work every day– Men har kuni ishlayman. (Present simple)
🔸I worked yesterday - Men kecha ishladim.(Past simple)
🔸I will work tomorrow - Men ertaga ishlayman. (Future simple)

▪️perfect – tugallangan oddiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning tugallanganligi va natijasi mavjudligi ta'kidlanadi.
🔸I have finished the book – Men kitobni tugatdim. (Present perfect)
🔸I had finished the book - Men kitobni tugatgan edim.(Past perfect)
🔸I will have finished the book - Men kitobni tugatgan bo'laman. (Future perfect)

▪️perfect continuous – tugallangan davomiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning qancha muddat davom etganligi ta'kidlanadi.
🔸I have been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayapman.(Present perfect continuous)
🔸I had been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayotgan edim. (Past perfect continuous)
🔸I will have been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayayotgan bo'laman.(Future perfect continuous)

❤️Kanal sizga yoqqan bo'lsa, mana bu havola orqali a'zo bo'ling
@english_grammar_notes

Stop Saying "GOODBYE!" Use these alternatives to SOUND LIKE A NATIVE

Hi my dears. This video really useful for your grammar and your speaking. See this video and improve your English level

🎧 ESL Podcast series - Podcast 133
▶️ Going to a wedding

💡 ESL podcast is the best proven way to improve your Listening skills. Unfortunately, We don't have the transcript of the audio.

📤Don't forget to listen to this podcast every day and to share it with your friends.

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✳️ Bilib qoʻygan yaxshi 👌

✳️ Ingliz tilida should/ought to modal fe'llarining ma'nosida ishlatiladigan 'had better+V1' qurilmasi mavjud. Bu qurilma odatda og'zaki nutqda, biror ishni qilish yaxshi fikr, yaxshi tanlov ekanligini bildirish uchun ishlatiladi.
🔸 If you're not well, you had better ask Clare to go instead. (Agar siz o'zingizni yaxshi his qilmayotgan bo'lsangiz, Klerdan o'rningizga borishni so'raganingiz yaxshi)

✳️ Mazkur qurilmada 'had' so'zi bo'lishiga qaramasdan, had better+V1 faqat hozirgi zamonda, muayyan vaziyatlar uchun ishlatiladi. O'tgan zamondagi va umumiy ma'nodagi maslahatlar uchun should/ought to ishlatilgani ma'qul.
🔸You should/ought to have caught a later train. (had better have caught emas - Siz keyingi poyezda kelganingiz yaxshi edi)
🔸 I don't think parents should/ought to give children sweets.

✳️ Odatda 'had better' shochilinch vaziyatlarda, yoki tahdid (talab)larni bildirishda ishlatiladi.
🔸There's someone moving about downstairs. We had better call the police, quickly. (Pastda kimdir yurganga o'xshaydi. Biz tezda politsiyani chaqirishimiz kerak)

✳️ Mazkur qurilmaning inkor shakli had better not + V1 hisoblanadi. So'roq gaplarda esa 'had' oldinga chiqadi.
🔸He'd better not be late again or he'll be in trouble.
🔸Had we better get a taxi? ( Should we ...)

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​🔰 Useful and Motivational Reading time 👌

✳️ Today's reading passage is about Aaron Moser, who became a quadriplegic after a serious injury but didn't give up his hope to walk again.
After a serious accident not only ended Aaron Moser’s junior hockey career but made him a quadriplegic, he created a research foundation dedicated to finding a cure for spinal cord injuries.
Some Canadian patriots get themselves a maple leaf tattoo. Aaron Moser got two maple leaves built into his custom-made wheelchair - the one he used to help carry the Olympic torch.
It was an incredibly proud moment when Moser, who calls himself a “super patriot,” helped carry the torch around the arena at the opening of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver. It was also a tribute to him and his courage.
Aaron was only seventeen years old when tragedy struck during a 1998 local junior league hockey game in British Columbia. He was checked into the boards, hit head first, and broke his neck. Aaron’s spinal cord was cut, leaving him a quadriplegic; he has no feeling or movement below his chest.
For Aaron, who was such an athletic and active guy, it was a brutal blow. For his family, it meant adapting their lives and their home to support him, and help him adjust to his new life. It also meant extra expenses.
Aaron Moser’s family, friends, and the entire community pulled together. They set up a trust fund to cover the renovations, equipment, supplies, and other expenses. Soon, the trust fund was swamped with donations - not just from people in the area who knew Aaron, but also from people throughout the world of hockey.
They weren’t just motivated by the tragedy; they were inspired by the way the teenager handled the shocking change to his life. Aaron refused to complain about his fate or to give up hope. He kept insisting that he would work hard enough and long enough to walk again.
The trust fund and Moser’s courage kept attracting donations. After a while, there was enough money not only to help Aaron Moser, but also to set up a foundation in his name - a non-profit group dedicated to helping find a cure for him and others with spinal cord injuries.
Every year, Moser and dedicated volunteers run a golf tournament and other activities to raise money for spinal cord injury research. As of this writing, they have brought in more than $400,000. And every year, they help researchers get a little closer to a cure.
As Moser always says, “I have no doubt that one day I will walk again!”

