Forwarded from المجموعة الرابعة ✌️ (Abraham)
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✒Typhoid fever caused by salmonella typhi or paratyphi
✒ typhic or typhus fever caused by ricktessia ssp .
✒ typhic or typhus fever caused by ricktessia ssp .
Forwarded from 🇾🇪سفراء الإنسانية🥀GROUP 1 (بروفيسوره😎)
🔴Zoonotic bacteria
الدكتور كان يركز على تحديدها
وهي
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis
Brucella
Campylobacter
Francisella
Mycobacterium leprae
Pasteurella multocida
Salmonella except ( s typhi)
Yersinia pestis
الدكتور كان يركز على تحديدها
وهي
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis
Brucella
Campylobacter
Francisella
Mycobacterium leprae
Pasteurella multocida
Salmonella except ( s typhi)
Yersinia pestis
الرسمات التي غالباً بتدخل في الامتحان
1-structure of the bacerial cellهذه اهم رسمه
2-structures of the two plasmids that contain genes for antibiotics resistance هذه كمان مهمه
#بكتيريا
#مايكرو
#اللجنة_العلمية
1-structure of the bacerial cellهذه اهم رسمه
2-structures of the two plasmids that contain genes for antibiotics resistance هذه كمان مهمه
#بكتيريا
#مايكرو
#اللجنة_العلمية
الدكتور قال ان
ان not all medically important bacteria
Contain plasmid ( F)
ان not all medically important bacteria
Contain plasmid ( F)
Yogurt: produced by fermentation due to bacteria bifidobacterium bifidum
Crud: adding acidic substance by propionbactirum
بلغوا الطلاب ^^
Crud: adding acidic substance by propionbactirum
بلغوا الطلاب ^^
بخصوص سؤال ..
رقم 2
بالصح والخطأ الحل حقنا صح ( T )
The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665. ... However whatHooke actually saw was the dead cell walls of plant cells (cork) as it appeared under the microscope . Hooke's description of thesecells was published in Micrographia
Hooke looked at the bark of a cork tree and observed its microscopic structure. In doing so, he discoveredand named the cell – the building block of life. He thought the objects he had discovered looked like the individual rooms in a monastery, which were known as cells.
😝😁
رقم 2
بالصح والخطأ الحل حقنا صح ( T )
The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665. ... However whatHooke actually saw was the dead cell walls of plant cells (cork) as it appeared under the microscope . Hooke's description of thesecells was published in Micrographia
Hooke looked at the bark of a cork tree and observed its microscopic structure. In doing so, he discoveredand named the cell – the building block of life. He thought the objects he had discovered looked like the individual rooms in a monastery, which were known as cells.
😝😁
Forwarded from .....
اللي لخصته اليوم بعمل الباثو :
قال الدكتور بأي system ضروري ناخذ الbasic حقه
اي system يحتوي على أربعة أنواع من الأمراض:
1_congenital anomalies(تشوهات )
2_inflammation (immune or infectious )
3_specific disease
4_Tumer
وفي الجراحة نضيف trauma
لماذا يعتبر vascular system اهم system ؟؟
لان 50% من الوفيات سببها complications of atherosclerosis
*basic anatomy :
Aorta>large artery >medium artery >small artery > arteriol > capillary <venule >small vein >medium vein >large vein
*histology : Blood vessels consist from three layer :
1_intima (endothelium , subendothelium ) integrity of intima is important for integrity of Blood vessels
2_media (smooth muscle )
3_adventitia (nerve , blood vessel)
اللي يحدد size of artery هو thickness of media حتى تختفي media , adventitia في capillary
*physiology:
Normal function of vascular system is transporting of Blood (nutrient, oxygen and removal of Waste products )
لايغادر blood من vessel ولكن يحصل له filtration
Diseases:
"Congenital anomalies "
1_Arterioveinus (AV malformation ):تتكون كتلة interconnected mixed....
