During the last few weeks there has been a lot of discussion around the possibility of miners running custom software that accepts bribes to reorg the chain.
@gakonst and I explain how this will become harder after the proof of stake merge:
https://www.paradigm.xyz/2021/07/ethereum-reorgs-after-the-merge/
@gakonst and I explain how this will become harder after the proof of stake merge:
https://www.paradigm.xyz/2021/07/ethereum-reorgs-after-the-merge/
Paradigm
Ethereum Reorgs After The Merge - Paradigm
Paradigm is a research-driven crypto investment firm that funds companies and protocols from their earliest stages.
Retroactive public goods funding!
Collaboration with the @optimismPBC team. Big thanks to them for also being willing to be the first to implement the mechanism!
https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/retroactive-public-goods-funding-33c9b7d00f0c
Collaboration with the @optimismPBC team. Big thanks to them for also being willing to be the first to implement the mechanism!
https://medium.com/ethereum-optimism/retroactive-public-goods-funding-33c9b7d00f0c
Medium
Retroactive Public Goods Funding
Note: The Optimism team has long been in search of a solution on how to sustainably fund public goods, and we now have the structure of our…
Against overuse of the Gini coefficient:
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/07/29/gini.html
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/07/29/gini.html
How full blocks are in a range of EIP 1559 blocks from today, versus in a simulation from two months ago that assumes fairly uniform but random tx activity and realistic block production.
It actually looks pretty similar!
It actually looks pretty similar!
Another fun analysis: why is post-London chain capacity ~9% higher than it was before?
Turns out the effect is evenly split between three causes: (i) ice age delay, (ii) not-always-full pre-London blocks, (iii) mathematical artefacts of EIP 1559 formula.
https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/p4nloh/why_has_the_chain_capacity_increased_by_9_after/
Turns out the effect is evenly split between three causes: (i) ice age delay, (ii) not-always-full pre-London blocks, (iii) mathematical artefacts of EIP 1559 formula.
https://www.reddit.com/r/ethereum/comments/p4nloh/why_has_the_chain_capacity_increased_by_9_after/
reddit
r/ethereum - Why has the chain capacity increased by ~9% after London? Three answers...
521 votes and 56 comments so far on Reddit
Decentralized governance is necessary, but coin voting governance in its current form has many acknowledged and unacknowledged dangers. Augmenting or moving beyond coin voting is a key part of the solution:
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/16/voting3.html
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/16/voting3.html
Some thoughts on mechanism design for sales of limited-supply items (NFTs, tokens, but also not-inherently-blockchainy items), and how to do better than the current sales that sell out quickly and create big annoying splats on the gas market.
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/22/prices.html
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/22/prices.html
We need to move NFTs onto the layer 2 ecosystem to cut fees. However, doing that *right* requires good cross-rollup portability standards, so the ecosystem can avoid getting locked into one particular L2.
I make a cross-rollup portability proposal here:
https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-rollup-nft-wrapper-and-migration-ideas/10507
I make a cross-rollup portability proposal here:
https://ethresear.ch/t/cross-rollup-nft-wrapper-and-migration-ideas/10507
Ethereum Research
Cross-rollup NFT wrapper and migration ideas
The NFT ecosystem is growing rapidly, and it’s a significant part of the Ethereum chain’s gas consumption. The youth and relative lack of entrenchment of the ecosystem, as well as the greater need to avoid high fees due to the non-financial nature of a large…
A new account abstraction proposal! This time without requiring any ethereum consensus-layer protocol changes.
https://medium.com/infinitism/erc-4337-account-abstraction-without-ethereum-protocol-changes-d75c9d94dc4a
https://medium.com/infinitism/erc-4337-account-abstraction-without-ethereum-protocol-changes-d75c9d94dc4a
Medium
ERC 4337: account abstraction without Ethereum protocol changes
Account abstraction has for a long time been a dream of the Ethereum developer community. Instead of EVM code just being used to implement…
An introduction to some of the cryptographic techniques used in Halo and other recent protocols. No pairings, no trusted setups!
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/05/halo.html
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/05/halo.html
Review of Optimism retroactive funding round 1, an exciting new mechanism-design experiment which distributed $1 million among 58 Ethereum ecosystem public-good projects in recognition of their good work for the ecosystem so far.
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html
https://vitalik.ca/general/2021/11/16/retro1.html
A roadmap for how data space available to rollups can be greatly expanded (and hence rollup fees greatly reduced) progressively, starting from calldata gas cost reduction and continuing with step-by-step rollout of sharding:
https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/data_sharding_roadmap
https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/data_sharding_roadmap
HackMD
A step-by-step roadmap for scaling rollups with calldata expansion and sharding - HackMD
# A step-by-step roadmap for scaling rollups with calldata expansion and sharding [Rollups](https:/
EVM modular ops: https://notes.ethereum.org/@axic/evm384
Account abstraction: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337
EIP 3074: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3074
Single slot confirmations: https://ethresear.ch/t/a-model-for-cumulative-committee-based-finality/10259
Address space extension: https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/thoughts-on-address-space-extension-ase/6779
DAS: https://hackmd.io/@vbuterin/das
PBS: https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/pbs_censorship_resistance
Account abstraction: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337
EIP 3074: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3074
Single slot confirmations: https://ethresear.ch/t/a-model-for-cumulative-committee-based-finality/10259
Address space extension: https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/thoughts-on-address-space-extension-ase/6779
DAS: https://hackmd.io/@vbuterin/das
PBS: https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/pbs_censorship_resistance
HackMD
EVM384 – Can we do Fast Crypto in EVM? - HackMD
# EVM384 – Can we do Fast Crypto in EVM? Text jointly authored (in reverse alphabetic order) by Pau
PoS specs: https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs#phase-0
Sharding: https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/data_sharding_roadmap
Verkle trees: https://notes.ethereum.org/Yn_mwNa2SeeQHnKsRgekKg
Expiry: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4444 (history) + https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/state_expiry_eip (state)
EVM simplification: https://hackmd.io/@vbuterin/evm_feature_removing
EVM obj format: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3540
Sharding: https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/data_sharding_roadmap
Verkle trees: https://notes.ethereum.org/Yn_mwNa2SeeQHnKsRgekKg
Expiry: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4444 (history) + https://notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/state_expiry_eip (state)
EVM simplification: https://hackmd.io/@vbuterin/evm_feature_removing
EVM obj format: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-3540
GitHub
GitHub - ethereum/consensus-specs: Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Consensus Specifications
Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Consensus Specifications. Contribute to ethereum/consensus-specs development by creating an account on GitHub.
The bulldozer vs vetocracy political axis:
https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/12/19/bullveto.html
https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2021/12/19/bullveto.html