📒Group 4 metals
group 4 elements change from the non-metal carbon to metal tin and lead as we go down the group since the atom of this element have 4 valence electron they tend to form covalent compound
carbon forms covalent compounds in which it is has oxidation state of + 4 tin and lead form compounds in which there exists in the + 2 and +4 oxidation state the stable compound of Lead are the(ii) compounds which are mainly ionic
group 4 elements change from the non-metal carbon to metal tin and lead as we go down the group since the atom of this element have 4 valence electron they tend to form covalent compound
carbon forms covalent compounds in which it is has oxidation state of + 4 tin and lead form compounds in which there exists in the + 2 and +4 oxidation state the stable compound of Lead are the(ii) compounds which are mainly ionic
🛑Tin occurs as the oxide ore cassiterite . It is extracted by roasting the ore in air to remove impurities and then heating the concentrated ore with powdered charcoal to reduce the tin(iv)oxide to the metal
The impure tin is purified by remelting
🛑Tin is use to coat iron and steel to prevent them from rusting . It is important in the food canning industry for coating the cans !!
The impure tin is purified by remelting
🛑Tin is use to coat iron and steel to prevent them from rusting . It is important in the food canning industry for coating the cans !!
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🛑lead occurs mainly as sulphide ore , Galena (PbS)
The ore is roasted in air and then heated in a blast furnace with coke to extract the metal
🛑Lead is used for roofing and for making gas pipes , bullets, lead accumulators and alloys , it is used as a shield against X-rays and radioactive radiation
🛑 Compounds of lead
🔗Lead(ii)oxide is amphoteric , it is used in making lead accumulators and lead glass , and as drier in paints , varnishes and glazes
🔗Lead(iv) oxide is a powerful oxidizing agent it is use I'm match heads and in lead accumulators
The ore is roasted in air and then heated in a blast furnace with coke to extract the metal
🛑Lead is used for roofing and for making gas pipes , bullets, lead accumulators and alloys , it is used as a shield against X-rays and radioactive radiation
🛑 Compounds of lead
🔗Lead(ii)oxide is amphoteric , it is used in making lead accumulators and lead glass , and as drier in paints , varnishes and glazes
🔗Lead(iv) oxide is a powerful oxidizing agent it is use I'm match heads and in lead accumulators
Question
Most metal exist in nature as
What is the common ore of tin
Lead can be extracted by electrolysis T/F
Most metal exist in nature as
What is the common ore of tin
Lead can be extracted by electrolysis T/F
📒 Transition element are all metals of economic importance , they are found in the d block of the periodic table
📒 General properties of the transition element
📍 transition metals may be defined as an element with partially filled d orbitals
📍the first series is found in period 4 ,the atoms of these metals have one or two electron in the 4s orbital and partially filled 3d orbital
📍 transition metals have few properties in common with the s block metals but they are remarkably similar among themselves
📍in the transition metals the 3d and 4s electron contribute to the metallic bonding in the crystal lattice of the metals .this makes them stronger and harder with higher melting points than the s block metals
📍
📍 transition metals may be defined as an element with partially filled d orbitals
📍the first series is found in period 4 ,the atoms of these metals have one or two electron in the 4s orbital and partially filled 3d orbital
📍 transition metals have few properties in common with the s block metals but they are remarkably similar among themselves
📍in the transition metals the 3d and 4s electron contribute to the metallic bonding in the crystal lattice of the metals .this makes them stronger and harder with higher melting points than the s block metals
📍
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📍 Chemically transition metals are moderately active while s block metals are very reactive this is because transition metals have higher ionization energies (due to the comparatively smaller atomic sizes and larger positive charges ) than the s block metals
📍In addition the electron in the d orbitals are responsible for the following characteristics properties of transition metals
🔗 variable oxidation state
🔗 Ability to form complex ions
🔗presence of coloured ions
🔗 Ability to act as a catalyst
📍In addition the electron in the d orbitals are responsible for the following characteristics properties of transition metals
🔗 variable oxidation state
🔗 Ability to form complex ions
🔗presence of coloured ions
🔗 Ability to act as a catalyst
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📒IRON
