🎓کدینگ ۵۰۴ | coding 504 🎓
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#Typical
معنی: معمولی ، خاص برای خودش
کدینگ:تیپی کال ، تیپه کلی ، تیپ کلی هر کس ،معمولیه برای خودش ولی به طور نمادین اونو نشون میده.
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#typical
معنی :عادي، معمولی، خاص
کدینگ:تیپ کلی اغلب مردم معمولیه
کدینگ: تیپ کالج اکثر شهرها معمولیه
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#typical
معنی :عادي، معمولی، خاص
کدینگ:تیپ کلی اغلب مردم معمولیه
کدینگ: تیپ کالج اکثر شهرها معمولیه
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نکات آموزشی در مورد آماده شدن برای آیلتس
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🔶the language of speculation and identifying the future tense

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26. #minimum : ˈmɪnəməm
the least possible amount, the lowest amount
کمترین مقدار ممکن، پایین ترین مقدار

a. Studies show that adults need a minimum of six hours sleep.
مطالعات نشان میدهد که بزرگسالان حداقل به 6 ساعت خواب نیاز دارند
b. The minimum charge for a telephone, even if no calls are made, is about twenty dollars a month.
کمترین هزینه تلفن، حتی اگر هیچ تماسی انجام نشود، حدود 20 دلار در ماه است
c. Congress has set a minimum wage for all workers.
کنگره حداقل حقوق را برای تمام کارگران تعیین کرده است
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#Minimum
مینیمم، کمترین اندازه، کمترین مقدار
کدینگ: مینیمم اقلا میتونی قد می نی یون که دوستم داشته باشی!
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#Minimum
مینیمم، کمترین اندازه، کمترین مقدار.
کدینگ: مینیمم اقلا میتونی قدّ می نییوم که دوستم داشته باشی!
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#minimum
کمترین
کدینگ:مینا موم کمتر مصرف میکرد
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Welcome to THE MAKING OF A NATION -- American history in VOA Special English. 

In May of seventeen eighty-seven, a group of the nation's early leaders opened a convention in Philadelphia. They planned to change the Articles of Confederation, which created a weak union of the thirteen states. Instead, they wrote a new document.

This week in our series, we continue the story of the United States Constitution. Here are Frank Oliver and Tony Riggs.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Last week, we told how the convention finally agreed on how states would be represented in the national government.

There would be two houses in the national legislature. In one house -- the House of Representatives -- the number of representatives from each state would depend on the state's population. In the other house -- the Senate -- all states would have an equal number of representatives.

The agreement on representation was known as the "Great Compromise." Not all the delegates in Philadelphia were pleased with it. But it saved the convention from failure.

VOICE ONE:

The debate on representation in the House raised an important issue. No one wanted to talk about it. But all the delegates knew they must discuss it. The issue was slavery. If representation was based on population, who would you count? Would you count just free people? Or would you count Negro slaves, too?

There were thousands of slaves in the United States in seventeen eighty-seven. Most lived in southern states. But many could be found in the north, too. And northern ship owners made a lot of money by importing slaves from Africa.

VOICE TWO:

The Articles of Confederation said nothing about slavery. Each state could decide to permit it or not. Massachusetts, for example, had made slavery illegal. Nine other states had stopped importing new slaves. Only three states -- Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina -- continued to import slaves.

 
Isaac Jefferson was one of about 600 slaves owned by Thomas Jefferson during his lifetime 
The issue was never easy to discuss. Some of the most important men in America owned slaves. They included George Washington and James Madison.

No one wanted to insult these men. Yet the convention had to make some decisions about slavery. Slavery affected laws on trade and taxes, as well as the question of representation in Congress.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

During the debate, some delegates argued that slaves were property. They could not be counted for purposes of representation. Others argued that slaves were people and should be counted with everyone else.

Gouverneur Morris of Pennsylvania made an angry speech. "Slavery," he declared, "is an evil institution. It has caused great sadness and poverty in all the states where it is permitted."

Charles Pinckney of South Carolina defended the existence of slavery in the United States. "In all ages," he said, "one half of mankind have been slaves."

George Mason of Virginia, a slave owner, wanted to free all slaves. He said Virginia attempted to do this when it was a British colony. But he said the British government blocked Virginia's attempts. Mason blamed the problem on British businessmen who made money from slavery.

VOICE TWO:

 
In states where slaves were considered as persons before the law, they sued for, and sometimes won, their freedom in the courts. Elizabeth Freeman was freed in Massachusetts in 1781.  
Other delegates rose to denounce or defend slavery. But the convention had no power to rule on whether slavery was right or wrong.

Everyone knew the convention would fail if it tried to write a Constitution that banned slavery. The southern states would never accept such a document. They would refuse to join the United States.

Rufus King of Massachusetts said the convention should consider slavery only as a political matter. And that is what happened. The convention accepted several political compromises on the issue.

(MUSIC)

VOICE ONE:

James Wilson of Pennsylvania, for example, proposed a method of counting each state's population for purposes of representation. All white persons...