๐๐Hypersensitivity reaction 2
Occurs when the antibody attacks the antigen presented on cell surface or the basement mambrane
But in case of an organism >> the antigen is presented on cell surface โ๏ธโ๏ธ
But here it is a ๐นprotection ๐น.. not a type of hypersensitivity reactions ...
ุจุงูุนุฑุจู ...
ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ูุงุนู ูู ูุงุญูุฉ ุฅูุฌุงุจูุฉ ููู ูุงุญูุฉ ุณูุจูุฉ ..
ุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงูุฅูุฌุงุจูุฉ >> ุฏูุงุน ุนู ุงูุฌุณู ุถุฏ ุงูู ููุฑูุจุงุช ูุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูุบูุฑ ุทุจูุนูุฉ ูุงูุฎ
ุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงูุณูุจูุฉ >> ุงููุงูุจุฑุณูุณูุชููุชู ู ุงููุฑุงูุช ุฑูุฌููุดู ูุงูุงุชู ุงู ููู ูุงูุฎ..
ูู ู ูู ุงู antibody ูุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู Antigen ุนูู ุงู cell surface ..
ุงุฐุง ูุงู self cell ู ุซู ุงู RBCs ุจููู hypersensitivity
ุงุฐุง ูุงู invading organism ุจููู ุดูุฑุงุง ูุฐุง protection ุดู ุงูุง ุงุญุชุงุฌู
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
Occurs when the antibody attacks the antigen presented on cell surface or the basement mambrane
But in case of an organism >> the antigen is presented on cell surface โ๏ธโ๏ธ
But here it is a ๐นprotection ๐น.. not a type of hypersensitivity reactions ...
ุจุงูุนุฑุจู ...
ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ูุงุนู ูู ูุงุญูุฉ ุฅูุฌุงุจูุฉ ููู ูุงุญูุฉ ุณูุจูุฉ ..
ุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงูุฅูุฌุงุจูุฉ >> ุฏูุงุน ุนู ุงูุฌุณู ุถุฏ ุงูู ููุฑูุจุงุช ูุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูุบูุฑ ุทุจูุนูุฉ ูุงูุฎ
ุงููุงุญูุฉ ุงูุณูุจูุฉ >> ุงููุงูุจุฑุณูุณูุชููุชู ู ุงููุฑุงูุช ุฑูุฌููุดู ูุงูุงุชู ุงู ููู ูุงูุฎ..
ูู ู ูู ุงู antibody ูุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู Antigen ุนูู ุงู cell surface ..
ุงุฐุง ูุงู self cell ู ุซู ุงู RBCs ุจููู hypersensitivity
ุงุฐุง ูุงู invading organism ุจููู ุดูุฑุงุง ูุฐุง protection ุดู ุงูุง ุงุญุชุงุฌู
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
๐บ ูู ูู ูุงุญุฏ ุฏุนุณ ู
ุณู
ุงุฑ ..
ุจูุนุทูู Anti- tetanus ุ
ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุงูุด ุ ุนู Antibodies ู ู ู ุตุฏุฑ ุญููุงูู .... ูุฐูู ูู ุง ุชุญูููุง ุจุงูุฌุณู .. ู ู ูู ูููู ุงูุงูุชู ุจุฏู ูุฐุง ู ุนุงู ุงูุชูุฌูู ูุนุชุจุฑ ู foreign ููุฌุณู ููู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ู ู ูู ูุชุณุจุจ ูู Hypersensitivity reaction type 3 ..
ูููู ุงูุฌุณู ูุทูุน ูู Antibody
ุงูุงู ูู ูุฉ ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุงููู ุฏุฎูุช ุงูุฌุณู ูุจูุฑุฉ excess ..
ูุจุงูููุงูุฉ ูุชููู ุนูุฏู immune complexes ูุชุคุฏู ุงูู ุธููุฑ ุงูุงุนุฑุงุถ ...
ููุฐุง ุงูุฎุจุฑ ุงุณู ู serum sickness
ููุนุชุจุฑ๐ท self limited๐ท ูุงูู ุจูุนุทูู single dose ู ุจููู ู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุจุนุฏ ุดููุฉ
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ุจูุนุทูู Anti- tetanus ุ
ูู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุงูุด ุ ุนู Antibodies ู ู ู ุตุฏุฑ ุญููุงูู .... ูุฐูู ูู ุง ุชุญูููุง ุจุงูุฌุณู .. ู ู ูู ูููู ุงูุงูุชู ุจุฏู ูุฐุง ู ุนุงู ุงูุชูุฌูู ูุนุชุจุฑ ู foreign ููุฌุณู ููู ุจุนุถ ุงูุญุงูุงุช ู ู ูู ูุชุณุจุจ ูู Hypersensitivity reaction type 3 ..