Iron is mainly extracted from it's ore by chemical and thermal reduction in a blast furnace , it is also extracted by thermal reduction process
🛑Steel is an important alloy of iron that is used for many purposes such as making machine parts
Steel is made by
🔗Bessemer process
🔗open hearth process
🔗 Electric -arc furnace process
🌟Iron is a typical transition element with oxidation number +2 and +3 oxidation state in its compound
Iron is mainly extracted from it's ore by chemical and thermal reduction in a blast furnace , it is also extracted by thermal reduction process
🛑Steel is an important alloy of iron that is used for many purposes such as making machine parts
Steel is made by
🔗Bessemer process
🔗open hearth process
🔗 Electric -arc furnace process
🌟Iron is a typical transition element with oxidation number +2 and +3 oxidation state in its compound
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🌟in the presence of moist air , iron rust due to the formation of a reddish brown hydrated iron(iii) oxide , the oxide forms a porous layer over the metal , so that rusting continues until all the metal is changed to the oxide
✅Rusting is prevented by painting the metal or coating it with other metal like tin or zinc
🌟An aqueous solution of iron(ii) ion is pale green in color while iron (iii) is yellow
🌟Iron and steel are used extensively in building and construction industry and in making body parts of vehicle, machinery and tools
✅Rusting is prevented by painting the metal or coating it with other metal like tin or zinc
🌟An aqueous solution of iron(ii) ion is pale green in color while iron (iii) is yellow
🌟Iron and steel are used extensively in building and construction industry and in making body parts of vehicle, machinery and tools
🔗Types of iron
🌟Pig iron is obtained directly from the furnace and still contains some impurities ,which lowers its melting point
🌟Cast iron is obtained from pig iron which has been remelted and now contains less impurities ,it is the iron that cannot be welded or forged
It is use in making cookers,stove , radiators,Bunsen burner
🌟 Wrought iron is the purest form of commercial iron it is obtained by heating cast iron ,it can easily be welded and forged,it is use for making nails ,chains, iron rod,horse shoes ,cores of electromagnetic and agricultural implement
🌟Pig iron is obtained directly from the furnace and still contains some impurities ,which lowers its melting point
🌟Cast iron is obtained from pig iron which has been remelted and now contains less impurities ,it is the iron that cannot be welded or forged
It is use in making cookers,stove , radiators,Bunsen burner
🌟 Wrought iron is the purest form of commercial iron it is obtained by heating cast iron ,it can easily be welded and forged,it is use for making nails ,chains, iron rod,horse shoes ,cores of electromagnetic and agricultural implement
Mortar is a compound of calcium
Mortar is a material used in masonry construction to fill the gaps between the bricks and blocks.
Mortar is a material used in masonry construction to fill the gaps between the bricks and blocks.
📒copper is extracted from its ore by chemical and thermal reduction the metal is purified by electrolysis
🌟copper is reddish-brown extremely malleable metal which is good conductor of heat and electricity
🌟copper is not a reactive metal.in moist air the metal becomes covered with green coating of basic copper (ii) tetraoxosulphate VI and trioxocarbonate (iv)
🌟in aqueous solution the ions are extensively hydrated ,the hydrated copper(ii) ions are blue in colour
🌟Copper exhibit +1 and +2 oxidation state, the +2compounds are more stable
🌟Copper (I) ion undergo disproportionation in aqueous solution to give copper (ii) ion and metallic copper
🌟Copper is use in making electrical wires and ornamental objects , bronze and brass are important alloy of copper
🌟copper is reddish-brown extremely malleable metal which is good conductor of heat and electricity
🌟copper is not a reactive metal.in moist air the metal becomes covered with green coating of basic copper (ii) tetraoxosulphate VI and trioxocarbonate (iv)
🌟in aqueous solution the ions are extensively hydrated ,the hydrated copper(ii) ions are blue in colour
🌟Copper exhibit +1 and +2 oxidation state, the +2compounds are more stable
🌟Copper (I) ion undergo disproportionation in aqueous solution to give copper (ii) ion and metallic copper
🌟Copper is use in making electrical wires and ornamental objects , bronze and brass are important alloy of copper
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🌟zinc ore are roasted in air and heated with coke to extract the metal which is purified by re distillation or electrolysis
🌟zinc does not possess many transition metal properties because it's 5d orbitals are completely filled when it exist as an ion!!