المريض ليس له أعراض ،،،،، يكتشفوا في lung حاجه بيضاء وهي ليست tumer
2_ AV shunt or fistula :direct connection between artery and vein
وهذه قد تكون congenital أو تكون acquired بسبب trauma وقد تكون therapeutic لغرض علاجي مثل hemodialysis
3_ perianeurysm; abnormal dilatation of Blood vessels
وهذا يصيب cycle of Willis ممكن يحصل له accidental rupture >sudden haemorrhage <sudden death
يمكن يكون اكتشافه accidentally
يمكن يكون acquired بسبب infection or trauma or atherosclerosis
"Inflammation "
Vasculiitis (immune or infectious )
تكون vessels محميه من infection لان immune system قريبه منه فالimmune system في الدم 😁😁 لذلك immune هو اهم من infectious
Immune vasculiitis
General histological features of vasculiitis:
Leukocyte infiltration, thickening of wall , narrowing of lumen
يقسم على حسب size إلى
1_large size
a_Takayasu disease
b_ Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
لا نستطيع ان نفرق بين المرضين histological لان giant cell موجوده فيهم الاثنين (granulomatous inflammation ) يعني انهم متشابهان هستولوجيا
نفرق بينهم ب location و clinical feature
Takayasu : female , middle age , pulsless
Temporal: male , old age , chronic headache , temporal tenderness
2_Middel size :
a_Kawasaki disease
b_ polyarteritis nodosa
يتميز المرضين ب necrotizing vasculiitis (accumulation of neutrophils, pus) or fibrinoid necrosis
نفرق بينهم clinical
Kawasaki :infant , mucocutaneous rash , lymphoadenopathy
Polyarteritis: middle age , problems in kidney (heamaturia )and GIT
يعني انه multisystem ماعدا lung
3_small size ;
a_wenger disease
b_ churg_straus syndrome
c_Buerger's disease
وهي متشابهه clinically لكن تختلف histological
Wenger : in upper and lower respiratory
يتميز بوجود necrotizing granuloma فيها granuloma وبالوسط neutrophils
Churg_straus: Esinophilia in blood
يكون عنده allergy
Polyangitis :leukocytoplastic vasculatis (neutrophils fragmentation )
"Specific disease "
Sever thickness of intima (cholesterol, triglycerides)
Arteriosclerosis (Harding or thickening of BV )
_Arteriolosclerosis :due to hypertension
_ atherosclerosis :due to fat
_monckebergs :في كبار السن
ملحوظة 🤓 علم الأسباب ينقسم:
Cause :المرض موجود وله اسبابه
Risk factor : المرض غير موجود ولكن هو عرضه للمرض مثل التدخين
*risk factor of atherosclerosis *
A_High modifiable :
Smoking
Hyperlipdiemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
B_high non modifiable:
Male
Age
Family history
Genetic factors
C_ low :
Obesity
Fat
Lack of exercises
Stress
. قد تكون family history مرتبطة ب genetic factor أو لا
أكثر حاجه ترفع HDL هو exercise
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis :
increase vascular permeability
يدخل fat , fibrin
Leukocyte infiltration to subendothelium
تفرز endothelium ال nitric oxide والذي يسبب injury ويمنع aggregation
يزداد adhesion molecule
لما ينقص nitric oxide يحصل platelet aggregation
مع الوقت يتكونfat streak (ethroma)
يستدعي smooth muscle من media فتعمل cap
Complications
Comple
قال الدكتور بأي system ضروري ناخذ الbasic حقه
اي system يحتوي على أربعة أنواع من الأمراض:
1_congenital anomalies(تشوهات )
2_inflammation (immune or infectious )
3_specific disease
4_Tumer
وفي الجراحة نضيف trauma
لماذا يعتبر vascular system اهم system ؟؟
لان 50% من الوفيات سببها complications of atherosclerosis
*basic anatomy :
Aorta>large artery >medium artery >small artery > arteriol > capillary <venule >small vein >medium vein >large vein
*histology : Blood vessels consist from three layer :
1_intima (endothelium , subendothelium ) integrity of intima is important for integrity of Blood vessels
2_media (smooth muscle )
3_adventitia (nerve , blood vessel)
اللي يحدد size of artery هو thickness of media حتى تختفي media , adventitia في capillary
*physiology:
Normal function of vascular system is transporting of Blood (nutrient, oxygen and removal of Waste products )
لايغادر blood من vessel ولكن يحصل له filtration
Diseases:
"Congenital anomalies "
1_Arterioveinus (AV malformation ):تتكون كتلة interconnected mixed....
