What is Brumation?

Brumation is a period of dormancy or slowed activity in reptiles, similar to hibernation in mammals, typically occurring during colder months to conserve energy and survive adverse environmental conditions.

Reptiles may retreat to underground burrows, rock crevices, or other sheltered areas with stable temperatures during brumation, significantly slowing their metabolism to go weeks or months without eating.

Instances of brumation have been observed in various reptilian species across habitats, such as box turtles, painted turtles, snakes, and lizards, to survive cold climes and endure challenging environmental conditions.

Topic of preamble explained here .. pls watch it and give ur opinion

Terms which are not defined in the Constitution are:

1) minorities
2) untouchability
3) public order
4) federation ( not mentioned)
5) basic structure
6)reasonable restriction
7) public interest
8)martial law
9)domicile
10)violation of the constitution
11)office of profit
12) illegal migrant

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🔆Banking Reforms

▪️Narasimhan Committee (1991) :

✅ 4 tier hierarchy for banking structure
✅ Setting up of Asset Reconstruction fund
✅ Deregulation of Interest rates
✅ Passed reduction of SLR and CRR

▪️Narasimhan committee (1998) :

✅ Strengthening of banks through mergers
✅ Narrow banking
✅ Rise in Capital adequacy Ratio
✅ Faster computerization, technology upgradation etc.

▪️Nachiket Mor Committee

✅ Universal Electronic Bank account
✅ Universal access to insurance and risk management products
✅ Universal access to deposit and investment products
✅ Access to affordable formal credit

▪️PJ Nayak Committee :

✅ State should keep completely off operational control
✅ Examined problems/aspects affecting leadership in Banks