ูููู ุงูุฌุณู ูุทูุน ูู Antibody
ุงูุงู ูู ูุฉ ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุงููู ุฏุฎูุช ุงูุฌุณู ูุจูุฑุฉ excess ..
ูุจุงูููุงูุฉ ูุชููู ุนูุฏู immune complexes ูุชุคุฏู ุงูู ุธููุฑ ุงูุงุนุฑุงุถ ...
ููุฐุง ุงูุฎุจุฑ ุงุณู ู serum sickness
ููุนุชุจุฑ๐ท self limited๐ท ูุงูู ุจูุนุทูู single dose ู ุจููู ู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ุจุนุฏ ุดููุฉ
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
๐ทุงูู
ุณููู ุฏุนุณ ุงูู
ุณู
ุงุฑ .. ู
ุฑุฉ ุซุงููุฉ. ..
ุนุทูู anti- tetanus
ุนูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู early serum sickness
Due to Early response
ูุงูู ุงู Antibody ู ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏู ู ุณุจูุงู... ุจุณุจุจ ูุฌูุฏ ุงู memory cell ุงููู ุธูุฑุช ู ู Immune reaction
ุทุจุนุง Antibody against antigen administrated with antibody of tetanus
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ุนุทูู anti- tetanus
ุนูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู early serum sickness
Due to Early response
ูุงูู ุงู Antibody ู ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุนูุฏู ู ุณุจูุงู... ุจุณุจุจ ูุฌูุฏ ุงู memory cell ุงููู ุธูุฑุช ู ู Immune reaction
ุทุจุนุง Antibody against antigen administrated with antibody of tetanus
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
๐ทููุด ูู ูุงุณ ู
ุง ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏูู
serum sicknessุุ
ูุงูู ุงู antigen ุงููู ุงุญูุง ูุชููู ุนูู ุจุชูุชูู ู ู ุงูุฌุณู .. ูุจู ู ุง ูุงุฎุฐ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ูุงุนู ููุชู ูุชุทูุน ุงู Antibody ..ูู ุง ุชุทูุน ุงูุง ุจุนุฏ ููุตุงู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ูู ุง ูุญุตู ุชุฑุงูู ูู Immune complexes ... ูู ุง ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู ุงูserum sickness
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ูุงูู ุงู antigen ุงููู ุงุญูุง ูุชููู ุนูู ุจุชูุชูู ู ู ุงูุฌุณู .. ูุจู ู ุง ูุงุฎุฐ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ุงูู ูุงุนู ููุชู ูุชุทูุน ุงู Antibody ..ูู ุง ุชุทูุน ุงูุง ุจุนุฏ ููุตุงู ุงูุงูุชูุฌูู ูู ุง ูุญุตู ุชุฑุงูู ูู Immune complexes ... ูู ุง ูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู ุงูserum sickness
#ู ูุงุนุฉ
#ู ุงููุฑู
ุงุฏู
ู ุงูููุงุฉ ุฑุฌุงุกุง ุงูููุงุฉ ูู Short notes
ูููุณ ููู ูุฎุตุงุช ^^
ูููุณ ููู ูุฎุตุงุช ^^
๐Chemotheraphy: Side Effects
๐๏ธMINA
Myelosuppression (Bone Marrow Supression)
Increase Infection risk
Nausea
Alopecia
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐๏ธMINA
Myelosuppression (Bone Marrow Supression)
Increase Infection risk
Nausea
Alopecia
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐NSAIDS: Contraindication
๐ BARSูุถุจุงู
Bleeding (Coagulopathy)
Asthma (10% of asthmatic patients are NSAID Sensitive )
Renal Diseases (Hypovolemia)
Stomach (Peptic Ulcer or Gastritis)
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐ BARSูุถุจุงู
Bleeding (Coagulopathy)
Asthma (10% of asthmatic patients are NSAID Sensitive )
Renal Diseases (Hypovolemia)
Stomach (Peptic Ulcer or Gastritis)
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐ Bronchial obstruction: consequences
(APPLE BABE๐๐)
Atelectasis
Pleural adhesions
Pleuritis
Lipid pneumonia
Effusion->organisation->fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Abscess
Broncho and lobar pneumonia
Emphysema
#ุจุงุซู
(APPLE BABE๐๐)
Atelectasis
Pleural adhesions
Pleuritis
Lipid pneumonia
Effusion->organisation->fibrosis
Bronchiectasis
Abscess
Broncho and lobar pneumonia
Emphysema
#ุจุงุซู
#ู
ูู
_ุฌุฏุง_ููุฏูุชูุฑ_ุนุฏูุงู
______________
๐Atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism:
๐may lead to thrombosis
๐นTreated by
๐
#ูุงุฑู ุง
______________
๐Atrial fibrillation in hyperthyroidism:
๐may lead to thrombosis
๐นTreated by
warfarin & antiarrhythmic drugs.๐
Diltiazem is the best treatment to patient with asthma and atrial fibrillation in case of hyperthiordism.#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐นBacterial meningitis is caused by several different types of bacteria, including:
1- Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus.
2- Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus
3-Haemophilus influenzae, also called Hib
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุญุณู ^^
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
1- Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus.
2- Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus
3-Haemophilus influenzae, also called Hib
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุญุณู ^^
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
โ Spore-forming bacteriaโ
Some bacteria such as theโจ( Bacillus) โจandโจ( Clostridium)โจ species are able to form spores.
These spores, also referred to as endospores, are the dormant form of vegetative bacteria and are highly resistant to physical and chemical influences.
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุญุณู^^
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
Some bacteria such as theโจ( Bacillus) โจandโจ( Clostridium)โจ species are able to form spores.
These spores, also referred to as endospores, are the dormant form of vegetative bacteria and are highly resistant to physical and chemical influences.
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุญุณู^^
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
Neisseria gonorrhea โจ
Is gram-negative intra- cellular diplococcus
ุชุณุจุจ ู ุฑุถ ุงูุณููุงู ูุนุชุจุฑ STDs
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
Is gram-negative intra- cellular diplococcus
ุชุณุจุจ ู ุฑุถ ุงูุณููุงู ูุนุชุจุฑ STDs
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
Forwarded from ุงูู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุงูุฑุงุจุนุฉ โฆโ๏ธโฉ (Hฤ
ลฤ โค)
๐นNote :
โจGram-positive mostly cocci
โจGram-negative mostly bacilli
( Neisseria is diplococcus)๐ฅ
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุนููู
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
โจGram-positive mostly cocci
โจGram-negative mostly bacilli
( Neisseria is diplococcus)๐ฅ
ุงูุฏูุชูุฑ ุนููู
#ุจูุชูุฑูุง
#ู ุงููุฑู
Mode of action of Anti-estrogens :
๐ Tamoxifen:
Block estrogen receptors in (breast)
( antagonist)
Stimulate estrogen receptors in the (endometrium ) ( agonist )
ููุฐุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ุนูุงุฌ ุงู Breat cancer .. ููููู ูุฏ ูุณุจุจ ุงู Endometrial cancer
ู ุน ุงู Hot flushes
๐ Raloxifene:
- estrogenic action on bone ( agonist)
ููุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ุงู osteoporosis of postmenopausal women ูุชููู ุงู risk factor of breast cancer
๐ Clomiphene :
- block estrogen receptors in hypothalamus ( centrally) leading to increase production of ( FSH &LH) by inhibiting negative feedback of estrogen
ููุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ุงู infertility ูุงูู ูุนู ู induce ovulation
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐ Tamoxifen:
Block estrogen receptors in (breast)
( antagonist)
Stimulate estrogen receptors in the (endometrium ) ( agonist )
ููุฐุง ูุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ุนูุงุฌ ุงู Breat cancer .. ููููู ูุฏ ูุณุจุจ ุงู Endometrial cancer
ู ุน ุงู Hot flushes
๐ Raloxifene:
- estrogenic action on bone ( agonist)
ููุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ุงู osteoporosis of postmenopausal women ูุชููู ุงู risk factor of breast cancer
๐ Clomiphene :
- block estrogen receptors in hypothalamus ( centrally) leading to increase production of ( FSH &LH) by inhibiting negative feedback of estrogen
ููุณุชุฎุฏู ูู ุงู infertility ูุงูู ูุนู ู induce ovulation
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐พHyperprolactinemia :
Increase in prolactin levels ..
โญ๏ธcauses :
๐ซMostly due to Adenoma ( prolactinoma)
๐ซ Drugs block Dopamine at pituitary: like tranquillizer ( medicine to reduce anxiety and tension) e.x :- Haloperidol
Or maybe physiological during pregnancy and lactation or even mental stress
๐Effects :
๐บFemale:
Amenorrhea
Galactorrhea
Inhibition of ovulation
๐บMale :
Gynecomastia
Infertility
Impotence
๐ treatment:
Dopamine AGONIST ..