🌟zinc reacts with water to form zinc Oxide and basic zinc trioxocarbonate (iv) both of which form a continuous layer over the metal making it passive
🌟Zinc is amphoteric and react with both acid and base
🌟zinc is use for galvanizing iron and steel to prevent them from rusting
🌟zinc does not possess many transition metal properties because it's 5d orbitals are completely filled when it exist as an ion!!
🌟zinc reacts with water to form zinc Oxide and basic zinc trioxocarbonate (iv) both of which form a continuous layer over the metal making it passive
🌟Zinc is amphoteric and react with both acid and base
🌟zinc is use for galvanizing iron and steel to prevent them from rusting
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Learn the below alloy with all ur heart and soul and spirit for the sake of ur jamb score 🙏
📒Alloy
An alloy is a substance prepared by adding one or more element to a base or parent metal to obtain desirable products
🌟Brass -Cu and zn
Use for making moving parts of clocks and watches
🌟Bronze- Cu and Sn
For making coins and medal
🌟 Duralumin- Al, Cu ,Mg Mn
For construction of air craft, ships and machineries
🌟Steel- Fe and C
For construction of bridges ships and machineries
🌟 permallory- Fe and Ni
For making electromagnet
🌟Alnico -Fe,Al,Ni,Co
for making permanent magnet
🌟Soft solder - Pb and Sn
For welding and plumbing
🌟Type metal -Pb , Sb , Sn
For printing
An alloy is a substance prepared by adding one or more element to a base or parent metal to obtain desirable products
🌟Brass -Cu and zn
Use for making moving parts of clocks and watches
🌟Bronze- Cu and Sn
For making coins and medal
🌟 Duralumin- Al, Cu ,Mg Mn
For construction of air craft, ships and machineries
🌟Steel- Fe and C
For construction of bridges ships and machineries
🌟 permallory- Fe and Ni
For making electromagnet
🌟Alnico -Fe,Al,Ni,Co
for making permanent magnet
🌟Soft solder - Pb and Sn
For welding and plumbing
🌟Type metal -Pb , Sb , Sn
For printing
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1.which of the following is use for the construction of bridges
A. Bronze
B. Steel
C. Soft solder
D. Alnico
2.coinage bronze is made up of cu, zn and
A. Al
B. Be
C. Sn
D. Na
3.an alloy is usually regarded as
A. A compound
B. A set of element
C. Uniform mixture
D. None of the above
4.which of the following is use for printing
A. Type metal
B. Alnico
C. Duralumin
D. Brass
5.Galena is an ore of
A.copper
B.lead
C. Aluminum
D. Tin
6.potassium is very hard to extract with electrolysis because
A. It is soft
B. It is deliquescent
C. It evaporates fast
D. It is very reactive
7.Haber process is use to produce
A. Sulfur
B. Ammonia
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Nitrogen
8.calcium react directly with nitrogen to form
A. Ca3N3
B. Ca2N3
C. Ca3N2
D. Ca3N
9.most metal exist in nature as
A. Crust
B. Alloy
C. Ores
D. Felspar
10.Tin is purified by
A. Remelting
B. Concentrating
C. Roasting
C. All of the above
A. Bronze
B. Steel
C. Soft solder
D. Alnico
2.coinage bronze is made up of cu, zn and
A. Al
B. Be
C. Sn
D. Na
3.an alloy is usually regarded as
A. A compound
B. A set of element
C. Uniform mixture
D. None of the above
4.which of the following is use for printing
A. Type metal
B. Alnico
C. Duralumin
D. Brass
5.Galena is an ore of
A.copper
B.lead
C. Aluminum
D. Tin
6.potassium is very hard to extract with electrolysis because