المريض ليس له أعراض ،،،،، يكتشفوا في lung حاجه بيضاء وهي ليست tumer
2_ AV shunt or fistula :direct connection between artery and vein
وهذه قد تكون congenital أو تكون acquired بسبب trauma وقد تكون therapeutic لغرض علاجي مثل hemodialysis
3_ perianeurysm; abnormal dilatation of Blood vessels
وهذا يصيب cycle of Willis ممكن يحصل له accidental rupture >sudden haemorrhage <sudden death
يمكن يكون اكتشافه accidentally
يمكن يكون acquired بسبب infection or trauma or atherosclerosis
"Inflammation "
Vasculiitis (immune or infectious )
تكون vessels محميه من infection لان immune system قريبه منه فالimmune system في الدم 😁😁 لذلك immune هو اهم من infectious
Immune vasculiitis
General histological features of vasculiitis:
Leukocyte infiltration, thickening of wall , narrowing of lumen
يقسم على حسب size إلى
1_large size
a_Takayasu disease
b_ Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
لا نستطيع ان نفرق بين المرضين histological لان giant cell موجوده فيهم الاثنين (granulomatous inflammation ) يعني انهم متشابهان هستولوجيا
نفرق بينهم ب location و clinical feature
Takayasu : female , middle age , pulsless
Temporal: male , old age , chronic headache , temporal tenderness
2_Middel size :
a_Kawasaki disease
b_ polyarteritis nodosa
يتميز المرضين ب necrotizing vasculiitis (accumulation of neutrophils, pus) or fibrinoid necrosis
نفرق بينهم clinical
Kawasaki :infant , mucocutaneous rash , lymphoadenopathy
Polyarteritis: middle age , problems in kidney (heamaturia )and GIT
يعني انه multisystem ماعدا lung
3_small size ;
a_wenger disease
b_ churg_straus syndrome
c_Buerger's disease
وهي متشابهه clinically لكن تختلف histological
Wenger : in upper and lower respiratory
يتميز بوجود necrotizing granuloma فيها granuloma وبالوسط neutrophils
Churg_straus: Esinophilia in blood
يكون عنده allergy
Polyangitis :leukocytoplastic vasculatis (neutrophils fragmentation )
"Specific disease "
Sever thickness of intima (cholesterol, triglycerides)
Arteriosclerosis (Harding or thickening of BV )
_Arteriolosclerosis :due to hypertension
_ atherosclerosis :due to fat
_monckebergs :في كبار السن
ملحوظة 🤓 علم الأسباب ينقسم:
Cause :المرض موجود وله اسبابه
Risk factor : المرض غير موجود ولكن هو عرضه للمرض مثل التدخين
*risk factor of atherosclerosis *
A_High modifiable :
Smoking
Hyperlipdiemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
B_high non modifiable:
Male
Age
Family history
Genetic factors
C_ low :
Obesity
Fat
Lack of exercises
Stress
. قد تكون family history مرتبطة ب genetic factor أو لا
أكثر حاجه ترفع HDL هو exercise
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis :
increase vascular permeability
يدخل fat , fibrin
Leukocyte infiltration to subendothelium
تفرز endothelium ال nitric oxide والذي يسبب injury ويمنع aggregation
يزداد adhesion molecule
لما ينقص nitric oxide يحصل platelet aggregation
مع الوقت يتكونfat streak (ethroma)
يستدعي smooth muscle من media فتعمل cap
Complications
Comple
Forwarded from .....
te obstruction of artery
Thrombosis >embolism formation > infraction
يمكن يحصل aneurysm > rupture < internal bleeding
وبعدين عرض الدكتور الشرائح
مها الحيدري
Thrombosis >embolism formation > infraction
يمكن يحصل aneurysm > rupture < internal bleeding
وبعدين عرض الدكتور الشرائح
مها الحيدري