2D & Contrast EchocardiographyLeft ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a rare, often genetic heart condition where the left ventricle develops a "spongy," hypertrabeculated appearance with deep muscle grooves.

🟢 Answer Case 32 🟢
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Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Assessment
🎯 Definition:
IVC size and respiratory collapse help estimate right atrial pressure in patients with suspected Pulmonary Hypertension.
🧮 Measurement:
Measured in subcostal view approximately 1–2 cm from the right atrium.
📈 Normal Value:
👉 IVC diameter ≤21 mm with >50% collapse suggests normal RAP
👉 Dilated IVC with poor collapse suggests elevated RAP
💡 Key Tips:
Measure during quiet respiration.
Avoid excessive probe pressure.
Correlate findings with TR velocity.
Mechanical ventilation may alter interpretation.
❓ Quiz of the Day:
Why does elevated right atrial pressure reduce IVC collapsibility during inspiration?

Right Ventricular Enlargement (RV Enlargement)
🎯 Definition:
Right ventricular enlargement occurs due to chronic pressure overload in Pulmonary Hypertension.
The RV eventually stretches trying to fight pressures it absolutely did not sign up for.
🧮 Measurement:
Assessed in apical 4-chamber view by comparing RV size to LV size.
📈 Normal Value:
👉 RV basal diameter: ≤41 mm
👉 Enlarged RV suggests chronic RV pressure overload
💡 Key Tips:
Compare RV and LV chamber dimensions.
Assess septal flattening for pressure overload signs.
Evaluate RV systolic function simultaneously.
Chronic PHT may cause severe RV remodeling.
❓ Quiz of the Day:
Why does the interventricular septum flatten in severe Pulmonary Hypertension?

64-year-old diabetic man comes to the ED with epigastric discomfort, vomiting, and sweating. He denies severe chest pain.

Diagnosis??

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