Like :
๐Bromocriptine
๐ Cabergoline
#ูุงุฑู ุง
Increase in prolactin levels ..
โญ๏ธcauses :
๐ซMostly due to Adenoma ( prolactinoma)
๐ซ Drugs block Dopamine at pituitary: like tranquillizer ( medicine to reduce anxiety and tension) e.x :- Haloperidol
Or maybe physiological during pregnancy and lactation or even mental stress
๐Effects :
๐บFemale:
Amenorrhea
Galactorrhea
Inhibition of ovulation
๐บMale :
Gynecomastia
Infertility
Impotence
๐ treatment:
Dopamine AGONIST ..
Like :
๐Bromocriptine
๐ Cabergoline
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐พ
Increase GH ..
*Before* the the union of epiphysis :
Gaintism
๐Linear growth
*after* the union of epiphysis :
Acromegaly
๐enlarged hands , feets and jaws
๐พ causes ?
Adenoma
>> pituitary adenoma >> ุฃู ุง ูููุง ุงู ุงู acidophilic adenoma
๐ Treatment:
- Surgery is the first choice ..
Medical:
๐somatostatin analogus >> Octeriotide , Lanreotide
๐GH receptors antagonist >> pegvisomant
๐Dopamine agonists. .>> Bromocriptine
( ูู ุชุฃุซูุฑ ู ุซุจุท ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูู ุฌุงูุฑุฉ ูุงูุชู ุชูุชุฌ ุงูุจุฑููุงูุชูู ููููู ูู ููุณ ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑ )
#ูุงุฑู ุง
Increase GH ..
*Before* the the union of epiphysis :
Gaintism
๐Linear growth
*after* the union of epiphysis :
Acromegaly
๐enlarged hands , feets and jaws
๐พ causes ?
Adenoma
>> pituitary adenoma >> ุฃู ุง ูููุง ุงู ุงู acidophilic adenoma
๐ Treatment:
- Surgery is the first choice ..
Medical:
๐somatostatin analogus >> Octeriotide , Lanreotide
๐GH receptors antagonist >> pegvisomant
๐Dopamine agonists. .>> Bromocriptine
( ูู ุชุฃุซูุฑ ู ุซุจุท ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูู ุฌุงูุฑุฉ ูุงูุชู ุชูุชุฌ ุงูุจุฑููุงูุชูู ููููู ูู ููุณ ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑ )
#ูุงุฑู ุง
๐ผ ุนูู ุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ูุฌูุฏ ุงู Viral interference
.ูุงููู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Superinfection- resistance
ุจู ุนูู ุงูู ุงุฐุง ุฏุฎู ุงููุงูุฑุณ ููุฎููุฉ ูุตูุฑ Down regulation of receptor
ุจุงูุชุงูู ุชููู ุงูุฎููุฉ ู ุงุนุงุฏ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูุงูุฑุณ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุฐุง ูุงูุช ู ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงููุงูุฑุณ
ุจุณ ููู ุญุงูุงุช ูููู ุงู Patient ู ุชุนุฑุถ
ูู HBV & HCV ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุ
ู ุงูุณุจุจ ุ
ุงูุณุจุจ ุงูู ุงููุจุฏ ูุชููู ู ู ุงูุงูุงู ุงูุฎูุงูุง
ูุงููุงูุฑุณ B ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ู ุงููุงูุฑุณ C ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ุงุฎุฑู ุบูุฑ ู ุตุงุจุฉ ..
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู
.ูุงููู ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู Superinfection- resistance
ุจู ุนูู ุงูู ุงุฐุง ุฏุฎู ุงููุงูุฑุณ ููุฎููุฉ ูุตูุฑ Down regulation of receptor
ุจุงูุชุงูู ุชููู ุงูุฎููุฉ ู ุงุนุงุฏ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูุงูุฑุณ ุงุฎุฑ ุงุฐุง ูุงูุช ู ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงููุงูุฑุณ
ุจุณ ููู ุญุงูุงุช ูููู ุงู Patient ู ุชุนุฑุถ
ูู HBV & HCV ูู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุ
ู ุงูุณุจุจ ุ
ุงูุณุจุจ ุงูู ุงููุจุฏ ูุชููู ู ู ุงูุงูุงู ุงูุฎูุงูุง
ูุงููุงูุฑุณ B ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ู ุงููุงูุฑุณ C ูุตูุจ ุฎููุฉ ุงุฎุฑู ุบูุฑ ู ุตุงุจุฉ ..
#ููุฑูุณุงุช
#ู ุงููุฑู