✳️ 10 Words to learn:
✅ a quadriplegic – oyoq-qo’li falaj inson
✅ spinal cord injury – orqa miya jarohati
✅ a wheelchair – nogironlar aravachasi
✅ the Olympic torch – Olimpiya o’yinlari olovi yonib turgan fonar
✅ a brutal blow – qattiq zarba
✅ extra expenses – qo’shimcha xarajatlar
✅ to swamp – toshib, to’ldirib tashlamoq
✅ courage - jasorat
✅ donation – xayriya, ehson
✅ renovation – yangilanish

💾 If you need the pdf file of this story, click here.

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Yangi kanal ochildi ingliz tilidan gramatikani biz bilan oʻrganing
♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️
@english_grammar_notes
Doʻstlaringizni taklif qiling
👏👏👏👏👏👏👏

📖Dars #43 need fe'lining modal fe'l sifatida qo'llanishi (o'tgan zamon uchun)

✳️ Oʻtgan zamonda need fe'li inkor shaklida ikki xil ma'noga ega va ular bir-biridan biroz farq qiladi.
1️⃣ need modal fe'l sifatida oʻtgan zamonda quyidagi qurilmani hosil qiladi.
▪️Ega+needn't have+past participle (verb+ed)

⚠️needn't have+past participle (verb+ed) qurilmasi ish-harakat bajarilib boʻlganidan keyin shu ishni bajarish shart emas edi degan ma'noda qoʻllaniladi. Ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi buni oldindan bilmagan.
🔸Tom needn't have taken an umbrella. It didn't rain. (Tom zontini olib chiqishi shart emas edi, chunki yomg'ir yog'madi....Albatta bu yerda Tom yomg'ir yog'masligini va zont kerak boʻlmasligini oldindan bilmagan.)
🔸You needn't have bought any eggs. We have a lot of them at home. (Siz tuxum sotib olmasangiz ham boʻlardi. Bizda uyda koʻp edi.)

2️⃣ need oddiy fe'l sifatida oʻtgan zamonda quyidagi qurilmani hosil qiladi.
▪️Ega+didn't need to+V1

⚠️didn't need to+V1 qurilmasi ish-harakat bajarilmasdan oldin shu ishni bajarish shart emas edi degan ma'noda qoʻllaniladi. Ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi buni oldindan bilgan.
🔸I didn't need to buy any eggs. I knew that there were plenty of them at home. (Men tuxum olishim shart emas edi. Men bilardimki, uyda tuxum koʻp edi.)
🔸He didn't need to do that exercise because he had already passed the exam.

✳️ Oʻtgan zamonda esa didn't need to+V1 qurilmasi ma'no jihatdan didn't have to+V1 qurilmasiga teng hisoblanadi.
🔸I didn't need to buy any eggs. I knew that there were plenty of them at home.↔️ I didn't have to buy any eggs. I knew that there were plenty of them at home.

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🎙Listening before going to sleep!

✳️ This year's global heating and melting polar ice has many scientists asking whether it’s now too late to stop global warming. Have we have reached the point of no return? Neil and Georgina talk about the effects of climate change on the Arctic, and teach you vocabulary along the way.

🔖 Today's topic is 'Melting ice sheet: Is it too late?'
✳️ You will learn the words and phrases such as:
✅ ice sheet - thick layer of ice covering a large area of land for a long period of time
✅ glacier - very large, slow-moving mass of ice
✅ in balance - having different parts or elements arranged in the correct proportions
✅ tipping point - time at which a change or an effect cannot be stopped
✅ rate - speed at which something happens or changes
✅ throw your hands up - (idiom) show frustration and despair when a situation becomes so bad that you give up or submit

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🎧 ESL Podcast series - Podcast 134
▶️ Dating someone's ex

💡 ESL podcast is the best proven way to improve your Listening skills. Unfortunately, We don't have the transcript of the audio.

📤Don't forget to listen to this podcast every day and to share it with your friends.

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✳️ Idiom of the day 👌

✳️ Ingliz tilida biror holatda (poygada, o'yinda) juda kam farq bilan yutib chiqilgan vaziyatlarda ishlatiladigan ibora mavjud. Bu - 'to win by a nose' iborasidir.

🔸I ran the fastest race I could, but I only won by a nose. (Men poygada imkonim boricha tez yugurdim, lekin ozgina farq bilan g'olib bo'ldim)
🔸Sally won the race, but she only won by a nose. (Salli poygada yutib chiqdi, lekin juda oz farq bilan)

✳️ Cambridge lug'atida bu iboraga 'If a person or animal wins a race or competition by a nose, he, she, or it wins it by very little' deb izoh berilgan.

💡Mazkur ibora 1900-chi yillarda ot poygalaridagi holatlardan kelib chiqqan deyishadi va bu ibora poygada g'olib bo'lgan otning burni ikkinchi kelgan otdan oldin finish chizig'ini kesib o'tgan paytda ishlatilgan. Huddi shunday ma'noni 'to win by a whisker' iborasi ham beradi.

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Hammaga salom doʻstlar kanalimiz rivojiga hissa qoʻshishni hohlaganlar
@english_grammar_notes
Shu silkani doʻstlaringizga tarqating
♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️♻️

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