A. It is soft
B. It is deliquescent
C. It evaporates fast
D. It is very reactive
7.Haber process is use to produce
A. Sulfur
B. Ammonia
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Nitrogen
8.calcium react directly with nitrogen to form
A. Ca3N3
B. Ca2N3
C. Ca3N2
D. Ca3N
9.most metal exist in nature as
A. Crust
B. Alloy
C. Ores
D. Felspar
10.Tin is purified by
A. Remelting
B. Concentrating
C. Roasting
C. All of the above
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1.which of the following is use for the construction of bridges
A. Bronze
B. Steel✅
C. Soft solder
D. Alnico
2.coinage bronze is made up of cu, zn and
A. Al
B. Be
C. Sn✅
D. Na
3.an alloy is usually regarded as
A. A compound
B. A set of element
C. Uniform mixture ✅
D. None of the above
4.which of the following is use for printing
A. Type metal✅
B. Alnico
C. Duralumin
D. Brass
5.Galena is an ore of
A.copper
B.lead✅
C. Aluminum
D. Tin
6.potassium is very hard to extract with electrolysis because
A. It is soft
B. It is deliquescent
C. It evaporates fast
D. It is very reactive✅
7.Haber process is use to produce
A. Sulfur
B. Ammonia✅
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Nitrogen
8.calcium react directly with nitrogen to form
A. Ca3N3
B. Ca2N3
C. Ca3N2✅
D. Ca3N
9.most metal exist in nature as
A. Crust
B. Alloy
C. Ores✅
D. Felspar
10.Tin is purified by
A. Remelting✅
B. Concentrating
C. Roasting
C. All of the above
A. Bronze
B. Steel✅
C. Soft solder
D. Alnico
2.coinage bronze is made up of cu, zn and
A. Al
B. Be
C. Sn✅
D. Na
3.an alloy is usually regarded as
A. A compound
B. A set of element
C. Uniform mixture ✅
D. None of the above
4.which of the following is use for printing
A. Type metal✅
B. Alnico
C. Duralumin
D. Brass
5.Galena is an ore of
A.copper
B.lead✅
C. Aluminum
D. Tin
6.potassium is very hard to extract with electrolysis because
A. It is soft
B. It is deliquescent
C. It evaporates fast
D. It is very reactive✅
7.Haber process is use to produce
A. Sulfur
B. Ammonia✅
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Nitrogen
8.calcium react directly with nitrogen to form
A. Ca3N3
B. Ca2N3
C. Ca3N2✅
D. Ca3N
9.most metal exist in nature as
A. Crust
B. Alloy
C. Ores✅
D. Felspar
10.Tin is purified by
A. Remelting✅
B. Concentrating
C. Roasting
C. All of the above
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Basic things you need to know about DT LAP CLASS. ( look and pick the correct answers)
It's an intensive Final revision class, where you will get to finish the syllabus and answer likely questions to expect 2024 JAMB exam.
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🎯Past testimonies of DT??
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🎯Syllabus
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🎯 what our current students has to say about us.
Basic things you need to know about DT LAP CLASS. ( look and pick the correct answers)
It's an intensive Final revision class, where you will get to finish the syllabus and answer likely questions to expect 2024 JAMB exam.
Date- April 1st to 19th
Let's dive into some content info.
🎯what's DT??
🎯is DT a scam??
🎯Past testimonies of DT??
🎯How will our LAP class help you to blast 2024 UTME?? (flier)
🎯 cash prizes available to be won.
🎯Syllabus
🎯Timetable.
🎯 what our current students has to say about us.
👍1